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Biomedical subjects

A Tolaymat

Publications and source records attributed to A Tolaymat.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Parvovirus glomerulonephritis in a patient with sickle cell disease.

A child with sickle cell disease developed glomerulonephritis 10 days following an aplastic crisis induced by human parvovirus B 19 infection. An initial kidney biopsy showed focal proliferative glomerulonephritis, and 1 year later was compatible with focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Renal tissue, tested by polymerase chain reaction, was positive for parvovirus, while the patient's blood was negative. For the first time a direct relationship has been demonstrated between parvovirus infection and glomerulonephritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Hyponatremia in pediatric patients with HIV-1 infection.

Hyponatremia has been recognized as a complication in adults with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We did a retrospective study evaluating the medical records of 86 children (age 4 months to 21 years) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection to determine the frequency and clinical associations of hyponatremia. Twenty-two children (26%) developed hyponatremia (serum sodium < 135 mEq/L; range 104 to 134 mEq/L; mean 130 mEq/L). Fourteen were male; 18 of the 22 patients were black and 4 were white. At the time of hyponatremia, the children frequently had comorbid associations, including 8 (35%) with AIDS encephalopathy; 3 (14%) with cardiomyopathy; 3 (14%) using diuretics; 1 (5%) using pentamidine; 3 (14%) with bacterial pneumonia; 2 (9%) requiring gastric lavage feedings; 2 (9%) with tuberculosis meningitis; 2 (9%) with gastroenteritis; 1 (5%) with infection caused by Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare; 1 (5%) each with brain tumor and tumor metastasis to brain. The cause of hyponatremia was attributed to syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone in 8 children; poor sodium intake and/or excessive diarrheal losses in 5; and the use of diuretics in 3 patients. Mild hyponatremia with no identifiable cause was found in 5 patients.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMed1994

Pathophysiology of hypocalciuria in preeclampsia: measurement of intestinal calcium absorption.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze calcium absorption using stable isotopes in patients with preeclampsia and in normotensive controls. METHODS: Fifteen pregnant subjects were studied: eight with preeclampsia (hypertension and proteinuria) and seven normotensive controls. All patients were ingesting their normal diet. The subjects received two stable calcium isotopic tracers. An oral tracer (44Ca, 0.0124 mmol/kg) was given with milk, while an intravenous tracer (42Ca, 0.00249 mmol/kg) was infused over 7-10 minutes. Calcium concentration was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and isotope ratios by thermal ionization mass spectrometry from pooled 24-hour urine samples. RESULTS: No difference was noted in fractional intestinal absorption between preeclamptic subjects (0.282 +/- 0.051) and normotensive controls (0.306 +/- 0.079) (P = .49). However, the fraction of dietary calcium appearing in the urine differed significantly (0.06 for preeclamptic subjects and 0.087 for normotensive controls; P = .008). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the indirect evidence of others, calcium absorption does not appear to be impaired in patients with preeclampsia. The retention site of the unexcreted calcium is unidentified.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Systemic lupus erythematosus in a child receiving long-term interferon therapy.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) developed in a 10 1/2-year-old white boy with juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis who had been treated with interferon alfa-n1 for 7 years. His age, gender, and fast recovery after discontinuation of interferon therapy and institution of appropriate treatment for SLE are compatible with a diagnosis of drug-induced SLE. Autoimmune disorders may occur as a complication of interferon therapy.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1992

Idiopathic Fanconi syndrome in a family. Part I. Clinical aspects.

Fanconi syndrome is a rare cause of rickets in children. Only six families with Fanconi syndrome following an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance have been reported. In this report, the results of clinical studies performed in three generations of a family of 39 members with autosomal dominant Fanconi syndrome are presented. Twenty-one members of this family provided blood and urine for biochemical evaluation. Many family members have one or more tubular reabsorptive abnormalities; however, the complete Fanconi syndrome was not present in most members. Three children with the complete syndrome all occur in the last generation. When the characteristic features of this family were compared with those of previously reported families with autosomal dominant Fanconi syndrome, several differences became apparent. Two serious manifestations, diabetes mellitus and renal failure, which occur in previous reports did not occur in this family. This report provides information on apparently the largest number of affected individuals in a single family with Fanconi syndrome. In addition, variable expressivity of tubular reabsorptive defects in a family with Fanconi syndrome has never been reported.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Staphylococcus saprophyticus urinary-tract infection in male children.

Staphylococcus saprophyticus urinary-tract infection has been reported to occur in sexually active young females and in geriatric patients with obstructive uropathy. We are discussing two young male children with S. saprophyticus urinary-tract infection. We draw attention to this bacterium which is emerging as an important pathogen in children with urinary-tract infections.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Toxic shock syndrome caused by a strain of Staphylococcus aureus that produces enterotoxin C but not toxic shock syndrome toxin-1.

An 8-month-old infant presented with pneumonia and pleural effusion associated with clinical manifestation of toxic shock syndrome. A Staphylococcus aureus strain isolated from the pleural fluid produced enterotoxin C, but not toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 or other enterotoxins. Acute and convalescent sera showed an antibody rise to enterotoxin C but not to toxic shock syndrome toxin-1. These findings support the possibility that enterotoxin C was the primary toxin associated with this infant's illness.

Bacterial Toxins↗
PubMed1984

Acute rheumatic fever in north Florida.

Because of the declining incidence and severity of acute rheumatic fever reported in the United States and Europe, we reviewed our clinical experiences with 128 cases of acute rheumatic fever. No decline in the rate of admissions for patients with rheumatic fever was found in our hospital. The most common major manifestation of rheumatic fever in our patients was carditis, followed by arthritis. Chorea, erythema marginatum, and subcutaneous nodules were rare. Carditis was severe in 26% of the patients, moderate in 27%, and mild in 47%. A high percentage of our patients had residual cardiac lesions, and the mortality was higher than what has been reported in the rest of the country. We conclude that primary prevention of rheumatic fever in areas like ours should be continued.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Improvement of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with the portable insulin infusion pump.

A 16-year-old girl with insulin dependent (Type I) diabetes since age 9 and painful sensory neuropathy for two months was treated with a portable insulin infusion pump, allowing strict control of hyperglycemia. Within 28 days the distal motor latency in all nerves tested had improved and painful incapacitating dysesthesias disappeared. The findings suggest that strict control of hyperglycemia with a portable insulin infusion pump can successfully reverse the changes of recent onset diabetic neuropathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Typhoid fever in children: a forgotten disease?

All indexed cases of typhoid fever occurring in children over a ten-year period in Jacksonville, Fla, were studied retrospectively. This review revealed that anorexia was the most common gastrointestinal complaint and that neurologic symptoms and signs were nearly as common as gastrointestinal signs. There was a significant delay in diagnosis in most cases because typhoid fever was not included in the differential diagnosis upon admission. This is probably due to the decline in the incidence of typhoid fever in the United States and the resultant lowering of the index of suspicion for the disease on the part of physicians in general. Representative cases are presented in detail.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Pneumococcal endocarditis in infants.

A case of pneumococcal endocarditis in an infant is reported together with a review of seven cases previously described in the literature. The prominent presenting symptoms of this usually fatal disease consisted of tachycardia, tachypnea, and cardiomegaly. A new murmur was heard in six of the eight patients. Fever was infrequent. Blood cultures were positive when done. The mitral valve was the site of infection in seven of the patients. In contrast to adult patients, pneumonia and meningitis are rarely encountered in children with pneumococcal endocarditis. The disease was fatal in all four patients before the penicillin era and in three of four patients who received penicillin.

Cardiomegaly↗
PubMed1977

Acute glomerulonephritis in children: a review of 153 cases.

Clinical experience with 153 cases of acute glomerulonephritis is recorded. Streptococcal impetigo was the major causative factor in this series. The acute fatality rate was 1.3% (two patients). Of the 151 survivors, 103 patients have been followed up for periods of six months to 11 years. None of these patients have shown any evidence of progression to chronic glomerulonephritis. In this series, as in others previously reported, acute glomerulonephritis in children appears to be self-limited in contrast to the illness in adults, where 25% to 40% of the cases progress to chronic glomerulonephritis. Unusual findings in this survey were ten patients with minimal or no urine abnormalities. Ten patients had normal serum complement values and three patients had well documented second attacks of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Captopril therapy of recurrent nephrolithiasis in a child with cystinuria.

Traditional and current therapies for cystinuria have been difficult for patients, only partially effective, or associated with substantial risk of serious side effects. We present a case of cystinuria that has been managed for 1 year on captopril, with elimination of recurrent nephrolithiasis and with no observable morbidity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis and sickle cell disease.

In this paper, we describe a case of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis in a patient with sickle cell disease and review four other cases in the literature. Acute glomerulonephritis in patients with sickle disease frequently presents with anasarca, severe proteinuria, hypoproteinemia and normal complement. This presentation makes it difficult to differentiate acute glomerulonephritis from nephrotic syndrome associated with sickle cell disease. The prognosis of the two entities is extremely different; a renal biopsy may be needed to confirm the diagnosis.

Acute Disease↗