Erosive lichen planus of the mouth. A report on two cases.
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
A Taylor
Publications and source records attributed to A Taylor.
The effect of a refractory period upon randomly initiated nerve impulses as studied with an electronic model.
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Electronics↗
THE CONTROL OF A CANCER GROWTH IN EMBRYONATED EGGS.
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Journal Article↗
Recurrent acquired sideroblastic anemia in a twin pregnancy.
A woman whose sideroblastic anemia had relapsed with progestogen and combined oral contraceptive therapy suffered further relapses in a (twin) pregnancy. Previous reports exist of relapses both from progestogens and in pregnancy, and we postulate a shared etiology. Affected women considering pregnancy or sex hormone usage should be advised accordingly.
Adult↗
The role of nuclear scanning in head and neck surgery.
A number of procedures in nuclear medicine are available to assist the surgeon in evaluating pathologic conditions of the head and neck. Gallium-67 citrate scanning is occasionally useful in determining the extent of head and neck tumors but rarely can it detect an occult tumor and it cannot distinguish between an infection and a tumor. Technetium-99m pertechnetate can be used to evaluate diseases of the salivary glands including 123 and technetium-99m pertechnetate are commonly used to obtain images of the thyroid, but some malignant thyroid nodules will accumulate technetium-99m pertechnetate and the suspicious character of the nodule may be only appreciated by iodine scanning. The use of iodine 131 is generally limited to the detection of a substernal thyroid, therapeutic thyroid ablation, and the treatment of hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer. Bone scanning has been used experimentally to evaluate the healing of mandibular bone grafts and to detect local extension of primary head and neck tumors to skull and facial bones.
Abscess↗
Pain relief following cardiac surgery: a review.
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Analgesia↗
Eating behavior and pregnancy outcome.
The association between clinical eating disorders, maternal body weight, shape, and eating concerns, and the birth of low-birth-weight infants (LBW; less than 2500 g) was investigated using a retrospective case-control study. Eighty-eight women delivering LBW infants were interviewed and then divided into two groups--those delivering term, small-for-gestational-age infants (SGA; 37 or more completed weeks, n = 34) and those delivering premature infants (less than 37 completed weeks, n = 54). There were 86 reference women (CTRL) matched for age, parity, and health insurance status, who delivered babies with birth weights greater than 2500 g. In the week postpartum, women delivering term SGA, premature (PREM), and CTRL infants were interviewed using a semistructured interview. One section of this interview included a modified version of the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE), which retrospectively generated, over the previous 12 months, diagnosis of an eating disorder and maternal "normative" weight and shape concerns. In the 3 months before pregnancy, 32% of SGA women, 9% PREM women, and 5% of reference women were diagnosed as having a clinical eating disorder. Women with a past history of an eating disorder had no greater risk of delivering a low-birth-weight infant. Women delivering SGA infants, reported elevated eating disorder psychopathology postdelivery (Eating Disorders Inventory, EDI) and more disturbances in eating behavior before and during pregnancy. Unique predictors for delivery of a LBW term SGA infant were: low maternal prepregnancy body weight, smoking, low maternal weekly weight gain, and elevated EDI (Bulimia subscale). Unique predictors for delivery of a LBW premature infant were: lower maternal occupational status, vomiting in pregnancy, and lower dietary restraint. Women with disordered eating were shown to be at greater risk of delivering term SGA infants. Predictors of term growth retardation are partly determined by maternal behavior.
Adult↗
Calorie restriction increases light-dependent photoreceptor cell loss in the neural retina of fischer 344 rats.
We investigated the effect of > or = 8 months of 40% caloric restriction (CR) on photoreceptor cell loss in 12, 18, and 24 month-old Fischer 344 rats (N = 154). Rats were reared at the NIA Biomarkers Program, National Center for Toxicological Research. Photoreceptor cell density, assessed histologically, declined with age in both the CR-fed and ad lib (AL)-fed cohorts (P < 0.000), but declines were more pronounced in the CR cohort (P < 0.0005). The deleterious effect of CR was most pronounced in the central as opposed to the peripheral retina (P = 0.008), suggesting a light-dependent mechanism. Photoreceptor cell density was inversely associated with rearing under bright light (300-750 lux) as compared with rearing under lower illuminance (< or = 200 lux) (P < 0.0005). However, the deleterious effect of bright light on photoreceptor cell density was more pronounced in the CR cohort (P = 0.04). Effects of CR on circadian activity are likely to increase the actual light exposure of the CR cohort and may explain the apparent inability of CR to delay retinal aging in albino rats.
Aging↗
Guidelines for the use of imaging techniques for the investigation of venous thromboembolic disease.
The diagnosis of venous thromboembolic disease remains a difficult challenge. Chest radiography, ventilation/perfusion lung scanning, noninvasive leg testing, and pulmonary angiography were evaluated with regard to sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. The need for treatment, observation, or serial testing with respect to risks and benefits of treatment and likelihood of serious outcomes was evaluated. The evidence for conclusions was based on the methodology and values of the Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination. The Diagnostic Imaging Advisory Group of the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians developed eight recommendations.
Diagnostic Imaging↗
Mid-life women doctoral students rediscover "voice" in a community of scholarly caring.
Recent research indicates that doctoral study is for many "an excessively painful rite of passage" for which an "indefensible human price is exacted." For mid-life women doctoral students in nursing and education doctoral programs, this human price is sometimes paid in the currency of loss of personal voice. Because they often assume leadership positions after graduation, it is a significant loss to the professions when these women's mature voices are lost or even temporarily silenced. This article describes the design, findings, evaluation, and implications of an emancipatory inquiry entitled "Gifted Women: Doctoral Study As Heroic Journey." Simultaneously a participatory research project and curricular innovation, this unique 18-month project joined facilitators and participants as coresearchers in a workshop and four reunions that integrated feminist process with expressive, esthetic approaches. The results of this emancipatory inquiry showed that viewing doctoral study as a heroic journey enlightened these mid-life women participants to reclaim their personal voices, empowered them with the support of a community of scholarly caring, and emancipated them to undertake personally meaningful and scholarly dissertation research.
Adult↗
Effect of reusing suction catheters on the occurrence of pneumonia in children.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether disposable suction catheters can be reused in the same patient for a 24-hour period without affecting the incidence of pneumonia. DESIGN: The study design was a randomized controlled trial. SETTING: The study was conducted in the pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary pediatric center. SAMPLE: Subjects included 486 children with an endotracheal tube in place. OUTCOME MEASURES: The development of pneumonia, diagnosed with radiographic and clinical evidence, was the measure. Cost analysis was also undertaken. METHOD: Subjects in the study group (n = 241) were suctioned using the same catheter for a 24-hour period. Those in the control group (n = 245) had a new catheter for each episode of suctioning. RESULTS: Pneumonia developed in 14 members (5.71%) of the control group and in 12 members (4.98%) of the study group, a difference of 0.7% (95% CI, -3.3% to 4.7%). Cost analysis indicated a saving of Aust $4.14 per patient per day. CONCLUSION: Reusing suction catheters for up to 24 hours is both safe and cost-effective.
Adolescent↗
Distribution of blood lead levels in 1,047 Saudi Arabian children with respect to province, sex, and age.
Relationships between blood lead concentrations in 1,047 children aged 2 mo to 16 y and age, sex, and province (i.e., residence) were examined. The relationships were consistent with other studies, in which mean blood lead concentrations reportedly increased during the first 5 y of life, after which began to decrease, reaching a minimum at approximately 16 y of age. However, boys who were more than 6 y of age had higher blood lead concentrations than similarly aged girls. Blood lead levels of children living in the Eastern Province were higher than levels found in children from other provinces. Most of the children in this study who had elevated blood lead concentrations resided in small towns, e.g., Ehssa, Abqiq, Hofouf, rather than in cities such as Dammam and Dahran. Factors, such as socioeconomic status and cultural habits (e.g., diet, use of traditional remedies and cosmetics), may have contributed to this result.
Adolescent↗
Lead, erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and hematological parameters in normal maternal and umbilical cord blood from subjects of the Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia.
A survey was undertaken among 124 pregnant women living in Riyadh City to investigate the passage of lead from the pregnant mother to the unborn child. The mean maternal blood lead level was 5.49 +/- 2.6 micrograms/dl and for the umbilical cord was 4.14 +/- 1.81 micrograms/dl. Lead levels were higher in maternal than in the umbilical cord blood. The results are in agreement with other studies. In this study, an excellent correlation between the maternal and cord blood lead levels (r = .83, p < .0001) confirms the transfer of lead from the mother to the fetus. A weak but significant relationship was found between maternal blood lead concentrations and birth weight of newborns (r = -.271, p < .05), and it is concluded that low levels of lead exposure to pregnant women may be considered hazardous.
Adolescent↗
Lead exposure in the city of Arar, Saudi Arabia.
In follow-up to a case of lead encephalopathy, high prevalences of lead exposure (23%) and iron deficiency (60%) were found in children who lived in Arar, Saudi Arabia. Environmental factors had minor effects on the blood lead concentrations of these children. We concluded that traditional cosmetics and remedies were the major sources of lead exposure in this Arar population.
Acute Disease↗
Embolization of uterine leiomyomata: current concepts in management.
Transcatheter bilateral uterine artery embolization is a relatively new, but fast increasing modality being offered as an alternative to surgery for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids (myomata). Since its introduction in 1995, it is estimated that over 5000 procedures have been performed, despite little objective evidence of its efficacy in comparison with more traditional surgical procedures, e.g. hysterectomy, abdominal or laparoscopic myomectomy or hysteroscopic procedures. The enthusiastic uptake of uterine artery embolization is partly due to the fact that it can be performed as a day case, and is a means of avoiding surgery especially hysterectomy. However, the procedure is not without significant risks, and these are becoming clearer as more procedures are being reported. This review examines the procedure, its use and purported efficacy and discusses its complications and potential hazards.
Angiography↗
Randomized, controlled trial of behavior therapy for families of adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the short-term results of a controlled trial of Behavioral Family Systems Therapy (BFST) for families of adolescents with diabetes. METHODS: We randomized 119 families of adolescents with diabetes to 3 months' treatment with either BFST, an education and support Group (ES), or current therapy (CT). Family relationships, psychological adjustment to diabetes, treatment adherence and diabetic control were assessed at baseline, after 3 months of treatment (reported here), and 6 and 12 months later. RESULTS: Compared with CT and ES, BFST yielded more improvement in parent-adolescent relations and reduced diabetes-specific conflict. Effects on psychological adjustment to diabetes and diabetic control were less robust and depended on the adolescent's age and gender. There were no effects on treatment adherence. CONCLUSIONS: BFST yielded some improvement in parent-adolescent relationships; its effects on diabetes outcomes depended on the adolescent's age and gender. Factors mediating the effectiveness of BFST must be clarified.
Adolescent↗
A serial interface design to integrate bedside devices into patient monitoring systems.
While substantial progress has been made toward the development of the Medical Information Bus (MIB), there is a pressing need, today, to integrate bedside devices into patient monitoring systems. To help meet this need, SpaceLabs Inc. has developed serial interfaces that integrate various stand-alone devices into a patient monitoring system. The company makes available a Universal Flexport Protocol to manufacturers who wish to make their devices compatible with the SpaceLabs patient monitoring systems. This paper describes the design of the Flexport serial interfaces and the Universal Flexport Protocol.
Computer Peripherals↗
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of enalapril in patients with congestive heart failure and patients with hypertension.
The clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of enalapril and its de-esterified active metabolite, MK 422, were determined in eight patients with congestive cardiomyopathy and five patients with hypertension. After administration of single doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg enalapril in the congestive heart failure patients and 20 or 40 mg in the hypertensive patients, serum levels and urine elimination of enalapril and MK 422 were determined. Standing and supine heart rate and blood pressure were measured as was ejection fraction in the congestive heart failure group and renin activity, aldosterone levels, and converting enzyme activity in the hypertensive group. Apparent oral clearance after administration of 5 and 10 mg enalapril was lower in the congestive heart failure patients (0.6 +/- 0.2 and 0.7 +/- 0.4 L/min) than after 20 and 40 mg given to hypertensive patients (2.5 +/- 1.3 and 2.7 +/- 2.7 L/min). The elimination of MK 422 was also slower in the congestive heart failure patients (7.8 +/- 5.0 and 6.8 +/- 2.5 h after 5 and 10 mg enalapril, respectively, vs. 4.6 +/- 2.0 and 5.3 +/- 1.1 h after 20 and 40 mg, respectively, in the hypertension group). The enalapril area under the concentration-time curve increased disproportionately to dose increments in both groups, but was more pronounced in congestive heart failure. Twenty and 40 mg enalapril lowered the blood pressure by 2 h after dosing in the hypertension group, and peak effects were seen 4-5 h after dosing. Peak effects correlated with peak serum MK 422 concentrations but not with enalapril (MK 421) levels. Supine heart rates were unchanged after 20 mg, but increased after 40 mg; standing heart rates were transiently increased after 20 and 40 mg enalapril. Blood pressure was not significantly changed in the congestive heart failure group, and cardiac ejection fraction was unchanged. In the hypertension group, renin stimulation and converting enzyme activity inhibition were seen at 4 h and persisted for at least 24 h after administration of 40 mg enalapril. In summary, the clearance of enalapril and elimination of MK 422 was slower in congestive heart failure patients versus hypertensive patients. Therefore, slower onset and longer duration of drug effect might be anticipated in patients with congestive heart failure versus patients with hypertension during enalapril administration.
Adult↗