Biomedical subjects

A Tewari

Publications and source records attributed to A Tewari.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

Effect of timing of palatal repair on the transverse development of maxillary alveolar arch in complete-cleft cases.

Forty cleft cases in the age range of 5-12 years where the palatal repair had been performed at 16-24 months (17 cases), 24-36 months (15 cases) and 36-72 months (8 cases) were assessed retrospectively, for the status of maxillary arch and were segregated as acceptable and unacceptable. Plaster casts were prepared from alginate impressions and their graphical reproduction using Huddart's technique, were used to measure the alveolar arch. Anterior palatal measurement (C-C') and posterior palatal measurement (P-P') of the cleft subjects were compared with that in the non-cleft matched controls. The 16-24 month group showed 41.2% acceptable and 58.8% unacceptable arch cases. The 24-36 month group showed that 73.4% had acceptable arches and 26.6% had unacceptable arches. In the 36-72 months group the arch was acceptable in 62.5% cases and unacceptable in 37.5% cases. It was concluded that palatal repair performed before 24 months of age adversely affected the maxillary growth, whereas most favourable growth of maxillary arch occurred when the repair was done between 24-36 months.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1991

Plaque pH modulations of children's favourite snacks.

Cariogenic potential of a few children's favourite snacks, assessed by evaluation of pH modulations on their respective consumption after 2,5,10,20,30 and 40 minutes compared to 10 percent sucrose control using pooled plaque method, in 8-12 years old children revealed lollipop (hard sucking candy) to be the most cariogenic and samosa without chutney to be the least cariogenic. The cariogenic potential of ice creams were similar, however, low as compared to sucrose solution of 10 percent.

Candy↗

PubMed1991

Comparative evaluation of the role of NaF, APF & Duraphat topical fluoride applications in the prevention of dental caries--a 2 1/2 years study.

The study was conducted on 1251 6-12-year-old children, to evaluate the effect of topical application of NaF, APF and Duraphat given at six monthly interval assessed after 2.1/2 years revealed the percentage caries reduction with sodium fluoride to be in the range of 20-24 percent on base line teeth and 30-33 percent on teeth erupted during study, showing more effect on newly erupted teeth. In APF group, the caries reduction was 32-37 percent, in the DMFT and DMFS-slightly more on teeth erupted during study than on baseline teeth. The dental caries reduction with Duraphat (NaF varnish) was in the range of 70-75 percent-slightly more on newly erupted teeth. Equally high degree of efficacy was also noted on occlusal surfaces. Duraphat showed the greatest public health potential.

Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride↗

PubMed1990

Anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibodies protect against lethal Escherichia coli infection and lethal tumor necrosis factor-alpha challenge in mice.

Potentially fatal physiologic and metabolic derangements can occur in response to bacterial infection in animals and man. Recently it has been shown that alterations in the levels of circulating cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-alpha occur shortly after bacterial challenge. To understand better the role of IL-6 in inflammation, we investigated the effects of in vivo anti-mouse IL-6 antibody treatment in a mouse model of septic shock. Rat anti-mouse IL-6 neutralizing mAb was produced from splenocytes of an animal immunized with mouse rIL-6. This mAb, MP5-20F3, was a very potent and specific antagonist of mouse IL-6 in vitro bioactivity, demonstrated using the NFS60 myelomonocytic and KD83 plasmacytoma target cell lines, and also immunoprecipitated radiolabeled IL-6. Anti-IL-6 mAb pretreatment of mice subsequently challenged with lethal doses of i.p. Escherichia coli or i.v. TNF-alpha protected mice from death caused by these treatments. Pretreatment of E. coli-challenged mice with anti-IL-6 led to an increase in serum TNF bioactivity, in comparison to isotype control antibody, implicating IL-6 as a negative modulator of TNF in vivo. Anti-TNF-alpha treatment of mice challenged i.p. with live E. coli resulted in a 70% decrease in serum IL-6 levels, determined by immunoenzymetric assay, compared to control antibody, thereby supporting a role for TNF-alpha as a positive regulator of IL-6 levels. We conclude that IL-6 is a mediator in lethal E. coli infection, and suggest that antagonists of IL-6 may be beneficial therapeutically in life-threatening bacterial infection.

Acute-Phase Reaction↗

PubMed1990

Preliminary report: effects of interleukin-1 on platelet counts.

Recombinant human interleukin-1 beta was given in 5 daily intravenous infusions to ten patients with metastatic malignant disorders as part of an antineoplastic trial. All ten patients experienced transient increases in heart rate, low-grade fevers, and rigors. A neutrophil-dominated 100% rise in leucocyte counts occurred 4-8 h after treatment. Leucocyte counts returned to baseline levels within 24 h of interleukin-1 beta infusion. A 50% rise in platelets occurred in response to interleukin-1 beta; the increase in platelet counts was first noted 6 days after treatment began and was sustained for 24 days after treatment. Interleukin-1 beta may therefore be beneficial in the treatment of conditions of thrombocytopenia associated with haematological disorders and chemotherapy for malignant disorders.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Mutational analysis of enhancer domains responsive to trans-activation by the X gene of human hepatitis B virus.

The X gene product of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) trans-activates the HBV enhancer. In order to identify domains responsive to trans-activation by the X gene, we introduced a series of mutations into the HBV enhancer and assayed the enhancer activities in the presence of the X gene product. Our results suggest that the EP domain of the enhancer is essential for trans-activation by the X gene.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1990

Antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides inhibit the expression of the gene for hepatitis B virus surface antigen.

The effect of a series of antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide [oligo(dN)] on the expression of the surface antigen (HBsAg) gene of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) was examined using hepatocellular carcinoma cells that contain integrated HBV genomes. Of a number of antisense oligo(dN)s tested, synthetic 15-mers directed at the cap site of mRNA and regions of the translational initiation site of the HBsAg gene were found to be highly effective and inhibited viral gene expression by as much as 96%. The inhibition was specific to the HBsAg gene and appeared to be at the level of translation. These results suggest a therapeutic potential for antisense oligo(dN) in the treatment of patients who are chronically infected with HBV.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1989