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Biomedical subjects

A Tarkkanen

Publications and source records attributed to A Tarkkanen.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Mulibrey nanism, an autosomal recessive syndrome with ocular involvement.

Mulibrey nanism is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by a growth failure of pre-natal onset and several associated dysmorphic features. On ophthalmoscopy the optic disc and macula have a normal appearance while the midperiphery and more peripheral areas have revealed hypopigmentation and pigment scattering. By fluorescein angiography areas of focal choroidal hypoplasia have been noted. Histopathological examination of a typical case revealed atrophy of the corneal epithelium and thickening of the Bowman's membrane. The optic nerve and the macula appeared normal while the midperiphery showed focal choroidal hypoplasia with marked atrophy of the retina and of the pigment epithelium. Occasional drusen were also noted in this area. The findings do confirm the hypothesis that the choroidal changes represent one further manifestation originating from mesodermal tissues in these patients.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1982

Microsurgery of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous.

6 patients with persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) were operated on using microsurgical techniques. There were 5 boys and 1 girl, all with normal birth weight and good general health. PHPV was present in the left eye in 4 patients, in the right eye in 1, and 1 patient had bilateral PHPV. The operative management consisted of a primary large-sector iridectomy (in 4 cases) and suction of the lens, combined with removal of the hyperplastic vitreous using a Klöti Vitreous Stripper in 5 patients, and small anterior chamber scissors in 1 patient. No major operative complications were experienced. The fundus was fully visible in 5 cases while in 1 eye remaining and new proliferations prevented visualization of the fundus. Postoperative visual acuity varied from light perception to 0.2 and the intraocular pressure was within normal limits. It was felt that a useful reserve eye was obtained, with marked improvement of the ocular cosmesis.

Female↗
PubMed1981

Incidence of loss of vision in the healthy eye in amblyopia.

In Finland during the 20-year period 1958-78 35 patients with amblyopia lost the vision of the healthy eye. In more than 50% the cause was traumatic. The incidence of the loss of the healthy eye was 1.75 +/- 0.30 per thousand. During the same period in Finland the overall blindness rate of children was 0.11 per thousand and of adults aged 15-64 years 0.66 per thousand. For the amblyopic patient the risk of becoming blind is markedly higher than for the general population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Histopathology of clinically successful intraocular lens implant.

A 50-year-old man had an intracapsular cataract extraction with placement of a Worst medallion iris-supported lens. After 6 days postoperatively the eye appeared quiet, the cornea was clear and the implant in place. The patient died 17 days postoperatively of subarachnoid haemorrhage. Histopathological examination revealed slight loss of endothelial cells in the upper corneal region, pressure atrophy without signs of repair of the iris stroma, loss of pigment epithelial cells of the iris in places as well as local pigment epithelial cell proliferations. The chamber angle was open and the anterior uvea revealed only a minimal inflammatory cell reaction. The unoperated opposite eye showed cortical cataract as well as advanced hypertensive retinopathy.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1980

Creutzfeld-Jakob disease.

The eyes of two patients with Creutzfeld-Jakob disease were received at autopsy and examined for any specific changes. Previous clinical examination of one of the patients had failed to reveal any specific ocular changes. No evidence for an infectious agent was found in any portion of the eye. The cornea and the retinal were structurally intact. The axons and the glial elements of the optic nerve head were intact. However, increased cellularity, consisting mainly of astrocytes, was noted in the optic nerves in front of and behind the lamina cribrosa.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1979

Mediastinal embryonal carcinoma with bilateral choroidal metastases. Fluorescein angiographic and histopathologic study.

28-year-old sportsman developed chest pain, dyspnoea, haemoptysis and swelling of the right leg. 8 weeks later he also complained of blurred vision. Ophthalmoscopy revealed subretinal infiltrates diagnosed as tumour metastases by fluorescein angiography. The patient died 10 weeks after the first symptoms. At autopsy large mediastinal embryonal carcinoma was diagnosed, and both eyes revealed choroidal metastases. This rare tumour usually involves young men and is invariably fatal within a few months. Exceptional bilateral choroidal metastases constituted the presenting sign.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Retrolental fibroplasia. Cases seen at the Helsinki University Eye Hospital 1956-1974.

In the period 1956-1974, 31 new cases of retrolental fibroplasia (RLF) were diagnosed at the Helsinki University Eye Hospital. All were alive in 1974. 90% weighed less than 1500 g at birth and the gestational age of less than 30 weeks at birth was present in 85%. All patients had required supplementary oxygen during the first weeks of life. 84% of the eyes had visual acuity of finger counting 1 m or less and when classified according to the corrected visual acuity in the better eye, 71% of the patients were practically blind according to the classification by Rintelen. 81% of the eyes showed one of the cicatricial stages of RLF, III to V, and 45% showed the grade V of the disease. 11% of the eyes showed corneal opacities, 44% a flat or absent anterior chamber, 11% had intraocular pressure of greater than or equal to 30 mmHg and 21% showed lenticular opacities. When the period of the observation was surveyed, it was found that during the latter half of the observation period, twice as many new cases of RLF were born. At a rough estimate it was calculated that in 1956-1974 at least 50 new cases of RLF developed in Finland.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1978

Cataract and pseudoexfoliation. A clinicopathological study.

100 lenses from 98 consecutive patients with senile cataract were investigated histologically for pseudoexfoliation. The patients came from an area known for its high incidence of pseudoexfoliation. The examiner was not aware of the clinical examination at the time of histopathological study. Pseudoexfoliation was observed in 33 lenses. There seemed to be an increasing incidence of pseudoexfoliation with increasing age of the patients. Only 16 of the cases of pseudoexfoliation had been recorded preoperatively, but routine pupillary dilatation had not been carried out. The use of alpha-chymotrypsin at cataract extraction did not preclude histological diagnosis of pseudoexfoliation.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Measles retinopathy during immunosuppression.

A 14-year-old boy had an acute attack of measles while on cytotoxic chemotherapy for a testicular neoplasm. Two months later a fatal measles encephalopathy developed, verified by histological, ultrastructural, and immunofluorescent studies. Ophthalmoscopy showed progression of flat depigmented areas of the retina as well as prominent lesions mimicking central serous retinopathy or retinitis. Histopathological studies showed focal retinal necroses with invasion of pigment-laden macrophages into the retina. There were no inflammatory cell infiltrations in the choroid. The presence of structures with the morphological and antigenic properties of measles virus in the affected areas of the retina was shown by electron microsocpy and indirect immunofluorescence. With the increase of immunosuppressive therapy for various purposes the incidence of opportunistic measles virus infections is likely to rise. In the clinical management of such complications ophthalmological examination may prove very helpful.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Causes of enucleation following cataract surgery.

Between the years 1962 and 1976 85 eyes which had undergone cataract surgery were accessioned to the Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory of the Helsinki University Eye Hospital. The specimens were submitted from the various eye departments of the country. Of these 8k eyes nine had been enucleated within 2 months after surgery while in 64 cases the enucleation had been performed more than 12 months after surgery. 40 eyes had had an attempted operation for senile cataract, 30 eyes for traumatic cataract while the remaining cases were congenital cataract cases or cataracts in pre-existing glaucomatous or chronic uveitis eyes. Most frequent causes for the loss of the eyes were related to incomplete or abnormal healing of the operative wound such as epithelial down-growth and closure of the chamber angle with extensive anterior synechiae leading to absolute glaucoma. It is noteworthy that all cases of epithelial downgrowth were derived from the beginning of the observation period. No new cases were obtained after 1969. Other important causes were purulent endophthalmitis and retinal detachment. Haemosiderosis was a prominent cause in the group with traumatic cataract. A careful histopathological analysis of eyes enucleated after cataract surgery is mandatory as it is from the complications we learn most in cataract surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Late ocular manifestations in neonatal herpes simplex infection.

Five patients who had had neonatal herpes simplex virus infection were re-examined at ages that varied from 6 to 9 years. In all of them the diagnosis had been supported by virus isolation and antibody titration, and herpes virus type 2, the genital strain, had been the causative agent. Only 1 of the patients was mentally retarded. Three of the patients had manifest squint, and only 1 patient had normal visual acuity in both eyes. The fundus changes varied from atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium in 3 patients to atrophy of the optic disc in 2 eyes and extreme tortuosity of the retinal arterioles and veins in 1 patient. One patient developed bilateral retinitis with exudation into the vitreous at the age of 5 years. Fluorescein angiography of this patient showed peripheral vascular closure and preretinal neovascularisation, with leakage in both eyes. This may have been due to chronic retinal vasculitis; haemorrhagic infarction may have induced the damage to retinal tissues. Laser photocogulation resulted in slight improvement of the visual acuity, clearing of the vitreous, and decrease of the fluorescein leakage.

Child↗
PubMed1976

Effects of phospholine iodide on the metabolites of the glycolytic, pentose phosphate and sorbitol pathways in the rabbit lens.

Steady-state concentrations of the key intermediates from the glycolytic, pentose phosphate, and sorbitol pathways as well as the pyridine nucleotides were measured from the lens after 0.25% phospholine iodide had been instilled into rabbits' eyes twice a day for 18 weeks. In the lenses of those rabbits which had received treatment in both eyes fructose-1,6-diphosphate and pyruvate levels were increased, whereas 6-phosphogluconate, sorbitol and alpha-glycer0phosphate concentrations were decreased. alpha-Ketoglutarate and concentrations and ratios of NAD+ and NADH did not show any changes. In contrast, NADPH and total NADP concentrations as well as the NADPH/NADP+ ratio were decreased, and therefore total NAD/total NADP ratio increased after treatment. It appears that instillation of long-acting 0.25% phospholine iodide into rabbits' eyes results in increased glycolytic activity in the lens in response to the increased energy demand, wheras the activities of other metabolic pathways are suppressed.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Amyloid deposits of internal elastic lamina in temporal arteritis.

Ten biopsy specimens from patients with temporal arteritis showed amyloid deposits replacing the arterial internal elastic lamina. In three cases the inflammatory reaction was very mild, but amyloidosis was advanced, thus suggesting a primary pathogenetic role for amyloid degeneration in temporal arteritis. The findings are compatible with those of systemic amyloidosis in patients with arteritis temporalispolymyalgia rheumatica syndrome in a few isolated instances.

Aged↗