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Biomedical subjects

A Thomas

Publications and source records attributed to A Thomas.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Three types of response to mycobacterial antigens.

Responses to pathogenic and environmental mycobacteria were assessed in 2680 children in India and Sri Lanka using quadruple skin-testing with new tuberculins. Statistical analysis of the results, by fitting a log-linear mixture model, confirmed the presence of three different categories of response: category 2 non-responders (about 55%) did not react to any component of the mycobacteria; category 3 responders (about 40%) were sensitive to the species-specific group iv antigens; and category 1 responders (about 5%) were sensitive to the group i antigens which are common to all mycobacteria. The proportions of the three response categories vary with age and with BCG status. BCG vaccination and increasing age act independently to decrease the proportion of category 2 non-responders and increase the proportion of category 3 individuals. BCG vaccination and increasing age interact to increase the proportion of category 1 responders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

An unusual case of peritonitis.

Though peritonitis is a common complication in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD), tuberculous peritonitis has been reported in only twelve CAPD patients in the world English literature to date. Successful outcome in those reported cases involved antituberculous therapy and in the majority, catheter removal and conversion to maintenance haemodialysis. We report in this article our first case of tuberculous peritonitis in a CAPD patient. The diagnosis was made at laparotomy in our patient and she improved with antituberculous therapy. CAPD was continued without interruption. In haemodialysis patients, mortality from tuberculosis is reported to be high due to atypical presentation and delay in diagnosis. To avoid this delay, we recommend that the clinician have high index of suspicion for tuberculous peritonitis in CAPD patients with sterile peritonitis. Early diagnosis carries a good prognosis, and CAPD need not necessarily be discontinued in these patients.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Roundtable: what is temperament? Four approaches.

4 current approaches to understanding temperament are discussed in the roundtable. In an introductory overview, Goldsmith outlines some of the major convergences and divergences in the understanding of this concept. Theorists representing 4 positions--Goldsmith, Buss and Plomin, Rothbart, and Thomas and Chess--outline their views by responding to each of 6 questions: How do you define temperament and explain the boundaries of the concept? What are the elements of temperatment? How does the construct of temperament permit you to approach issues or organize data in ways that are possible only if this construct is invoked? How does temperament develop? To what extent do you consider temperament to be a personological versus a relational or an interactional construct? and How does your approach deal with issues of temperamental "difficulty"? In 2 commentaries on the theorists' answers, Hinde highlights differences among their positions and indicates issues that current theories of temperament must take into consideration, and McCall draws on common aspects to propose a synthesizing definition that draws on all 4 approaches.

Arousal↗
PubMed1986

The effect of neuraminidase on the molecular weight and the isoelectric point of the steroid induced alkaline phosphatase of dogs.

Isoelectric focusing and gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used to define the physical differences between canine liver alkaline phosphatase (LAP) and steroid induced alkaline phosphatase (SIAP). LAP has an isoelectric point (pI) of pH 4.3 and a molecular radius (Mr) of 100,000, while SIAP has a pI of pH 3.5 and an Mr of 110,000. After removal of sialic acid residues by neuraminidase, the two isoenzymes were still distinct. The pIs of both LAP and SIAP were increased with the pI of LAP becoming pH 4.7 to 4.8 and that of SIAP becoming pH 4.5 to 4.6. On gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate, SIAP gave a single band of Mr 100 000 after neuraminidase treatment, while LAP increased in molecular size in spite of the denaturing conditions of the electrophoretic separation.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1986

Cross-over trial of superovulation protocols from two major in vitro fertilization centers.

A study was undertaken as a controlled comparison of two different superovulation induction protocols currently in use in major Australian in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinics. Thirty patients each from the Monash University and the Royal Women's Hospital (RWH) IVF programs were stimulated for ovulation induction by the other program. Once timing for oocyte retrieval was scheduled, all care reverted to the program from which the patient first came. Results given as pregnancies per patient commencing stimulation were: RWH patients on Monash protocol, 27%; RWH control patients, 15%; Monash patients on RWH protocol, 7%; Monash control patients, 13%. In the year preceding the trial pregnancy rates were 16.9% at Monash and 10.6% at RWH. Stimulation protocols were also compared with respect to each of administration, cost, and patient stress. The results of this cross-over trial demonstrated major differences between the two ovulation induction protocols studied, although it was not possible to conclude that differences in pregnancy rate were due to stimulation alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Approximate computation of probability functions for pedigree analysis.

Approximation by factorization of R functions is considered as a way of making the peeling method for calculation of probability functions more efficient and applicable to larger and more complex pedigrees. We show that, in some situations, the method is not approximate but a simplified way of calculating the true probability functions. The entropy function is used for a measure of the quality of factorization. The method is illustrated by an analysis of the origin of the B allele in the ABO blood type system on Tristan da Cunha.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1986

Optimal computation of probability functions for pedigree analysis.

The problem of finding optimal peeling sequences is considered, and a correspondence between sequences and permutations of marriages is established. Several search methods, including random downhill search and the annealing algorithm, are compared. The topology of the space of all peeling sequences is discussed.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1986

Nulliparity in women with double primary cancers in both breast and endometrium.

A hospital-based diagnostic index revealed 340 women with endometrial carcinoma diagnosed over the 5-year period 1974 to 1979. On later review, 12 had histological evidence of a separate primary in the breast, developing either prior or subsequent to the endometrial primary. Fifty-eight per cent (n = 7) of these women were nulliparous, which was significantly greater than the nulliparity rate of 23% observed in a sample of the remaining women with endometrial cancer. The results from this small study suggest that the association of nulliparity with double primary cancers is greater than with endometrial cancer alone, though the findings need confirmation from the study of a larger series of such patients.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

Sclerosing haemangioma in Singapore.

The Singapore experience with 11 cases of sclerosing haemangioma of lung seen from 1970-1984 is analysed. There is female preponderance (9/11) and the majority (8/11) were asymptomatic. Seven patients were treated by wedge resection and 4 had lobectomies. Microscopically, the lesion had variegated growth pattern with characteristic polygonal cells present in the stroma. All patients were well after surgery. The longest follow-up period is 7 years with no recurrence seen. This is an unusual, distinctive and benign entity which should be distinguished from other inflammatory conditions in the lung.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Urine drinking.

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Animals↗