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Biomedical subjects

A Thiel

Publications and source records attributed to A Thiel.

162 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Effects of nitrous oxide and halothane on somatosensory evoked potentials after stimulation of the median nerve].

In 10 healthy adult subjects cervical and cortical somatosensory evoked responses (SEP) after median nerve stimulation were recorded. The recordings were performed before and after inhalation of 66 2/3% nitrous oxide (and 33 1/3% oxygen) and during additional inhalation of halothane in concentrations ranging from 0,5 to 2,0 vol%; end tidal paCO2 and tympanic membrane temperature were kept constant. Nitrous oxide caused a 50% amplitude reduction of the cortical responses while latencies remained unchanged. Latency of the primary cortical response N20 and central conduction time increased continuously with increasing halothane concentration, amplitude N20P25 and amplitude ratio R showed a further decrease. The sensitivity of SEP components to halothane anaesthesia increased with peak latency: Cervical SEP remained relatively constant even during deep anaesthesia, early cortical potentials showed latency prolongation and amplitude reduction, middle and long latency components were progressively diminished with increasing halothane concentration. These changes have to be considered, when interpreting cervical and cortical SEP recorded intraoperatively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Immunological examination of lymphocytes in patients with sarcoidosis and bronchial asthma (author's transl)].

Blood lymphocytes of 31 patients with bronchial asthma and of 20 patients with sarcoidosis were isolated and investigated for the following surface markers: E-receptors (E-rosettes, a T cell characteristic), Fc-receptors (EA-rosette assay), C3-receptors (EAC-rosette assay), surface immunoglobulins (immuno-fluorescence technique). In addition, the reactivity against allogeneic lymphocytes was tested in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). MLC properties were defined by homozygous reference cells (so-called LD-typing). HLA-typing was performed simultaneously. The results, so far, indicate in both disease groups a series of remarkable alterations of the lymphatic subpopulations. A marked diminution of circulating T lymphocytes was encountered in some cases. The immunological results are discussed in relation to pathogenetic aspects of the diseases.

Asthma↗
PubMed1978

[Prophylaxis of immediate and delayed reactions in exogenic allergic bronchial asthma (author's transl)].

In 14 antigen provocation tests in 12 patients with allergic bronchial asthma, an immediate bronchoconstriction could be demonstrated by whole body plethysmography and a delayed reaction in 6 other cases. The examinations were repeated after a single prophylactic application of 40 mg disodium cromoglicate. By this means, 10 of the 14 immediate reactions and 4 of the 6 delayed reactions could be completely or largely prevented; in 4 and 2 patients respectively the protective effect was unsatisfactory. In longterm experiments over 4--6 months an improvement in the findings was recorded in 9 of the 12 patients. A rare side-effect of disodium cromologlicate therapy is irritation of the respiratory tract, in some cases with not inconsiderable respiratory obstruction.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Estimation of regional cerebral blood flow levels in ischemia using [(15)O]water of [(11)C]flumazenil PET without arterial input function .

Determination of residual flow within the ischemic brain may be important in patients eligible for thrombolytic therapy. Conventional cerebral blood flow (CBF) quantification often cannot be achieved in these cases because arterial blood sampling required for the input function is prohibited. Quantitative CBF was measured in 20 patients with ischemic stroke using [(15)O]water and [(11)C]flumazenil PET with arterial blood sampling and compared with normalized nonquantified data of the same patients. For both comparisons, percentiles were derived, allowing the determination of a normalized blood flow level corresponding to an absolute CBF value below which 95% of all pixels are located. These normograms can be used to derive absolute CBF levels in milliliters per 100 g per minute from normalized data without the need for measuring an arterial input function.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CD27+ memory and CD27- effector CD8+ T cells are responsible for a decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines in HLA B27-positive subjects.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: AS and other spondyloarthritides (SpA) are mostly chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases characterised by a strong association with HLA B27. Recent data from our group have suggested that AS patients have a diminished secretion capacity of inflammatory cytokines, possibly associated with HLA B27. The aim of this study was to identify CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets responsible for the observed lower cytokine secretion capacity in HLA B27-positives. METHODS: Highly purified (> 98%) CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of HLA B27-positive AS patients (n = 13), healthy HLA B27-positive (n = 7) and -negative controls (n = 9) were stimulated for 6h with PMA/ Ionomycin and, after fixation, stained for surface markers CD45RA and CD27 and cytokines TNFalpha, IFNgamma, IL-4 and IL-10. RESULTS: CD27+ CD45RA- memory CD8+ T cells of HLA B27-positive subjects showed a significantly lower percentage of TNFalpha (median 71.4%) and IFNgamma production (median 69.7%) than HLA B27-negative controls (TNFalpha 85.1%; p < or = 0.027; IFNgamma 82.7%, p < or = 0.026). A similar result was also detected in CD27- CD45RA+ effector CD8+ T cells of which 43.2% produced TNFalpha and 66.3% IFNgamma in HLA B27-positive subjects, respectively, compared to 75.6% TNFalpha and 84.4% IFNgamma producing T cells in HLA B27-negatives (p < or = 0.045 and p < or = 0.062, respectively). For all CD4+ T cell subsets no significant differences between HLA B27-positive and HLA B27-negative donors were observed, regarding neither the frequency of IFNgamma, TNFalpha, IL-4 or IL-10 producers nor the coexpression of IFNgamma and IL-4 in memory subsets. CONCLUSIONS: HLA B27-positive subjects are characterized by a low proinflammatory cytokine production in CD8+ effector and memory T cell subsets. This suggests an influence of HLA B27 on cytokine production in antigen-experienced CD8+ T cells.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pulsatile flow pattern in cerebral arteries during cardiopulmonary bypass. An evaluation based on transcranial Doppler ultrasound.

Pulsatile wave patterns in basal cerebral arteries were studied by means of transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) in 11 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery. Different physiological states and technical parameters were demonstrated influencing wave forms delivered from a pulsatile CPB roller pump. The results gave evidence of the variability of pulsatile perfusion which may explain the inconsistency in the literature concerning its effectiveness in preserving tissue function. TCD proved to be a useful approach to define pulsatility of cerebral blood flow during CPB.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Are psychotropic drugs necessary for the treatment of anorexia and bulimia nervosa?].

This review summarises the results of psychopharmacological treatment studies on anorexia and, bulimia nervosa. Although several drugs have tested in patients with anorexia nervosa, the outcome of controlled studies has been disappointing. Trials of pharmacotherapy for bulimia nervosa have demonstrated that tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors significantly reduce the frequency of binge eating and purging. In some cases, psychotherapists should accept the necessity of psychopharmacological intervention, although this does not imply a known biological cause of the eating disorder. However, the significance of antidepressant medication in the overall treatment of anorexia and bulimia nervosa remains unclear.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A German version of the Eating Disorder Inventory EDI-2].

The paper presents a German version of the second revised edition of the Eating Disorder Inventory EDI-2 (Garner 1991). The EDI-2 is a self-rating inventory (self-report measure) with 91 items and 11 subscales designed for the assessment of attitudinal and behavioural dimensions relevant to anorexia and bulimia nervosa. It consists of the eight original subscales: drive for thinness, bulimia, body dissatisfaction, ineffectiveness, perfectionism, interpersonal distrust, interoception and maturity fears, and the three new subscales: asceticism, impulse regulation and social insecurity. The German EDI-2 was given to 71 patients with anorexia or bulimia nervosa, 30 patients with binge eating disorder, a control group of 186 women and a further control group of 102 men. In comparison to the female control group, patient groups showed significantly elevated means on all subscales. Item analysis revealed sufficient internal consistencies for all subscales except subscale 9 (asceticism) with Cronbachs alpha ranging from 0.58 to 0.90. Twelve of the 91 items showed poor item total scale correlations below 0.40. Factor analysis supported a six-factor-structure. Hence, the reliability and validity of the three new subscales was confirmed only partially. The use of the EDI-2 in therapy research and clinical practice is critically discussed.

Adult↗