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Biomedical subjects

A Telenti

Publications and source records attributed to A Telenti.

119 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Idiopathic granulomatosis manifesting as fever of unknown origin.

Twenty patients with fever of unknown origin were found to have idiopathic granulomatosis of the liver, lymph nodes, spleen, or bone marrow. At the time of initial examination, these patients had persistent or recurrent fever and pronounced constitutional symptoms but few physical findings. The most common laboratory abnormalities were increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate in 18, abnormal results of liver function tests in 12, anemia in 11, and hypergammaglobulinemia in 10. Of the 20 patients, 14 required corticosteroids at the beginning of the illness for control of symptoms, especially fever. After 5 to 10 years of follow-up, an alternative diagnosis had been established in 5 of the 20 patients. Of the remaining 15 patients with fever and idiopathic granulomatosis, 6 are still receiving corticosteroids. Corticosteroid treatment did not result in progression or dissemination of an unrecognized infection. No clinical or laboratory abnormality helped to predict the need for long-term corticosteroid treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Persistence of pneumococcal antigens in sputum after treatment of pneumonia.

Persistence of pneumococcal capsular antigens (PCA) in sputum was studied by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) in 36 cases of pneumococcal pneumonia. Antigens were still detected 24 and 48 h after start of antimicrobial treatment, in 92% and 76% respectively of the patients with lobar or multilobar infiltrates. Persistence of PCA was associated with radiologic extension of lung infiltrate. CIE appears to be a valuable diagnostic tool for pneumococcal pneumonia, when treatment has been instituted before admission to the hospital.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Limits to potent antiretroviral therapy.

The availability of potent combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), also known as highly active antiretroviral therapy or HAART has changed the prognosis of HIV infection. However, the benefits have to be seen in the context of deficiencies of current therapy: failure to eradicate the virus, the slow and potentially incomplete recovery of the immune system, the high prevalence of resistance, and the potential for long-term toxicity. Treatment strategies need to take into account these limits to better target those HIV-infected patients who could benefit the most from antiretroviral therapy.

Anti-HIV Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis among HIV-infected persons in Switzerland: a countrywide 9-year cohort study. Swiss HIV Cohort Study.

We investigated tuberculosis transmission during a nine-year period (1988-1996) in a countrywide community-based cohort of HIV-infected persons in Switzerland (the Swiss HIV Cohort Study [SHCS]). We estimated the proportion of tuberculosis cases due to reinfection and relapse, and assessed factors which may increase the risk of tuberculosis transmission. HIV-infected persons were followed prospectively and molecular fingerprinting with insertion sequence (IS) 6110, 36-bp direct repeat, and IS6110-PCR was used to determine M. tuberculosis case clustering. Out of 7999 SHCS participants, 267 persons developed tuberculosis. 158 M. tuberculosis isolates from 138 patients were available for study. Molecular analysis identified 33 (24%) episodes of tuberculosis associated with 12 clusters including 2 to 8 patients. Two patients experienced reinfection, and nine had a relapse. Detailed contact investigation identified definite or possible epidemiological links between 21 of 33 cluster patients (64%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis did not identify any risk marker significantly associated with clustering. During a nine-year period, one fourth of tuberculosis cases were grouped in clusters within a selection of 138 HIV-infected patients. This may represent the lowest estimation of recently acquired tuberculosis infection. There were no large institutional or community outbreaks among HIV-infected participants of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Screening with a shell vial assay for antiviral activity against cytomegalovirus.

An assay based on the shell vial cell culture (SVA) was devised to assess differences in fluorescence patterns of 8 cytomegalovirus (CMV) strains incubated in the presence or absence of three antiviral substances. The drug concentrations selected for in vitro testing were in the range of peak serum levels achievable in humans (ganciclovir 20 microM, acyclovir 80 microM, and phosphonoformic acid 300 microM). Four days after inoculation of the shell vials, the cell monolayer was fixed, stained with a mixture of monoclonal antibodies to early and late antigens of CMV, and reacted with antimouse fluorescein-labeled globulin. Twenty microM of ganciclovir in the media inhibited the formation of plaque-like foci and specific cytoplasmic fluorescence of laboratory strain AD169 and four clinical isolates. Two documented resistant strains exhibited partial inhibition at 20 microM, and a clinical isolate exhibited incomplete inhibition in three or four occasions. None of the strains was fully inhibited by 80 microM of acyclovir; however, different degrees of partial inhibition were observed. All isolates exhibited high-grade inhibition by 300 microM of phosphonoformic acid. The SVA can be used as a simple screening test for anti-CMV substances and as a screening of CMV resistance to ganciclovir prior to quantitative testing by the more complex plaque reduction assay.

Acyclovir↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Polymicrobial fungemia: microbiology, clinical features, and significance.

In a retrospective study covering a period of 13 1/2 years, polymicrobial fungemia was documented in 22 (3.4%) of 645 patients with fungemia. These infections were hospital acquired and occurred in patients with significant underlying diseases. In terms of the clinical setting and features, predisposing factors, fungal species responsible, management, and mortality rate (59%), polymicrobial fungemia appears similar to the more common "monomicrobial" fungemia. With increasing numbers of patients at risk and improved laboratory detection of fungemia, clinicians will probably encounter increasing numbers of these polymicrobial bloodstream infections.

Adult↗