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Biomedical subjects

A Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to A Taylor.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The effect of iatrogenic trauma on the bone scintigram: an animal study: concise communication.

An animal study was performed to assess the effect on the Tc-99m phosphate bone scintigram of injury by needle aspiration or drill hole to metaphyseal and diaphyseal areas in immature and mature bones. Results showed that in 12 immature rabbits such trauma to metaphyseal regions had no effect on the bone image. Similar metaphyseal trauma in two mature dogs showed definite abnormalities on the bone image, but in one mature rabbit, no abnormality could be identified by scintigram. Diaphyseal trauma always gave a definitely abnormal bone image. Extrapolation of these results to humans should be cautious, but it suggests that needling or drilling in metaphyseal regions in neonates or young children probably does not affect later bone images.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Decreased sensitivity of early imaging with In-111 oxine-labeled leukocytes in detection of occult infection: concise communication.

Imaging with leukocytes labeled with indium-111 oxine is a sensitive technique for detecting sites of occult infection. Traditionally, imaging is performed 24 hr after injection. We undertook a prospective study of 35 patients (40 studies) with possible occult infection to see whether a 24-hr delay in imaging is really necessary. Patients were imaged at 1-4 hr and again at 24 hr after injection. The early images had a sensitivity of only 33%, compared with 95% for the 24-hr images. Of the seven studies that were positive on both early and delayed images, 71% had more intense uptake at 24 hr. There were no false-positive early images. We conclude that imaging 1-4 hr after injection with In-111 oxine-labeled leukocytes has a low sensitivity for detecting occult infection. However, a positive early image is specific for a site of infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in serum of patients suffering burns, blunt trauma, or myocardial infarction.

Medical records of 53 burn and trauma patients were reviewed to assess the possibility of myocardial damage. Except for electrophoretically detectable creatine kinase MB isoenzyme, none showed evidence of myocardial injury. Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme tests, electrocardiograms, myocardial pyrophosphate scans, clinical course, and results of (two) autopsies were all negative for myocardial necrosis or ischemia. Types of patient, number, mean peak value (U/L) for serum creatine kinase, and ranges of percentage MB isoenzyme were as follows. Burns from direct electrical contact: 28, 16 600, 0-29; electrical flash or other thermal burns: 10, 4340, 0-22; blunt trauma (mostly from automobile accidents): 15, 3430, 0-18; myocardial infarction: 57, 1520, 4-46. Evidently creatine kinase MB isoenzyme is nonspecific in burn and trauma patients and should not be the only test result used to assess myocardial involvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Unsuspected pregnancy loss in healthy women.

A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay was used to determine human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in serum samples obtained from 91 normal healthy women during 226 ovulatory cycles in which contraception was not being practised. Known conceptions occurred in 85 of these cycles; 74 ended in the births of live normal babies and the remaining 11 aborted spontaneously. Vaginal bleeding occurred at the expected time on the remaining 141 occasions and was accepted as normal menstruation by the patients; but concentrations of hCG consistent with pregnancy were detected in the serum of 7 individuals. Expressed as a proportion of conceptions, about 8% of human pregnancies are lost at such an early stage of development that the patients are unaware that conception has occurred.

Abortion, Incomplete↗
PubMed1983

Nucleotide sequence of the lysozyme gene of bacteriophage T4. Analysis of mutations involving repeated sequences.

The nucleotide sequence of the lysozyme (e) gene of bacteriophage T4 and approximately 130 additional nucleotides on each side has been determined. The 5'-end of the gene for internal protein III appears to be located about 70 base-pairs from the 3'-end of the lysozyme gene. Nucleotide sequence analysis of mutant e genes confirmed that three identified hotspots of frameshift mutations are runs of five A nucleotides in the wild-type gene. The endpoints of two deletions are direct repeats of eight base-pairs in the wild-type gene. Two frameshift mutations with high reversion frequencies are duplications of five or seven base-pairs. The cloning and nucleotide sequence determination of the lysozyme gene will facilitate further study of the molecular biology of T4 lysozyme.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Synaptic noise-triggered averaging as a technique for investigating the origin of EPSPs.

A method to investigate the origin of EPSPs has been introduced and its application to recordings from spinal motoneurons allows an estimate to be made of the proportion of spontaneous EPSPs being of monosynaptic muscle afferent origin. Furthermore its application to the largest muscle stretch evoked EPSPs indicates that they can be of either monosynaptic muscle spindle Ia action or can be interneuronally mediated.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1983

Effects of new insulins on insulin and C-peptide antibodies, insulin dose, and diabetic control.

24 diabetic patients stabilised on conventional bovine insulins and possessing insulin antibodies underwent a study of the immunological and clinical consequences of changes in both purity and species of their insulin preparations. After a 2-month run-in period patients were treated for 3 consecutive 4-month periods with (a) purified bovine insulin (20-40 ppm proinsulin), (b) highly purified porcine insulin, and (c) semisynthetic human insulin, without elective dose changes. Mean insulin antibody levels changed little on purified bovine insulin (22.2 leads to 23.4 micrograms/l) but fell on highly purified porcine (23.4 leads to 12.9 micrograms/l) and remained much the same on Semi-Synthetic human insulin. In contrast, C-peptide antibodies fell significantly and continuously throughout the study. The slower rate of fall in C-peptide antibody levels is likely to be due to the prolonged half-life of circulating exogenous proinsulin in the presence of insulin antibody. Although insulin dose remained constant the incidence of hypoglycaemic episodes did not increase and glycosylated haemoglobin levels rose significantly when patients were on porcine insulin. The deterioration in diabetic control may have been due to greater temporal mismatch between insulin needs and insulin availability with pork or human insulin than with beef insulins, and to reduced insulin antibody levels. The use of purer insulins which more closely resemble the human form can cause a significant reduction in levels of insulin and C-peptide antibodies. Although these changes may have other benefits they do not necessarily produce better diabetic control. Subcutaneous insulin regimens need to be tailored to the individual patient and, indirectly, to his antibody status.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Changes in the rate of laminin and entactin synthesis in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells treated with retinoic acid and cyclic amp.

The synthesis of laminin A and B chains, and of entactin, has been measured in murine F9 embryonal carcinoma cells differentiating in response to retinoic acid and cyclic AMP. Undifferentiated cells synthesis low levels of laminin, amounting to approximately 0.02% of the [35S]methionine incorporated into cytoplasmic protein during a 15-min pulse. After 6 days induction, laminin synthesis has increased 15- to 20-fold. Undifferentiated F9 cells synthesise more intracellular laminin B2 chains (Mr 225,000) than B1 chains (Mr 225,000), but the excess B2 chains are apparently not assembled into the secreted laminin molecule. Indirect immunofluorescence shows faint cytoplasmic staining and short fibrils of laminin between the undifferentiated F9 cells.

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine↗
PubMed1983

Location of the Rz gene in bacteriophage lambda.

We report the nucleotide sequence of the Tn903 insertion in phage lambda dk23 identifying the Rz gene. The insertion is located after bp 46008 in the lambda nucleotide sequence. This is 43 bp after the start of the Rz gene, which is 459 bp long. Complementation experiments verify that the lysis defect in the lambda Rz::Tn903 mutant lies on a restriction fragment spanning the lysis region.

Bacteriophage lambda↗
PubMed1983

The qualitative I-131 Hippuran renogram. A potential problem.

The I-131 Hippuran renogram time activity curve is usually generated by assigning computer assisted regions of interest over each kidney. Qualitative whole kidney renogram curves can be misleading when there is a nonobstructed but dilated collecting system or asymmetrical excretion of the tracer from the renal collecting system. This problem can be minimized by generating an additional renogram curve from a region of interest assigned over each renal cortex.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Renal gallium accumulation in the absence of renal pathology in patients with severe hepatocellular disease.

Visualization of Ga-67 citrate in the kidneys at 48 hours and 72 hours post injection is usually interpreted as evidence of renal pathology. In reviewing approximately 200 consecutive patients referred for gallium scans, 40 patients who also underwent liver/spleen Tc-99m sulfur colloid (SC) studies within one month of the gallium study were identified. Fourteen of these patients showed advanced hepatocellular dysfunction on the Tc-99m SC liver/spleen images. Of these 14 patients, nine had persistent renal accumulation of gallium at 48 or 72 hours. Five of these nine patients had no evidence of primary renal disease by clinical or postmortem examination and subsequent clinical information indicated that two additional patients probably had no significant renal pathology. Therefore, bilateral symmetrically increased renal uptake of gallium in patients with advanced hepatocellular disease should not necessarily be interpreted as evidence of renal pathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Some new aspects of the endocrinological response to pregnancy.

Serial measurements of serum progesterone, oestradiol, prolactin, human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and human placental lactogen (hPL) have been determined in 32 healthy women at regular intervals throughout pregnancy. The data confirm previous reports that levels of these hormones vary widely between individuals at each stage of gestation, but further analyses have shown two other features: first there is a clear tendency for individuals to retain their rank in the spectrum of hormone values throughout pregnancy; second when the concentrations of the individual hormones (except hCG) are transformed to logarithmic values, the trends within individuals approximate well to straight lines during the second and third trimester of pregnancy. These findings provide a relatively simple method for describing the rates of change in the concentrations of these hormones and for examining possible relations between them. They also suggest that the quality of the maternal endocrine milieu may be determined at an early stage of gestation.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1983

Interpretation of fusimotor activity in cat masseter nerve during reflex jaw movements.

Simultaneous recordings were made from fusimotor axons in the central ends of filaments of the masseter nerve, and from masseter and temporalis spindle afferents in the mesencephalic nucleus of the fifth cranial nerve in lightly anaesthetized cats. Fusimotor and alpha-motor units in the masseter nerve were differentiated on the basis of their response to passive ramp and hold stretches applied to the jaw. Spindle afferents were identified as primary or secondary according to their dynamic index after administration of suxamethonium. The activity of a given fusimotor unit during reflex movements of the jaw followed one of two distinct patterns: so-called 'tonic' units showed a general increase in activity during a movement, without detailed relation to lengthening or shortening, while 'modulated' units displayed a striking modulation of their activity with shortening, and were usually silent during subsequent lengthening. Comparison of the simultaneously recorded fusimotor and spindle afferent activity suggests that modulated units may be representative of a population of static fusimotor neurones, and tonic units of a population of dynamic fusimotor neurones. In these lightly anaesthetized animals, both primary and secondary spindle afferents showed increased firing during muscle shortening as well as during lengthening. This increase during shortening is not usually seen in conscious animals and reasons are given for the view that it is due to greater depression of alpha-motor activity than of static fusimotor activity during anaesthesia. The results are discussed in relation to the theories of 'alpha-gamma co-activation' and of 'servo-assistance'; and it is suggested that static fusimotor neurones provide a 'temporal template' of the intended movement, while dynamic fusimotor neurones set the required dynamic sensitivity to deviations from the intended movement pattern.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1983

Purification and immunochemical properties of Escherichia coli B polysaccharide cross-reacting with Salmonella typhi Vi antigen: preliminary evidence for cross-reaction of the polysaccharide with Escherichia coli K1 antigen.

An acidic polysaccharide of Escherichia coli B was isolated by a mild procedure and purified to homogeneity. The polysaccharide was found to react in Salmonella typhi Vi antisera and E. coli K1 antisera. Serological analysis and preliminary chemical characterization of the polysaccharide indicated that it is an aminouronic acid polymer which, although not structurally identical to either Vi or K1, appears more like the Vi antigen, both immunochemically and chemically.

Antigens↗