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Biomedical subjects

A Tanner

Publications and source records attributed to A Tanner.

70 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The importance of adverse reaction reporting by physicians. Suprofen and the flank pain syndrome.

The role of spontaneous reporting in detecting the suprofen-associated flank pain syndrome was examined, including the specific effect of the "Dear Doctor" letter in accelerating the information-gathering process once the initial signal was generated. We believe this to be a noteworthy example of the ability of spontaneous reporting to produce a timely and unequivocal signal of drug-related risk. It also serves to demonstrate the need for vigilant postmarketing surveillance for all newly marketed drugs in the United States, even though considerable premarketing and postmarketing drug experience may exist from use in countries outside of the United States.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1987

High-dose oral and intravenous metoclopramide in doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide-induced emesis. A randomized double-blind study.

Emesis remains a major side effect of cancer chemotherapy. High-dose intravenous metoclopramide has proved to be effective antiemetic therapy for cisplatinum induced emesis. It has not been rigorously tested in nonplatinum chemotherapy. This double-blind, noncrossover, randomized trial compared high-dose oral and intravenous metoclopramide to standard oral prochlorperazine in emesis caused by doxorubicin [70 mg/m2 body surface area (BSA)] and cyclophosphamide (700 mg/m2 BSA). Prochlorperazine (10 mg/dose), oral metoclopramide, and intravenous metoclopramide (2 mg/kg/dose each) were given 30 min before chemotherapy and then every 4 h for 24 h. Ten patients were randomized to prochlorperazine therapy, 10 to oral metoclopramide, and 9 to i.v. metoclopramide. Median number of emeses for the first chemotherapy cycle was 3, 3, and 7 for prochlorperazine, oral, and i.v. metoclopramide, respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant advantage of any regimen (p greater than 0.4). For patients who continued the antiemetic study, frequency of emesis increased with each successive cycle of chemotherapy. Six of 19 patients treated with metoclopramide developed dystonic reactions compared with zero of 10 on prochlorperazine. High plasma metoclopramide levels were achieved with both metoclopramide regimens and did not correlate with frequency of emesis. High-dose oral and i.v. metoclopramide in an every 4 h regimen did not show any advantage over standard antiemetic therapy for doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide-induced emesis and were associated with significant toxicity.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Purulent pericarditis in Papua New Guinea: report of 12 cases and review of the literature in a tropical environment.

Twelve cases of purulent pericarditis (P.P.) are presented. In each case diagnosis was confirmed by aspiration of pus from the pericardial sac. Clinical presentation of this condition is discussed, and therapeutic alternatives are compared. A review of the literature dealing with this condition in a tropical environment is made. It is suggested that in a environment where infectious disease prevails, the diagnosis of this condition is often missed. The importance of early diagnosis and an aggressive approach to management is stressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Monocyte function in cirrhosis.

Monocyte function has been studied in a total of 51 patients with biopsy-proven cirrhosis and 35 controls. There was significantly reduced monocyte spreading (p less than 0.05), chemotaxis (p less than 0.02), bacterial phagocytosis (p less than 0.05) and bacterial killing (p less than 0.02) in the cirrhotics compared to the controls. Monocytes from patients with cirrhosis produced significantly less of the lysosomal enzymes N-acetyl beta-glucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase than those obtained from the controls (p less than 0.02). There was no significant difference in the number of monocytes obtained, the number of macrophage precursors, and the nitro-blue tetrazoline (NBT) reduction between the cirrhotic and the controls. The reduced function appeared to be mainly due to a circulating inhibitory factor and could be corrected by incubation of the cirrhotic cells in serum from control subjects. The response of monocytes from patients with cirrhosis did not differ from the controls in their response to added endotoxin or latex particles suggesting that they are capable of a normal response in the absence of the inhibitory factor. Paired specimens of portal and systemic serum were collected from patients with no evidence of liver disease undergoing vascular surgery. When added to normal human monocytes the portal serum caused a significant reduction in bacterial killing (p less than 0.02) and chemotaxis (p less than 0.05) compared to results obtained in the paired systemic serum. Mixing experiments suggests the presence of an active inhibitor in the portal serum. The results suggest that monocyte function is reduced in cirrhosis apparently due to a serum inhibitor which may have originated from the portal vein. The abnormalities may account in part for the increased susceptibility of these patients to infection.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1981

Proteolytic enzymes released by liver macrophages may promote hepatic injury in a rat model of hepatic damage.

Using macrophages isolated from the livers of normal rats and from rats injected intravenously with Corynebacterium parvum 6 days previously, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) and plasminogen activator (PA) production have been measured during in vitro culture. There was a significant increase (p less than 0.02) in the supernatant activity of NAG by the C. parvum recruited macrophages 8.05 +/- 1.17 nmol product/mg protein/h as compared with normal, 3.86 +/- 0.77 nmol product/mg protein/h. There was a similar increase in cellular NAG content by recruited macrophages 412 +/- 66 nmol product/mg protein compared with 153 +/- 35 nmol product/mg protein (p less than 0.01) in normals. When macrophages of either group were exposed in vitro to endotoxin alone or a combination of endotoxin followed by latex particles, NAG values were similar to those obtained from nonexposed cells. In contrast, PA supernatant production increased significantly (p less than 0.02) on exposure to endotoxin with a corresponding reduction in cellular PA content, but the cellular PA content and supernatant release were similar for each group of cells. There was a fourfold increase in the number of macrophages isolated from the C. parvum-treated livers/g liver weight. Thus, the hepatocytes in this model of liver injury are potentially exposed to a 10-fold increase in the concentration of the acid hydrolase NAG; potentiation of cell damage by the administration of endotoxin may be mediated through the observed increase in production of secretory enzymes such as plasminogen activator. In conclusion, this study supports the hypothesis that proteolytic products released by recruited and activated macrophages may result in hepatocyte damage.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1975

Effect of a chronic suboptimal intake of magnesium on magnesium and calcium content of bone and on bone strength of the rat.

Sprague-Dawley rats were kept at 28 degrees C from 21 to 517 days age and fed one of the two following diets: a semi-purified diet containing 502 p.p.m. of Mg (control) or the same diet containing only 120 p.p.m. (mg/kg) (low-Mg). The chronic suboptimal intake of Mg by rats fed the low-Mg diet did not result in overt signs of Mg deficiency even when Mg levels were greatly reduced in carcass, plasma, and tibia, but it significantly decreased bone strength. It is suggested that Mg deficiency in man could be a factor in the weakening of bone, commonly observed in old age, even when there are no visible signs of Mg deficiency. Studies of the human situation would be of interest.

Animal Feed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Newly delineated periodontal pathogens with special reference to selenomonas species.

Many new species have been isolated from subgingival periodontal pockets, for example Wolinella recta and Bacteroides forsythus, reflecting better basic microbiological techniques. Other species were created from existing species as a result of better characterization methods, i.e. Bacteroides buccae and Bacteroides oris. We can recognize different types of periodontal disease and can find differences relating to the progressive compared to inactive lesions. Data illustrated in this presentation suggest that potential pathogens within new species include B. forsythus, W. recta and quite probably Selenomonas noxia. Methods that are rapid and sensitive for these new species include the use of protein profiles determined using SDS-PAGE, and DNA probes.

Bacterial Infections↗