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Biomedical subjects

A Tolle

Publications and source records attributed to A Tolle.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Ice XII in its second regime of metastability

We present neutron powder diffraction results which give unambiguous evidence for the formation of the recently identified new crystalline ice phase [2], labeled ice XII, in completely different conditions. Ice XII is produced here by compressing hexagonal ice I(h) at T = 77, 100, 140, and 160 K up to 1.8 GPa. It can be maintained at ambient pressure in the temperature range 1.5<T<135 K. Accurate structural properties are obtained from high-resolution diffraction carried out at T = 1.5 K. At T = 140 and 160 K additionally ice III/IX is formed. The increasing amount of ice III/IX with increasing temperature gives an upper limit of T approximately 150 K for the successful formation of ice XII with the presented procedure.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Fixed-dose, body weight-independent subcutaneous LMW heparin versus adjusted dose unfractionated intravenous heparin in the initial treatment of proximal venous thrombosis. EASTERN Investigators.

BACKGROUND: Body weight-adjusted subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) has been proven to be at least as effective and safe as dose-adjusted intravenous unfractionated heparin (UFH) for the treatment of patients with venous thromboembolism. However, body weight-adjusted dosage of low-molecular-weight heparin may be cumbersome and could lead possibly to incorrect dosing. Therefore a fixed LMWH dose, independent of body-weight, might rationalize initial treatment for venous thromboembolism. METHODS: Patients with proven proximal deep-vein thrombosis were randomly assigned to fixed dose subcutaneous LMWH Certoparin (8,000 anti-factor Xa U b.i.d.; 265 patients) or to adjusted dose i.v. UFH (273 patients) for 12 days. Vitamin K antagonists were started between day 3 and 7 and continued for up to 6 months. The primary outcome measure was a 30 percent or greater improvement in the Marder Score, as revealed by repeated venography on day 12 (end of the initial treatment). The secondary composite outcome measure included death, recurrent venous thromboembolism and major bleeding and was assessed at day 12 and after 6 months by a blinded adjunction committee. RESULTS: The Marder score improved by 30% or more in 30.3% and 25.0% of patients assigned to LMWH (198 paired venograms) and UFH (192 paired venograms), respectively (2p = 0.26). At the end of the initial treatment, the composite outcome was observed in 4 of the 265 patients (1.5%) randomized to LMWH, as compared with 14 of the 273 patients (5.1%) randomized to UFH (2p = 0.03). At 6 months these figures were 6.8% and 12.8%, respectively (risk reduction 0.53, confidence interval 0.31-0.90, 2p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Fixed dose subcutaneous LMWH certoparin is at least as efficacious as UFH in resolving proximal vein thrombosis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

[Occurrence and identification of enterotoxin-producing E. coli strains in milk and dairy products].

Enteric diseases caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli strains (ETEC) become more and more important all over the world. Frequently food is implicated as a vector. --From this the necessity arises to identify ETEC strains and/or their heatlabile (LT) and heat-stable enterotoxins (ST). The examinations carried out for the presented paper showed the following results: Detection of LT by coagglutination is a simple and rapid test and may be helpful for screening. Most suitable, however, is the application of ELISA which enables the detection of 1 ng/ml LT with a good reproducibility. For identification of ST the suckling mouse assay (SMA) yields reliable results. ELISA and SMA have proved to be useful in practice for examination of food samples. By means of these methods 157 E. coli strains predominantly isolated from milk and milk products were examined. Hereby, five ETEC strains could be identified (3.2%). For the purpose of food examination a procedure was developed which ensures a reliable and efficient identification of E. coli enterotoxin. The essential steps are enrichment in E.E.-broth, subcultivation in CAYE-2-broth, identification of LT by ELISA resp. coagglutination and the detection of ST with aid of the SMA. So, isolation of single colonies can be omitted, which is an essential advantage.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1979

[Results from the Central Laboratory for Streptococci Research in Kiel from 1965 to 1977 - a survey (author's transl)].

At the Central Laboratory for Streptococci Research at the Institute for Hygiene of the Federal Dairy Research Centre in Kiel a data bank has been established which comprises as well bibliographical data (until now more than 8000 titles out of the international literature concerning streptococci) as laboratory data of all strains which have been identified since 1965. For this present publication as a survey the total material covering 34,935 strains was analyzed and interpreted. Besides a short introduction describing the general examination procedure for streptococci and the encoding of results for the data bank the material is condensed in different tables considering the incidence of pathogenic species occuring mainly in man and animals. In addition findings of enterococci and lactic streptococci are presented. 41.8% of the strains examined were isolated from human specimens, 46.7% from cattle and the remaining ones from pigs, horses, dogs, laboratory animals and others. Only 2.0% of all cultures could not be identified as one of the known species. Remarkable observations are - the high incidence of group B-Streptococci in man - the unexpected frequency of typical "human" streptococci as those of group F and G and also Sc. milleri and Sc. MG in different animals - the possible interrelation of group L- and P-streptococci in pigs and cattle - the overlap of Sc. faecalis and Sc. faecium in man and animals showing no typical distribution as it is postulated in the literature - the high percentage of unidentifiable streptococci from pigs and laboratory animals as an eventual indication for some new species. In consecuting papers some problems emerging from the presented material and own experiments will be discussed as - interrelation of group B-Streptococci in man and cattle - incidence and importance of enterococci in humans, animals and foodstuffs and - classification of species not to identify by serological grouping.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Residues of chlorinated hydrocarbons in milk and milk products - situation and evaluation (author's transl)].

Residues of the most varied chemical substances can be found in milk and in milk products. For the transfer into milk such factors as fat solubility, persistance with respect to metabolic processes and accumulation capacity in certain organic systems are of particular importance. For the description of the situation with respect to residues of chlorinated insectides the results of analyses obtained in 20 supply areas of the German Federal Republic are presented and interpreted. In 1974 the following mean values were found (fat basis): alpha-HCH 0.04, gamma-HCH 0.072, heptachloro-epoxide 0.024, dieldrin 0.021 and DDT 0.20 ppm. These mean values are far below the max. quantities legally permissible and in no way constitute a toxicological risk (referred to ADI). In the German Federal Republic the concentrations of hexachlorobenzene in some cases reach the permissible max. quantity of 0.5 ppm on a fat basis. There is reason to assume that this substance finds its way into the milk not only via its application as a fungicide but probably also via a number of other, in part unknown, sources of contamination in or on vegetable products. With PCB (polychlorinated biphenyls) average concentrations from 0.2 to 0.3 ppm must be expected to be present in milk and milk products (fat basis). At present a toxicological interpretation of the values found is hardly possible.

Animals↗