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Biomedical subjects

A Tasman

Publications and source records attributed to A Tasman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

The application of electrophysiology to research in alcoholism.

Recent findings from the application of electrophysiologic measurement techniques to research in alcoholism are reviewed. Computerized electroencephalography has detected subtle but significant differences in the information processing abilities of alcohol research subjects compared to control subjects. The differences may reflect the effects of a paternal history of alcoholism; the effects of acute, progressive, and chronic alcohol use; or the effects of abstinence following dependence on ethanol. Because they are revealed in several paradigms and across stimulus modalities, the electrophysiologic findings are robust. The results are clearest in response to visual stimuli and in tasks requiring active attention and evaluation of stimulus properties. Methodological and technical problems associated with the research are also reviewed.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1990

[Angioneurotic edema of the tongue, induced by administration of ACE inhibitors].

Inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme can rarely cause an angioneurotic edema of the upper airways. This complication depends on the interaction with hormones regulating the vascular resistance such as the kallikrein kinin and the prostaglandin systems. We present two cases of angioneurotic edema of the tongue induced by inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme. We describe the symptoms of this side effect and discuss possible therapeutic approaches.

Angioedema↗
PubMed1989

The academic dilemma of the inpatient unit director.

Inpatient units in academic departments are typically directed by junior faculty members, who quickly abandon these positions for less demanding, more rewarding jobs. These frequent turnovers in the directorship compromise the clinical, research, and educational functions of the inpatient unit. The authors believe that the average inpatient director's truncated term can be traced to two causes: an exacerbation of the junior faculty member's developmental crisis by factors intrinsic to the inpatient unit and a disparity between the expectations for academic productivity and the opportunities for scholarly activity. These conflicts are elaborated and pragmatic ways of relieving this situation are suggested.

Burnout, Professional↗
PubMed1989

Delusional misidentification involving the self.

The delusion of replacement of one's self by a double or imposter is a feature of two delusional misidentification syndromes. In the syndrome of subjective doubles, the self-delusional misidentification syndromes. In the syndrome of subjective doubles, the self-delusion is the sole delusion of doubles. In the Capgras syndrome, the delusion of a self-double is infrequently reported; however, when it is reported, self-replacement is always accompanied by delusions of duplication of other people and sometimes of places. We review all such cases reported since 1900 and highlight the variety of presentations.

Delusions↗
PubMed1986

Correlates of increased risk for alcoholism in young men.

Healthy men, aged 21-28, were divided into two groups according to the DSM-III diagnosis of alcoholism in their biological fathers. Evoked potentials from each subject were measured according to a visual odd-ball paradigm designed to elicit large responses in the midline parietal, Pz, lead. Subjects with alcoholic fathers produced significantly smaller amplitudes of the P3 component compared to subjects with non-alcoholic fathers. Reaction time, task difficulty and subject drinking history did not distinguish the groups. Subject's drinking history was not related to P3 amplitude.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of three systems for diagnosing borderline personality disorder.

The authors assessed three systems for diagnosing borderline personality disorder: DSM-III, the checklist criteria of Spitzer et al., and the Diagnostic Interview for Borderline Patients. In an inpatient sample of 51 patients, 43 (84%) met the criteria of at least one of these systems; analyses were carried out on 28 of these patients. Twelve (43%) of these 28 patients met criteria for all three systems, seven (25%) for two systems, and nine (32%) for only one system. Kernberg's structural criteria showed reasonable overlap with the other diagnostic criteria. Affective disorders were prominent across diagnostic measures in this sample of borderline patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Model referenced method of evoked potential analysis.

We have described a method for identifying component wave forms of evoked potentials by reference to a model of the dynamic behavior of neuronal systems. The method parsimoniously reproduces measured data and provides a means for utilizing a priori information from sets of experimental data to discriminate between experimental variables. The method appears successful in quantifying the physiologic variability in the amplitude, shape and latency of EP component wave forms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Perspectives on borderline subtypes--overview of current research.

This paper has reviewed recent efforts to subtype patients within the borderline group. An overview of current definitions of the borderline syndrome was followed by a critical evaluation of recent empirical investigations designed to subtype within the larger domain of borderline pathology. Studies of borderline patients have, in large part, been based on the descriptive-phenomenological approach. It has been argued that while establishing a reliable diagnosis based on signs and symptoms provides internal validation for current theories of the borderline syndromes, studies providing external validating criteria are sorely needed.

Borderline Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1983

Effect of midbrain stimulation on amphetamine-induced stereotypy in rats.

Behavioral changes were induced in rats by administration of high doses of amphetamine (5 mg/kg): among these was the development of rapid sniffing. The effect of electrical stimulation of the midbrain periaqueductal gray was then examined. This stimulation is known to release an enkephalin-like substance into the ventricular spinal fluid and to induce analgesia. Stimulation blocked amphetamine-induced sniffing. This effect was blocked in turn by pretreatment with naloxone, a specific opiate antagonist. We discuss this finding in the context of opiate-catecholamine antagonism in the CNS.

Amphetamines↗
PubMed1983

A model referenced method for the identification of evoked potential component wave forms.

Visual evoked potentials from rat visual cortex are described as the sum of components. Each component wave form is based on a mathematical model of neural activity. The model referenced approach yields an accurate description of the evoked potential wave forms before and after administration of an anesthetic known to alter neural activity. Thus, the method is efficient, is based in neurophysiology and is sensitive to drug effect on brain activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Spectral analysis of photic stimulation in migraine.

In seeking an electrophysiologic discriminator of migraine, we applied computer technology to power spectral analysis of the EEG with photic stimulation. In 11 normal volunteers and 11 migraineurs (both classic and common) we were able to classify all migraineurs and misclassified only one normal based on the spectral analysis. The discriminator contained 5 elements: the increased driving power of migraineurs with photic stimulation at 24 flashes/sec, 34 flashes/sec, and 38 flashes/sec; and the increased power in the alpha band in both parietal and occipital leads at 20 flashes/sec. Power spectral analysis in conjunction with photic stimulation may provide the necessary data for effective discrimination of migraine from non-migraine states.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Neuroleptic drug effects on average evoked response augmentation-reduction in rats.

The hypothesis that one of the effects of neuroleptic medication is the induction of a reducing response in the average evoked response (AER) was explored in rats. Periodic AER recordings were made in rats receiving either haloperidol or chlorpromazine, and following the drugs discontinuance. When compared to a group of rats which received no drugs, the drug groups showed a significant trend toward increased AER reducing. This effect was delayed from the beginning of drug administration, and reached a maximum following drug discontinuation. Suggestions are made regarding the significance of these findings for further investigations into mechanisms of neuroleptic effect and mechanisms of the augmentation-reduction phenomenon of the AER.

Animals↗