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Biomedical subjects

A Talerman

Publications and source records attributed to A Talerman.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Germ cell tumours.

Germ cell tumours form an important group of gonadal neoplasms and are also found in a number of extragonadal sites like the mediastinum, para-pineal and sacrococcygeal regions and retroperitoneum. Although there are considerable differences between germ cell tumours occurring in different anatomical locations they exhibit a remarkable homology, and are considered as a group. In this review germ cell tumours are discussed as a group emphasizing some of the recent developments in this field. In the testis germ cell tumours form the most common group of neoplasms comprising 90% of all testicular tumours and 99% of them are malignant. In the ovary germ cell tumours comprise approximately 20% of ovarian neoplasms, and more than 90% are mature cystic teratomas and are benign. Malignant testicular neoplasms are 10 times more common than their ovarian and 20 times more common than their extragonadal counterparts. Malignant germ cell tumours have a specific age incidence and occur mainly in children and young adults. Due to this they represent one of the most important groups of neoplasms in this age group. Testicular germ cell tumours show marked racial and geographical differences occurring much more frequently in Western Europe, especially in Scandinavia, as compared with Southern and Eastern Europe. They are rare in Africa and are very uncommon in Blacks as compared to Whites. These remarkable differences are not observed in ovarian or extragonadal germ cell tumours. It is now accepted that histogenetically all the tumours in this group are of germ cell origin, and that germ cell tumours are capable of somatic (embryonal) and extra-embryonal differentiation (fig. 1). The occurrence of extragonadal germ cell tumours in anatomical locations in the midline of the body is explained on the basis of migration of the primitive germ cells during embryonic life from the wall of the yolk sac to the primitive gonad. An all embracing classification of germ cell neoplasms based on the WHO classifications of ovarian and testicular tumours is presented. The importance of careful and thorough examination of germ cell tumours is emphasized, especially in view of the recent advances in the therapy of malignant germ cell neoplasms. The value of tumour markers like alphafoetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) produced by endodermal sinus tumour (EST) and some embryonal carcinomas and choriocarcinoma and syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells respectively in diagnosis, monitoring the progress of the disease, and the efficacy of therapy, as well, as for early detection of metastases and recurrences, is strongly emphasized.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Pure granulosa cell tumour of the testis. Report of a case and review of the literature.

A case of pure granulosa cell tumour of the testis is described. To the author's knowledge this is the 5th documented case reported in the literature. The patient, a normal 44-year-old male noted a gradual right-sided testicular enlargement for a few months. There was no clinical evidence of gynaecomastia or any endocrinological abnormalities. Orchidectomy was performed and the testis was found to contain a soft yellow, well-circumscribed tumour which microscopically showed the typical appearance of a pure granulosa cell tumour. The patient was well and disease free 3 years after diagnosis. The literature concerning this entity is reviewed and discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Lectin histochemistry of classic and spermatocytic seminoma.

Six spermatocytic and 13 classic seminomas were studied histochemically with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled lectins. Wheat-germ lectin and succinyl concanavalin A reacted with all 19 tumors, whereas other lectins bound to some, but never to all, tumors in either group. Soybean lectin reacted with seven of 13 classic seminomas but with none of the spermatocytic seminomas. On the other hand, Maclura pomifera lectin reacted with two of six spermatocytic and with none of the classic seminomas. Our data thus illustrate some differences between classic and spermatocytic seminomas, but no diagnostic or pathognomonic pattern of lectin binding could be discerned. Neither classic nor spermatocytic seminomas (with a single exception) reacted with the lectins that do not react with normal spermatogenic cells. Spermatocytic seminomas did not react with eight lectins typically recognizing spermatids and spermatozoa. Thus, our data do not support the earlier contentions that spermatocytic seminomas contain malignant equivalents of cells in advanced stages of spermatogenesis.

Dysgerminoma↗
PubMed1984

Carcinoid tumors of the ovary.

Carcinoid tumors of the ovary are uncommon, but 150 cases of primary ovarian carcinoids and 40 cases of carcinoid tumors metastatic to the ovary have been reported. Primary carcinoid tumors of the ovary are divided into insular, trabecular, strumal and mucinous types. The insular type is most common, followed by the strumal type. The majority of primary ovarian carcinoids occur in association with mature cystic teratoma, but a considerable number present in pure form. Only the insular type is associated with the carcinoid syndrome. The age incidence of patients with ovarian carcinoids shows a wide range but most patients are postmenopausal. Primary carcinoids of the ovary are invariably unilateral. They form a solid nodule within a cystic teratoma, or when pure a solid yellow-grey mass, and vary from microscopical to large tumors measuring in excess of 20 cm in the longest diameter. The metastatic carcinoids are nearly always bilateral and scattered tumor deposits are present throughout both ovaries. Primary ovarian carcinoids metastasize only occasionally, and should be treated as ovarian tumors of low malignant potential.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Spermatocytic seminoma. Ultrastructural and microspectrophotometric observations.

Spermatocytic seminoma of the testis is a specific clinicopathologic entity and a unique germ cell neoplasm without a homologous counterpart in the ovary or in extragonadal sites. Six spermatocytic seminomas were subjected to a detailed ultrastructural study, and seven spermatocytic seminomas were analyzed using microspectrophotometry. Five classic seminomas were also subjected to microspectrophotometric analysis for comparison. Ultrastructurally, spermatocytic seminoma cells were shown to contain a larger number of cytoplasmic organelles than classic seminoma, but they did not exhibit structures that are diagnostic of cells capable of meiotic division and precursors of acrosomes. Microspectrophotometric analysis confirmed the absence of haploid cells and indicated that spermatocytic seminoma cells have lower modal numbers than classic seminoma cells. The majority of spermatocytic seminomas exhibit hyperdiploid or peritriploid DNA modal values, whereas in classic seminomas these values range from peritriploid to peripentaploid. These findings support the view that spermatocytic seminoma represents a better differentiated variant of seminoma than the classic type, but they oppose the view that spermatocytic seminoma is composed of spermatocytes capable of meiotic division. It is considered that spermatocytic seminoma is composed of cells differentiating in the direction of spermatocytes but which have not yet reached this stage of differentiation.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1983

Virilization due to a metastasizing granulosa cell tumor.

This report describes a virilizing granulosa cell tumor in a postmenopausal woman. The tumor metastasized to the liver, urinary bladder, and spinal column. Although the bladder metastases were diagnosed initially as paraganglioma, review of the slides and the demonstration of abundant lipid within the tumor cells led to the correct diagnosis. The plasma testosterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels were elevated, while the plasma 17-hydroxypregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone levels were normal, suggesting that the delta 4-pathway of testosterone biosynthesis was predominant in this tumor. Gonadotropin levels were suppressed and did not respond to gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Presumably, this suppression was due to an increase in the plasma testosterone level.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1983

Primary ganglioneuroblastoma of the anterior mediastinum in a 61-year-old woman.

A case of primary ganglioneuroblastoma located in the anterior mediastinum is described. The tumour was found incidentally at autopsy in a 61-year-old woman who died of coronary artery thrombosis. There was no evidence of metastases. Histologically the tumour was a ganglioneuroblastoma of the diffuse type. There was no pure neuroblastomatous tissue present and maturation to ganglioneuroma was not observed. Regressive changes like fibrosis and calcification were present. Review of the literature failed to reveal any recorded cases of ganglioneuroblastoma occurring in the anterior mediastinum. Although ganglioneuroblastoma occurs predominantly in children, 24 cases occurring in adults have been reported in the literature.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1983

Epithelial peroxidase and endometrial granulocytes in the normal cyclic human endometrium.

Studies in animal models have clearly shown a relationship between the administration of estrogens and the appearance of peroxidase activity in growth-responsive estrogen target tissues (endometrium, cervix, vagina, breast, and DMBA rat mammary tumor). We have studied the ultrastructural localization of endogenous peroxidase activity in the normal cyclic human endometrium. Endogenous peroxidase activity was not identified in proliferative phase endometria, with the exception of one very late proliferative phase endometrium. Most secretory phase endometria showed at least some ultrastructurally identified peroxidase activity in glandular epithelial cells. The number of epithelial cells showing peroxidase activity varied from less than 10% to 85%. The peroxidase activity was present throughout the endoplasmic reticulum of these epithelial cells, extending from the perinuclear cistern to the most peripheral portions of the endoplasmic reticulum adjacent to the apical lumen. Biochemical assays of peroxidase activity in these endometria were compared with the ultrastructurally identified epithelial peroxidase and the endometrial granulocyte count. Uterine granulocyte peroxidase appeared to make a substantial contribution to the total peroxidase activity assayed by biochemical methods. Standard biochemical techniques alone, therefore were not considered to be adequate to evaluate epithelial peroxidase activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Primary trabecular carcinoid tumor of the ovary.

Three cases of primary trabecular carcinoid tumor of the ovary are reported. In two cases the tumor was a pure trabecular carcinoid, while the third it was associated with mature cystic teratoma. The patients were aged 36, 48 and 56 years. The presenting symptoms were lower abdominal pain and the presence of a lower abdominal mass. In one case the tumor was found incidentally. There was no evidence of metastases or carcinoid syndrome in any of these cases. The treatment was bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and hysterectomy in two cases and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in one case. All the patients are well and disease-free for periods ranging from 4-13 years after surgery. The pathology, differential diagnosis and behavior of this entity are discussed and reviewed. Primary trabecular carcinoid of the ovary is an uncommon ovarian tumor, behaving like a tumor of low malignant potential. In the younger patient the treatment is unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, while in the postmenopausal patient bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and hysterectomy is the treatment of choice. Long-term follow-up is advisable.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Clear cell (mesonephroid) tumors of the ovary with characteristics resembling endodermal sinus tumor.

Twenty-five ovarian clear cell tumors and six endodermal sinus tumors were studied by histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural methods. The results of the study indicate that some clear cell tumors contain periodic acid Schiff (PAS) positive and diastase resistant hyaline globules, and also basement membrane-like material, which have been previously considered as being observed only in endodermal sinus tumor. In view of this, we would like to emphasize the importance of the presence of the various histological patterns observed in endodermal sinus tumor, in addition to the classical perivascular formations (Schiller-Duval bodies) and the presence of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), as diagnostic features of endodermal sinus tumor. On the other hand, the presence of glycogen, abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum stacked in parallel rows, and a more uniform histological pattern are indicative of clear cell (mesonephroid) tumor of the ovary.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Diffuse nonlobular ovarian androblastoma usually associated with feminization.

The unusual pleomorphism of ovarian androblastoma calls for the definition of further subgroups and fuller use of the available interpretative ideas. A set of six cases forming a possible subgroup is presented. Functionally these were mainly estrogenic. Structurally they showed a diffuse fibrothecomatous or thecogranulosal background with foci of limited and sexually equivocal differentiation. Lutein cell clusters were present in all cases and tubules were present in five. The ideas developed for interpreting the androblastoma family are reviewed historically and related to the foregoing. The criteria of testicular differentiation, and the relation of endocrine function to morphology and age, are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Heterologous sarcomas of the uterus.

Three cases of heterologous sarcomas of the uterus are presented. Two were mixed tumors; one was a lipoleiomyosarcoma; and one was an osteogenic sarcoma with leiomyosarcoma. The third was a rhabdomyosarcoma. These tumors are believed to behave more aggressively than mixed mesodermal tumors. Six months after initial diagnosis, the lipolieomyosarcoma had metastasized to a vertebra. Following radiation therapy, the metastases recurred at the same site. The rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterus produced lung metastases 4 months following surgery, and the patient died 14 months after initial diagnosis despite extensive chemotherapy. The patient with osteogenic sarcoma of the uterus with leiomyosarcoma had been treated with Adriamycin and is alive and well 1 year following initial diagnosis. The histogenesis of these tumors is reviewed.

Aged↗