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Biomedical subjects

A Tsamtsouris

Publications and source records attributed to A Tsamtsouris.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

Fluoridated drinking water and maturation of permanent teeth at age 12.

Dental age was evaluated in 88 children aged 12 years + 6 months in both areas of Boston with fluoridated drinking water and nonfluoridated areas surrounding Athens, Greece. Fluoridation of drinking water in the Boston areas was 1.0 ppm, a level considered 'optimal' in the USA. Girls from the fluoridated Boston area were shown in this study to have a significantly (p<0.05) delayed dental age when compared to their chronological age according to the tables of Nolla. Boys from the Boston area and boys and girls from the Athens area showed no significant difference when comparing dental age to chronological age.

Boston

Augmentative communication for the non-speaking child.

In this article, the term non-speaking will be used to refer to those individuals who have limited or no functional speech because of severe physical impairment, neuromuscular or cognitive deficit and whose communication impairment is not due primarily to a hearing problem. Augmentative communication has developed in order to compensate for impairments and disabilities of the non-speaking individual. It is all communication that supplements speech. Pediatric dental patients who may benefit from augmentative communication systems include those with cerebral palsy, multihandicaps, severe mental retardation and autism. The communication board is given as an example of an augmentative communication system. It is a visual display which can use symbols, pictures, letters and words. It allows the non-speaking child to communicate either by listener-assisted scanning or pointing directly to the symbol or word with their hand or eye-gaze, or with an aid such as a pointer or light. A communication board for use in the pediatric dental setting is described. The pediatric dentist should consult with the speech-language pathologist, family/caretaker, special educator/teacher, and health care members when deciding on communication systems for the non-speaking child in the dental setting. Augmentative communication systems need to be individualized for each non-speaking child. The systems need constant evaluation and updating also as the child develops. The ultimate aim of augmentative communication is to help the non-speaking child to have a more active and fulfilling role in everyday life.

Child

Fluoride levels and fluoride contamination of fruit juices.

Increasing consumption of beverages as a replacement for water have made fluoride content in beverages an important issue. In this study, forty-three ready-to-drink fruit juices were examined for fluoride ion concentration. It was found that 42% of the samples had more than 1 ppm of fluoride. It was also determined that "pure" fruit juices, often grape juices, contained high levels of fluoride. Juice made from grapes separated from the skin did not contain any fluoride. Since it is common practice to use fluoride-containing insecticide in growing grapes, it is believed that contamination of these juices is occurring. Washing of grape skins produced appreciable quantities of fluoride. Given that increasing numbers of people are consuming beverages instead of water, fluoride supplementation should not be based solely upon the concentration of the drinking water, but should also consider the amount of different beverages consumed and their fluoride content.

Beverages

Individually modified toothbrushes and improvement of oral hygiene and gingival health in cerebral palsy children.

Twenty-eight cerebral palsy patients were evaluated for effectiveness of toothbrushing using conventional vs individually modified toothbrushes (IMT). The patients were first monitored in the dental clinic, using the conventional or the IMT on alternate visits for a total of four visits. Plaque scores recorded at all four visits showed significant (P less than 0.001) reduction of plaque measured in percentage of surfaces cleaned when the IMT was used. In the second part of the study, the patients were given the IMT to use at home. The plaque index scored 7, 21 and 35 days later, decreased significantly (P less than 0.001) with time. The same was true for the gingival index. Furthermore, during each of the last three visits, patients were also evaluated for the ability to perform oral hygiene with the IMT in the dental office. This ability was significantly improved (P less than 0.05) at all visits. The Individually Modified Toothbrush appears to be an effective mean to improve the oral hygiene and gingival health of cerebral palsy patients.

Adolescent