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Biomedical subjects

A Takase

Publications and source records attributed to A Takase.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

A family case of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

Two brothers, patient 1 with fever and vomiting, and patient 2 with failure to gain weight were studied. After 4 hr of water deprivation test, the urinary osmolality of the patient 1 was only 105 mOsm/liter and his body weight showed a 4.6% reduction. In response to desamino-8-D arginine vasopressin intranasal administration, no significant elevation of urinary osmolality of patient 1 occurred. After low dose vasopressin tests, the maximal urinary osmolality of their father was in the normal range, but that of their mother was below the normal range. Moreover, the patients showed no significant increase of urinary osmolality after the same tests. The brothers were diagnosed as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) and their mother was diagnosed as a carrier. An early diagnosis of NDI is important, since adequate managements such as low-solute diet with restricted protein and salt intake or such as water intake at frequent intervals can prevent the hyperosmolality which would develop the delayed mental and physical developments. The usefulness of the combination of indomethacin with thiazide diuretics is described.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of cefdinir in pediatric field].

Cefdinir (CFDN) was evaluated for its efficacy and safety. The following results were obtained. 1. Pharmacokinetic study: CFDN was evaluated pharmacokinetically in 4 male children aged 9 to 13. CFDN was given orally to 3 children at a dose of 3 mg/kg. Peak plasma levels of 0.71 microgram/ml, 0.78 microgram/ml and 0.45 microgram/ml were attained in the 3 children, respectively, at 4 hours after dosing. Half-lives of CFDN in serum were 1.78 hours, 1.48 hours and 2.23 hours, respectively. The 12-hour urinary recovery rates of CFDN were 17.4%, 28.1% and 6.2%. When CFDN was given orally to the remaining child at a dose of 6 mg/kg, the peak plasma level was attained at 4 hours after dosing with a level of 1.16 micrograms/ml. T 1/2 was 1.78 hours. The 12-hour urinary recovery rate of CFDN was 15.0%. 2. Clinical study: CFDN 5 percent fine granules were given to 26 patients with infections; 2 with pneumonia, 4 with acute bronchitis, 1 with chronic bronchitis, 12 with pharyngitis, 4 with scarlet fever, 1 with otitis media and 2 with skin and soft tissue infections. Therapeutic responses were "excellent" in 15, "good" in 8, "fair" in 1 and "poor" in 2, with an efficacy rate of 88.5%. 3. Adverse reactions: As for adverse reactions, diarrhea was noted in 1 patient. It was concluded that CFDN is a useful drug for the treatment of the bacterial infections in pediatrics.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

[A clinical study on cefpodoxime proxetil dry syrup in pediatric infections].

Clinical studies on cefpodoxime proxetil (CS-807, CPDX-PR) dry syrup were carried out in the field of pediatrics, and the results are summarized as follows. 1. Eleven year-old male and 12 year-old female were administered orally at a dose level of 5.6 and 6.0 mg/kg, respectively, after or before meal. Cmax and T1/2 were 5.0 micrograms/ml and 2.13 hours, respectively, for the male and 4.04 micrograms/ml and 1.63 hours, respectively, for the female. 2. Good clinical responses were obtained in 21 of 22 child patients with bacterial pharyngitis, tonsillitis, scarlet fever and urinary tract infections. One child with Mycoplasma pneumonia did not respond. As to bacteriological effects, eradication of pathogens was observed in 8 out of 11 strains, showing an eradication rate of 72.7%. 3. As to side effect, 1 case of loose stool was observed, but there was no need of discontinuing the drug treatment.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical evaluation of cefteram pivoxil fine granules in pediatric infections].

Cefteram pivoxil (CFTM-PI), in fine granules, was studied in pediatric infections and the results obtained are summarized below. It is concluded that CFTM-PI fine granule is an effective drug for the treatment of pediatric infections. 1. The pharmacokinetics of CFTM-PI fine granules was studied in 7 patients (5 males, 2 females) whose ages ranged from 9 to 15 years. (1) In 2 patients, administered with the drug at a dose of 3 mg/kg in the fasting state, serum peak concentrations of CFTM at 2 hours after administration were 0.66 and 0.53 micrograms/ml, and T 1/2 were 1.40 and 1.32 hours, respectively. Urinary recovery rates in the first 8 hours were relatively low at 5.8 and 10.8%, respectively. (2) In 1 patient, the drug administered at a dose of 6 mg/kg in the fasting state, serum peak concentration of CFTM at 2 hours after administration was 3.0 micrograms/ml, T 1/2 was 2.16 hours, and urinary recovery rate in the first 8 hours was 13.8%. In another 2 patients, CFTM-PI administered at a dose of 6 mg/kg after meal, serum peak concentrations of CFTM at 4 hours after administration were 5.8 and 2.5 micrograms/ml, T 1/2 of the latter was 1.93 hours, and urinary recovery rates in the first 8 hours were 27.0 and 14.4%, respectively. (3) In yet another 2 patients, CFTM-PI tablets was administered at a dose level of 150 mg after meal. Serum peak concentrations of CFTM were 1.7 and 1.6 micrograms/ml at 2 hours and 4 hours after administration, respectively, T 1/2 of the former was 1.38 hours, and urinary recovery rates were 24.1 and 15.5%, respectively. 2. Clinical results CFTM-PI as fine granules was administered to 18 patients, and the following results were obtained. (1) 12 cases (6 males, 6 females) with their ages ranged from 3 months to 12 years were administered with the drug at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day, divided into 3 equal portions. Clinical efficacies were fair in 1 case with bronchopneumonia, good in 3 cases with bronchitis and in 4 cases with tonsillitis/pharyngitis, excellent in 1 and good in another with scarlet fever, and good in 1 and poor in another with urinary tract infection (UTI) (2) Six cases (4 males, 2 females) with their ages were 6 and 7 years were administered with CFTM-PI at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day divided into 3 equal portions. Clinical efficacies were good in 1 case with bronchopneumonia, 2 cases with bronchitis and 3 cases with tonsillitis/pharyngitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Pharmacological studies of eicosapentaenoic acid ethylester (EPA-E) on high cholesterol diet-fed rabbits].

The effects of eicosapentaenoic acid ethylester (EPA-E) at daily doses of 3 and 30 mg/kg (p.o.) on vascular lesions and changes in blood components were investigated in rabbits fed with a 1% cholesterol diet for 12 weeks and partly compared with those given 30 mg/kg/day (p.o.) of ticlopidine. EPA-E at 30 mg/kg significantly improved the reduction in distensibility of isolated thoracic aorta caused by cholesterol diet feeding. Ticlopidine at 30 mg/kg also showed significant but milder improvement. EPA-E at 30 mg/kg, unlike ticlopidine, tended to lower cholesterol content in the thoracic wall and elastin fraction. Although EPA-E did not act on plasma total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride contents, it tended to mildly reduce platelet aggregability in response to sodium arachidonate and the increased production of TXA2-like activity by platelets. In addition, daily doses of 30 mg/kg EPA-E caused a significant increase in plasma and platelet EPA-E contents without any change in docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid contents. From these results, daily administration of EPA-E to cholesterol diet-fed rabbits caused a remarkable improvement of the reduction in distensibility of isolated thoracic aorta. The mechanism of this improvement by EPA-E appears to depend on the protection of elastic fibers from lipid deposition on the vascular wall.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[The effects of eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (EPA-E) on arterial thrombosis in rabbits and vascular lesions in rats].

The effects of highly purified ethyl ester of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA-E) on ellagic acid-induced thrombus formation in the stenosed femoral artery in rabbits and on the progression of laurate-induced vascular lesions in rats were examined. (1) EPA-E in single administration significantly prevented the thrombus formation induced by ellagic acid in the stenosed femoral artery of rabbits. (2) EPA-E restored the hypercoagulation activity at 5 min and 3 hr after the ellagic acid injection. Platelet aggregability induced by arachidonic acid decreased at 5 min and 3 hr after the ellagic acid injection; EPA-E had little effect on this change. EPA-E showed almost no effect on fibrinolytic activity, blood viscosity and filterability of washed red blood cells after the ellagic acid injection. (3) Moreover, EPA-E in daily administrations showed a significant preventative effect against the laurate-induced vascular lesions in rats. The efficacy of EPA-E on arterial thrombosis and vascular lesions observed in this study suggests that EPA-E is a candidate for the treatment of peripheral circulatory disturbance.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[A clinical study of rokitamycin dry syrup in pediatric infections].

A clinical study on rokitamycin (RKM) dry syrup was carried out and the results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Good clinical responses were achieved with 30-40 mg/kg/day dose of RKM dry syrup. 2. Diagnostically, acute bronchitis and bronchial pneumonia responded better than other diseases examined. 3. The efficacy rate was low in the group of patients complicated by bronchial asthma.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

[Clinical evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in children].

Nine pediatric patients with moderate or severe bacterial infections (3 septicemia or bacteremia, 2 pyelitis, 2 tonsillitis, 1 pneumonia and 1 pyothorax) in hospital were treated with MK-0787/MK-0791. The drug was administered intravenously by 30 or 60 minutes drip infusion in 3 or 4 divided doses totalling 24 mg/24 mg-70.2 mg/70.2 mg per kg/day. Clinical effectiveness were excellent in 4 cases, good in 2 cases, poor in 2 cases and not evaluated in 1 case. The overall efficacy rate was 75%. A slight decrease of WBC was observed in 1 case. It was concluded that MK-0787/MK-0791 was a useful antibiotic for the treatment of infections in pediatric practices. Pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered MK-0787/MK-0791 was studied in 2 other cases. The MK-0787/MK-0791 was administered intravenously by 30 or 60 minutes drip infusion to 2 cases at a dose of 10 mg/10 mg/kg. The mean half-life (T1/2) of MK-0787 was 1.03 hours and MK-0791, 0.69 hour. The mean urinary recovery rate of MK-0787 within 6.5-7 hours after administration was 62.5% and MK-0791, 76.7%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies with imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the pediatric field. Pediatric Study Group for Imipenem/Cilastatin Sodium].

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (MK-0787/MK-0791), a new carbapenem antibiotic and a dehydropeptidase-I inhibitor, respectively, were carried out in a joint study in the pediatric field by a study group consisting of investigators at 16 institutions. The results were summarized below. Pharmacokinetic studies Peak plasma concentrations of MK-0787/MK-0791 were 27.7-190.0/28.3-216.4 micrograms/ml at doses of 10/10-50/50 mg/kg administered by a 30 or 60-minute drip infusion. The above findings proved that dose response was clearly observed. Over a period of 6 or 7 hours, the urinary excretion of MK-0787 and MK-0791 totaled 54.2-88.0% and 53.6-89.0% of the dose administered, respectively. Plasma half-lives of MK-0787 and MK-0791 in the beta-phase were 0.87-1.05 hours and 0.59-0.95 hour, respectively. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of MK-0787 in patients with purulent meningitis were 2.0-14.4 micrograms/ml; however, the penetration rate of the drug into the CSF was relatively poor in patients with normal meninges. Clinical study Clinical efficacy was evaluated in 283 patients. In 112 patients the daily dosage ranged from 30/30 mg/kg to 59/59 mg/kg, and in 138 patients it ranged from 60/60 mg/kg to 99/99 mg/kg. The maximum dose administered was 222/222 mg/kg. The drug was administered either 3 or 4 times per day. The clinical efficacy rate was 92.5% among 187 patients with identified etiologic pathogens. The drug was effective in 3 out of 4 patients with purulent meningitis and in 7 out of 10 patients with septicemia. The clinical efficacy rate was 96.7% in 90 patients with respiratory tract infection (pneumonia, lung abscess, etc.), 96.5% in 57 patients with urinary tract infection, 90.9% in 11 patients with SSTI. The clinical efficacy rate in those with no identified etiologic pathogen was 97.0% among 101 patients. Bacteriologically, the eradication rate for S. aureus was 87.9% of 33 isolates. Comprehensively, the eradication rate for Gram-positive bacteria was 94.7% of 75 isolates. The eradication rate for P. aeruginosa was 87.5% of 8 isolates. Including these strains, the eradication rate for Gram-negative bacteria was 90.3% of 134 isolates. The MK-0787/MK-0791 exhibited an eradication rate of 91.9% among a total of 211 Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including anaerobes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical experience with cefotetan in the treatment of infections of children].

Twenty-five patients in hospital mainly with lower respiratory tract infections and urinary tract infections were treated with cefotetan (CTT). The drug was given intravenously in a dose of 20 mg per kg body weight 1 to 3 times per day. The response to treatment was satisfactory in the 21 patients (84%). There was slight changes in liver function tests in 2 patients and exanthem in 1 patient. CTT appears to be an effective antibiotic for the treatment of children with bacterial infection.

Adolescent↗