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Biomedical subjects

A Torres

Publications and source records attributed to A Torres.

At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

PHA reactivity of spontaneous AKR lymphomas: absolute macrophage requirement.

The study of patients with T cell lymphoproliferative disorders often demonstrates a reduced response to mitogens. The T cell lymphoma in AKR mice has been considered a classic experimental model of T cell leukaemias. In this paper ten spontaneous lymphomas from AKR mice were characterized individually in vitro for PHA reactivity. After 60 h. of culture, spontaneous 3H-Thymidine uptake by nylon wool purified spleen cells from individual lymphomas oscillated between 4.724 and 81.125 cpm. These nylon wool purified leukemic cells were not responsive to PHA (S.I. less than 2.5). When these cells were cocultured with an adequate macrophage concentration in the presence of PHA, all could be considered responsive to the mitogen (S.I. greater than 2.5). Results indicate that AKR leukemic cells are responsive to PHA in an absolutely macrophage dependent way.

AKR murine leukemia virus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of federal funding cuts on family planning services, 1980-1983.

According to data from surveys conducted in the past two years, some changes occurred in the provision of family planning services between 1980, the year before the 1981 federal budget cuts, and 1983. Six percent of the family planning agencies that were operating in 1980 had closed or had stopped offering medical family planning services by 1983. The annual income of the family planning agencies that continued to operate, adjusted for inflation, was lower in 1983 than in 1980. While Title X remains the principal source of family planning funding, the proportion of clinics receiving income from Title X declined substantially during the period under study; this drop occurred among all types of providers. There was a slight decline in the proportion receiving funding from the Social Services block grant (formerly Title XX) in 1983, but there was no change in the contribution made by the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) block grant (formerly Title V). The proportion of total clinic income represented by Title XIX (Medicaid) funds rose slightly during this period. Decreases in federal funding appear to have been partly offset by an increase in the proportion of total income contributed by state and local governments and by private sources, particularly patient fees. Indeed, the number of agencies that collected patient fees, the proportion of clinic income derived from such fees and the proportion of patients who paid at least part of the cost of their family planning services all increased between 1980 and 1983. A separate survey of providers shows that fees varied widely, depending on a woman's income and on the type of agency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Family Planning Services↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Family planning clinic services in the United States, 1981.

In the first 13 years after the federal government initiated support for family planning clinic services, there was a fivefold increase in the number of U.S. women obtaining these services from organized programs, from about 860,000 in 1968 to 4.6 million in 1981. This increase was due to the growth in the number of service providers and in the average number of clients served by each agency. Between 1968 and 1981, the number of provider agencies rose from about 1,400 separate agencies operating 1,800 clinics to 2,500 agencies administering 5,000 clinics. The average number of patients served by each agency increased from 600 to 1,800. Family planning clinics have continued to serve primarily low-income women; in 1981, four-fifths of the women served, or 3.7 million, had low incomes. In addition, an estimated 1.8 million low-income women obtained family planning services from private physicians. Thus, about 58 percent of the 9.5 million low-income women who were exposed to the risk of having an unintended pregnancy in 1981 made a contraceptive visit in that year; 39 percent went to clinics and 19 percent visited private physicians. Five million women 19 years of age or younger were at risk of unintended pregnancy in 1981; of these, 2.9 million (57 percent) obtained medically supervised family planning services--30 percent from organized programs and 27 percent from private physicians. Family planning clinic patients obtained contraceptive care from a variety of public and private health agencies in 1981.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The costs of contraception.

The cost of contraception is one factor that affects the choice of a birth control method. An analysis of the first-year costs for the various methods, based on fees charged by private physicians and supplies purchased at drugstores, shows that the cost can be considerable and that there are large differences in cost between methods. Prescription contraceptives--the pill, IUD and diaphragm--are by far the most expensive of the reversible methods because they require medical supervision, but supplies alone are also more expensive for prescription methods than for nonprescription methods. First-year cost is highest for the pill-$172, compared with $160 for the diaphragm and $131 for the IUD. The mean of $154 for these three prescription methods is almost four times the mean first-year cost of $40 for condoms and foam. Sterilization necessitates the largest initial expenditure, and the cost of tubal ligation-$1,180-is almost five times the cost of vasectomy-$241. However, sterilization represents a one-time cost, while the other methods involve recurring expenses that may add up to more than the cost of sterilization over time. The methods that are associated with the lowest failure rates-sterilization, the pill and the IUD-are among the most expensive. To offset the costs of contraception, 4.6 million American women obtained low-cost care from subsidized family planning clinics in 1980.

Contraception↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Does your mother know...?

Many teenagers inform their parents when they come to a family planning clinic. Most of those who do not, however, would stop coming to the clinic if their parents were told of their attendance, and a substantial proportion would have sex without using any birth control method.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[High frequency electrocardiography in the early diagnosis of myocardial damage in patients with Chagas disease].

The present study determines the degree of usefulness provided by the qualitative analysis of the high frequency EKG with Mc Fee's triaxial system in the detection of myocardial damage during the incipient stages of Chagas disease. The results show that only the descending phase of the wave which corresponds to the vertical axis, i.e. Y, detects some kind of cardiac damage in the initial stages of disease with a high specificity, if normal values of 0-3 notches are taken, but in detriment of the sensitivity which is relatively low. This method did not prove to be useful in the longitudinal study of chagasic patients. It is a method which is very simple to perform with an inter-observer variability of 7%.

Adult↗