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Biomedical subjects

A Toyoshima

Publications and source records attributed to A Toyoshima.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

A second group of hepatitis C viruses.

cDNA clone 11-7 was isolated by immunoscreening a cDNA library that was prepared from a pooled plasma of non-A non-B hepatitis (NANBH) patients using expression vector lambda gt11. This cDNA corresponds to known nucleotide positions 3983-4745 of the genome of hepatitis C virus (HCV). This clone was used as a probe for screening the HCV-related cDNAs in a cDNA library similarly prepared by using lambda gt10. As a result, six more cDNA clones were isolated and analyzed for their nucleotide sequences. The results strongly suggested that there are at least two groups of HCV, group I and group II. According to our classification, the prototype HCV and clone 11-7 belong to group I HCV, and their nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were diverged from those of group II HCV. Genetic variation observed in the nucleotide and the amino acid sequences between the two groups resembles that in the NS3 region of the genome between Japanese encephalitis virus and West Nile fever virus. Polypeptides produced in Escherichia coli carrying a clone 11-7 or a group II cDNA clone E reacted with antibodies in the blood of 12 or 4 out of 14 individual chronic NANBH patients, respectively. Our data clearly indicate the existence of a second group of HCV.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

[Effects of cernitin pollen extract (CN-009) on the isolated bladder smooth muscles and the intravesical pressure].

Cernitin pollen extract (CN-009), extract from several pollen species, has been used for urinary dysfunction. As its mode of action has not been clarified, we investigated the action of CN-009 on the isolated bladder smooth muscles of rats, guinea pigs and cats and the intravesical pressure in female rats. CN-009 contracted isolated detrusor muscles of rats, guinea pigs and cats in a concentration-dependent manner. In the guinea pig detrusor muscle, the contractile effect of CN-009 was depressed by atropine, diphenhydramine and increased by cimetidine. In the rat detrusor muscle, the CN-009-induced contraction was depressed by atropine. In adult rats (11-23 weeks old) and aged rats (2 years old), CN-009 showed a dose-dependent increase of intravesical pressure to the same extent in spite of the fact that the aged rats had a lower responsiveness to acetylcholine. In adult rats, the CN-009-induced increase of intravesical pressure was reduced completely by atropine and partly reduced by phentolamine and guanethidine. Three weeks consecutive oral administration of CN-009 tended to increase the basal intravesical pressure and tended to elevate the isoproterenol-induced decrease and serotonin-induced increase in the intravesical pressure. These results suggest that CN-009 contracts the detrusor muscle, a process that is mainly mediated by muscarinic receptor activation. The contraction induced by CN-009 of detrusor muscle causes the increase of intravesical pressure.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical study of renal cell carcinoma as incidental finding].

Reports on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) as an incidental finding have been increasing in recent years as the imaging modalities including ultrasonography (US) and computerized tomography (CT) scan have gained popularity in clinical medicine. Because effective treatment in RCC is only surgical removal of the involved kidney even at present, it is imperative for urologists to find and to diagnose the RCC in early stage. Whether RCC found incidentally is in early stage cancer is not determined at present. To determine if the RCC found incidentally is in early stage cancer and if the survival rate is better than that of the RCC found with symptoms, we undertook the following study. Between December 1972 and March 1990, 65 patients with RCC were registered at the Department of Urology, Teikyo University Hospital. Of 65 patients 20 with RCC as an incidental finding were subjected to this study. 34 patients with RCC found with symptoms including hematuria were subjected to control group. Causes of the diagnosis in 20 patients included workup for non-urological diseases in 11 patients (55.0%), workup for urological disease other than RCC in 5 patients (25.0%) and routine medical checkup in 4 patients (20.0%). First-line imaging modalities for the diagnosis was US in 9 patients (45.0%), DIP in 6 patients (30.0%) and CT in 5 patients (25.0%). Size of the tumor, pathological stage (pT) and grade in these 20 patients were tended to be smaller and lower, respectively, but these results were not significant as compared to those of the control group. Incidence of the remote metastasis, at the time of diagnosis, however, was significantly lesser than that of the control group (p = 0.04).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Effects of aging and the autonomic nervous system-related agents on the intravesical pressure of the bladder in situ in female rats].

We investigated the effects of several autonomic nervous system-related agents on the intravesical pressure (IVP) in adult (11-23 weeks old, 200-350 g) and aged (2 years old, 350-770 g) female rats. Acetylcholine induced a dose-dependent and transient increase of IVP, which was competitively antagonized by pirenzepine weakly and by atropine strongly. These results suggest the predominance of M-2 receptors. Adrenaline induced dual actions of decrease and increase of IVP at low and high doses, respectively. Adrenaline (at only high doses), noradrenaline and phenylephrine increased IVP but not clonidine, suggesting the predominance of alpha-1 receptors. Isoproterenol, salbutamol and clenbuterol decreased IVP to same extent and the effect of isoproterenol was markedly antagonized by propranolol and slightly by atenolol, suggesting the predominance of beta-2 receptors. ATP increased IVP dose-dependently but not adenosine, suggesting the predominance of P-2 receptors. Serotonin and prostaglandin F2 alpha also increased IVP. In aged rats, the maximal response to acetylcholine was lower than in adult rats and the decrease in IVP by low doses of adrenaline was not observed. These results suggest that the increase of IVP involves the participation of cholinergic M-2 receptors to a large extent and also serotonergic, adrenergic alpha-1 and purinergic P-2 receptors to some extent and that the responsiveness to acetylcholine is reduced by ageing.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical study of inpatients with urolithiasis during the past 10 years].

The 348 patients with urolithiasis admitted to our department between 1978 and 1987 were studied clinically. Male patients were predominant over females with the male-to-female ratio being 2 to 1. Of 404 uroliths, 389 (96.3%) were upper urinary tract stones, and 15 (3.7%) were lower urinary tract stones. Two hundred and sixty patients (74.7%) had a solitary stone, and 71 patients (20.4%) multiple stones. There were fewer patients with recurrent stones (42 patients, 12.1%) than non-recurrent stone formers. Methods of stone removal were variable including open and endourologic surgeries. The most frequent type of removal of stone was catheter extraction (92 patients, 39.8%). Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PNL) and transurethral ureterolithotripsy (TUL) were done on 6 (2.6%) and 5 (2.2%) patients, respectively. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) was not done at this hospital during this period. Spontaneous passage of stone was seen in 70 patients: stones in 38 passed after catheterization. Rate of spontaneous passage of stone in untreated group was 33.5%. Calcium-containing urinary stone was the most frequent type of stone according to analysis of 56 stones with the infrared spectrometry. In conclusion, 1) etiology of urinary tract stone in all recurrent stone formers and in all patients with multiple stones must be pursued, and 2) all stones either removed or passed must be subjected to infrared spectrometry. ESWL, TUL and PNL are expected to be the main modes of stone removal instead of open surgery and conventional catheter extractions in the near future.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Influence of phenacetin and its metabolites on renal function.

To investigate the pathogenesis of phenacetin-induced nephropathy, the influence of aspirin and caffeine on phenacetin metabolism was studied. Eight healthy male volunteers participated in the study after giving written consent. They were randomly divided into 2 groups. Phenacetin was given to one group, and phenacetin, aspirin and caffeine were given to the other group based on a cross-over design. Blood and urine were collected over a period of 24 hours. The urinary excretion and plasma concentrations of unchanged phenacetin, acetaminophen, acetaminophen glucuronide and acetaminophen sulphate were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The proportions of urinary excretion of these substances were not significantly different in the two groups. The pharmacokinetic parameters of these substances were also fundamentally identical. It may be concluded that aspirin and caffeine do not alter the phenacetin metabolism. However, other minor metabolites such as p-phenetidine must be closely investigated before we can draw any final conclusions.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the oriT region of the IncI1 plasmid R64.

The nucleotide sequence at the oriT region of the IncI1 plasmid R64 was determined. A recombinant plasmid carrying a 141-base-pair R64 sequence was mobilized with a normal frequency, while a plasmid carrying only 44 base pairs of this R64 sequence was mobilized with a frequency 1/10 that of the original plasmid. The oriT region of the R64 plasmid contains two inverted-repeat sequences.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1987

[Idiopathic calcinosis of the scrotum: a case report].

A 25-year-old man complained of painless, firm scrotal nodules which increased in number and size for the last 7 years. Physical examination was unremarkable except for many, firm painless nodules near the scrotal raphe. Preoperative diagnosis was multiple scrotal tumors of unknown etiology. Surgical excision was performed under epidural anesthesia. On microscopic examination, the nodules were located in the dermis and composed of calcified material which was positive with the von Kossa calcium stain. There were numerous foreign giant cells and dense fibrosis at the margins of the lesions. Idiopathic calcinosis of the scrotum was the final diagnosis. Although its etiology is unknown, the literature reviewed supported the view that the mast cell accumulation and its degranulation are related to idiopathic calcinosis of the scrotum.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[A case of multiple urothelial tumors with chronic renal failure].

We report a case of multiple urothelial tumors (left renal pelvis, ureter and bladder) with chronic renal failure in a 72-year-old man. The patient was admitted because of gross hematuria with increasing volume and intervals on September 14, 1985. Admission evaluation including excretory urography, retrograde pyelography, computed tomography and cystoscopy revealed multiple urothelial tumors in the left renal pelvis, ureter and bladder. Radical surgery, however, was postponed because of pneumothorax induced by an inadvertent insertion of the CVP catheter at operation. Subsequent respiratory disturbance persisted so that he was observed at the outpatient clinic following right ureterocutaneostomy. Gradual increase in anemia and decrease in renal function, however, prompted another admission. Gross hematuria necessitating frequent blood replacement could not be controlled by transurethral resection of bladder tumors. Therefore left nephroureterectomy with resection of bladder cuff was performed after internal arteriovenous shunt had been established, because favorable results regarding tumor resection were obtained from preoperative evaluations. He showed satisfactory recovery and was spared hemodialysis despite eventful postoperative course with transient decrease in renal function. The patient was discharged on 130th postoperative day and is now being followed up at the outpatient clinic. The relevant literature is also reviewed briefly.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical trial of CSF-HU (colony-stimulating factor derived from human urine: P-100) on granulocytopenia induced by anticancer therapy in urogenital cancer patients].

We examined the value of the CSF-HU preparation (colony-stimulating factor derived from human urine: P-100) to prevent or treat granulocytopenia induced by anticancer chemotherapy. Subjects were urogenital cancer patients who underwent two courses of the same chemotherapy regimen. Among these patients, we selected the subjects whose leucocyte counts were decreased to less than 2000/mm3 after the first course of anticancer chemotherapy. P-100 was administered from the following day of the end of the second course of chemotherapy at a dose of 8,000,000 units/day by intravenous drip infusion for 7 successive days. According to the global evaluation by consideration of changes in leucocyte and granulocyte counts, the utility rate by physicians was 52.4% (22/42), and that by a committee was 50.0% (18/36). No difference was seen in utility rate and efficacy rate according to P.S., cancer types and antineoplastic drugs used. Side effects were noted only in 2.3% (1/44) which was mild and transient fever. These findings suggest that P-100 is a very useful drug for prevention and/or treatment of granulocytopenia following cancer chemotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Effects of attention on auditory evoked middle latency potentials.

The effects of attention on the auditory evoked middle latency potentials (MLPs) were examined in 23 normal subjects. Early positive-negative-positive-negative waves (about 8, 11, 15 and 18 msec peak latencies) and a late positive one (about 30 msec peak latency) were recorded from the unilateral mastoid-nose tip. The amplitudes of the early portions of MLPs to binaural 50 dB SL clicks during attention decreased as compared to those obtained when the subjects were not attending to the test stimuli. No significant difference was seen in the latency of any early wave.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A study of auditory middle latency responses in relation to electrode combinations and stimulus conditions.

Auditory middle latency responses were recorded from healthy right-handed subjects. Acoustic clicks at a rate of 10/s were presented to the subjects via headphones. Using the electrode combination unilateral mastoid-nose tip, responses characterized by two early negative waves (about 11.5 and 18 ms peak latencies), followed by a late positive one (about 30 ms peak latency), were elicited by binaural stimulation (50-dB SL clicks). The waveform of responses from the unilateral mastoid-nose tip combination was similar to that recorded from a combination of the same side mastoid and a balanced noncephalic reference electrode, although the phase was opposite to that recorded from the Cz-unilateral mastoid combination. Auditory middle latency responses were recorded simultaneously from right mastoid and left mastoid and referenced to the nose tip; interaural differences in amplitude were found in most subjects. The amplitudes of the early components for binaural stimulation were larger than those for monaural stimulation.

Acoustic Stimulation↗