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Biomedical subjects

A Tajima

Publications and source records attributed to A Tajima.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Cyclosporine induced nephrotoxicity and juxtaglomerular apparatus in mice].

To elucidate the relationship between Cyclosporine (Cs) induced nephrotoxicity and juxtaglomerular (JG) apparatus, we carried out biochemical and morphological experiments using mice. Adult male ICR strain mice weighing about 40 g were used. The mice were divided into 2 groups: the Cs group (Cs 50 mg/kg/day was orally given for 14 consecutive days) and the control group (olive oil for 14 days). Urine was stored for 24 hours on the day 0, 7 and 14 and urine volume and concentrations of urinary creatinine (u-Cr) and urinary potassium (u-K) were measured in each group. All the mice were sacrificed and examined on the 15th day. Concentrations of serum creatinine (s-Cr), serum potassium (s-K), plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone (Ald) were noted in each group. The kidneys were also examined histologically with light and electron microscopes. The Cs group showed significant increases of s-K, PRA and Ald and a significant decrease of creatinine clearance compared with the control group. Histologically, the Cs group demonstrated focal vacuolar changes in the proximal tubular cells and an increase in the number of granules in the JG cells. Each granule of the Cs group was larger than that of the control group. Cs certainly stimulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and causes consequently a secondary aldosteronism.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Cyclosporine induced nephrotoxicity and renal blood flow].

To elucidate the relationship between cyclosporine (Cs) nephrotoxicity and renal blood flow (RBF), we carried our experiments using rats. Adult male Wistar strain rats each weighing about 100 g were used. Rats were divided into 2 groups; the Cs group (Cs 50 mg/kg/day was intraperitoneally given for 10 consecutive days) and the control group (normal saline solution for 10 consecutive days). The renal cortical blood flow was measured in each group by electrolytic hydrogen gas clearance method. We also carried out renal angiography with barium sulfate (BaSO4). Then we measured blood vessel area/renal sagittal section area ratio and the diameter of interlobar arteries. The Cs group showed a significant decrease of renal cortical blood flow compared with the control group. On the other hand there was no significant change in renal angiogram. In conclusion, Cs decreased renal cortical blood flow. We suppose that vascular resistance increased following afferent arteriolopathy caused by Cs administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Massive cranial ossifying myxoma in a child.

A case is presented in which a myxoma developed in the mastoid region in the cranium and extending to the middle and posterior fossa. The patient was an 11-year-old girl with a history from birth of a painless mass in the mastoid region. On admission, she had bilateral papilledema, left homonymous hemianopia, and right hearing impairment. The computerized tomography showed a massive low-density area with intralesional ossification. The extra-axial mass was completely removed. Skepticism toward the existence of myxoma affecting the cranium, in an extragnathic osseous site, is discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Treatment of staghorn calculi by fiberoptic transurethral nephrolithotripsy.

We treated 34 patients with staghorn calculi by fiberoptic transurethral nephrolithotripsy with a flexible nephroureteroscope and an electrohydraulic lithotriptor. Of the 34 patients 30 (88.2%) were treated successfully. There were 17 patients each with complete and partial staghorn calculi. There was no difference in the success ratio and the rate of residual fragments between the 2 groups. However, post-procedural fever, sepsis and extrapelvic extravasation were observed more frequently in patients with complete than with partial staghorn calculi. Countermeasures to avoid complications must be developed in the future. However, we believe that fiberoptic transurethral nephrolithotripsy is a safe and effective treatment for staghorn calculi. This procedure also should be recommended, as well as the combination of percutaneous nephrolithotomy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Quantitative autoradiographic assessment of 55Fe-RBC distribution in rat brain.

A simple in vivo technique of labeling erythrocytes (RBCs) with 55Fe was developed for quantitative autoradiography (QAR). This procedure involved injecting 5-6 ml of [55Fe]ferrous citrate solution (1 mCi/ml) intraperitoneally into donor rats. The number of labeled RBCs reached a maximum at around 7 days and declined very slowly thereafter. Labeled RBCs were harvested from donor rats and used for RBC volume measurement in awake rats. Brain radioactivity was assayed by QAR, which yielded spatial resolution of greater than 50 microns. Tight nearly irreversible binding of 55Fe to RBCs was found in vivo and in vitro. More than 99.5% of the 55Fe in the blood of donor rats was bound to RBCs. Because of this, labeled blood can be taken from donors and injected into recipients without further preparation. The tissue absorption of 55Fe emissions was the same in gray and white matter. Microvascular RBC volumes measured with 55Fe-labeled RBCs agreed with those assayed with 51Cr-labeled RBCs for many, but not all, brain areas. In conclusion, 55Fe-RBCs can be readily prepared by this technique and accurately quantitated in brain tissue by QAR.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Cryopreservation of semen from unique lines of chicken germ plasm.

Frozen semen is a practical means of preserving valuable germ plasm. Monitored samples of semen cryopreserved with glycerol for heterozygous, dominant marker stocks and for nine chromosomal rearrangement lines had sufficiently high fertility for germ-line retrieval. The results also indicated a potential for the genetic selection of certain lines for the freezability of spermatozoa, since stock and line differences in fertility occurred when previously frozen semen was used for insemination. Freezing the semen of stocks routinely reproduced provides insurance against possible disasters.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[The clinical efficacy of outpatient extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy].

From March 1989 through December 1989, 123 patients, 9 to 78 years old, were treated by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) with the Wolf Piezolith device. Outpatient treatment was performed routinely. Anesthesia was not required in all of the patients. No analgesia or sedation was given routinely. When pyuria had been found before treatment, a course of prophylactic oral antibiotics was given. Treatment consisted of 2000 to 6000 shocks in adults. The need for re-treatment was decided on the basis of the follow up X-rays. Fragmentation into particles 5 mm in size or less occurred in 144 of the 149 renoureteral units (96.6%). Unfragmented stones were treated successfully by the combination therapy of ESWL and fiberoptic transurethral nephroureterolithotripsy (f-TUL). Of 144 renoureteral units, 3-month follow-up data are available for 96. Among the 96 units, the rate of being free of stones was 67 per cent for renal stones and 96 per cent for ureteral stones treated in situ. The over-all rate of being free of stones was 80.2 per cent. There were no significant complications. Ultrasound imaging has proved to be as effective as X-ray imaging. Outpatient ESWL with the Wolf Piezolith device is considered to be safe and efficient for the initial treatment of urinary stones. On the other hand, ESWL monotherapy is not sufficient for the treatment of complete staghorn calculi or long-term impacted ureteral calculi. We think that the combination use of ESWL and f-TUL is the most effective procedure for treatment of complicated stones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Infiltration and tissue concentration of intravesically instilled (2"R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin or adriamycin in rat bladder tumor induced by BBN].

Rats with bladder tumor induced by BBN were treated by intravesical instillation of 0.8 mg of (2"R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP) (9 rats) or adriamycin (ADM) (8 rats) dissolved in 0.2 ml of distilled water. Thirty minutes later, the bladder was removed surgically. Rats without the tumor received the same treatment of THP (8 rats) or ADM (9 rats). THP and ADM infiltrations to the normal bladder tissue and the tumor were estimated by the use of the photonic microscope system, since both drugs were known to emit characteristic fluorescence. It was found that infiltration of THP to the tumor tissue was more prominent in amounts and deeper than that of ADM, while smaller amounts of THP infiltrated into the normal mucosa compared to ADM. The fact might explain the clinical finding that THP instilled intravesically in half a concentration of ADM showed the same effect on the tumor as ADM. Subsequently, tissue concentrations of THP and ADM were estimated by high performance liquid chromatography. Either THP or ADM was instilled intravesically for 30 minutes to 6 rats with bladder tumor. Similarly, either THP or ADM was instilled in 5 rats without the tumors. Contrary to the result of the photonic microscope system, the tissue concentration of THP was not different from that of ADM not only in the tumor tissues but also in the normal bladder ones. Furthermore, the tissue concentration of both drugs in the normal bladder was higher than that in the bladder tumor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1990

Dexamethasone effects on the distribution of water and albumin in cold-injury cerebral edema.

To evaluate the effectiveness of steroids in the treatment of traumatic cerebral edema, we have hypothesized that the distribution of water and RISA is diminished by Dex and have experimentally tested this proposition with the rat model of cortical cold injury. Dex was found to have no effect on the water content of normal brain. The cold injury significantly increased the water content of only the right middle forebrain in untreated rats; in contrast, the increase in water content in the right middle forebrain after cold injury was small and insignificant in Dex-treated rats. Dex diminished the distribution of RISA in the tissue immediately adjacent to the primary lesion but did not affect RISA distribution within the lesion or the remainder of the brain. These findings suggest that steroids do not alter the distribution of water and albumin within cerebral tissue that has been heavily damaged and that steroids do affect these processes in the less traumatized tissue immediately surrounding the primary lesion.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effects of dexamethasone on blood flow and volume of perfused microvessels in traumatic brain edema.

We have hypothesized that dexamethasone acts, in part, to reduce the formation and spread of edema fluid by altering CBF and VPM and have tested this proposition by measuring CBF and VPM in treated and untreated rats at several times after cold injury of the cerebral cortex. Both CBF and VPM were markedly decreased within the lesioned cortex. This suggests that the major cause of the fall in CBF was a decrease in the number of perfused microvessels. In untreated rats after cold injury, CBF was not appreciably changed in cortical tissue adjacent to the primary lesion and in contralateral cortex. Dexamethasone may, however, have lowered CBF in these two "normal" brain areas after cold injury. In the ipsilateral corpus callosum adjacent to the lesion, CBF was significantly lowered after cold injury. In the corpus callosum on both sides. CBF tended to be lower in dexamethasone-treated than in untreated rats. Because arterial pressure was similar in treated and untreated rats but CBF was consistently lower in treated rats, dexamethasone may increase the resistance to flow of the blood vessels proximal to the leaky microvessels and reduce the hydrostatic pressure that drives the formation of edema fluid.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Estimation of the relative fertilizing ability of frozen chicken spermatozoa using a heterospermic competition method.

Semen was collected from Rhode Island Red and White Leghorn roosters. After adjusting the sperm number from both breeds, half of the semen was frozen-thawed in the presence of glycerol. Frozen and unfrozen semen from both breeds was mixed 1:1 with all four possible combinations and inseminated into Rhode Island Red hens. Feather colour of chicks was used to determine which breed fertilized the eggs. Results showed that sperm cells retained 19.7% [95% confidence interval = (12.8, 30.4)] of the relative fertilizing ability after freezing. Furthermore, Rhode Island Red spermatozoa had 1.5 times [95% confidence interval = (1.1, 2.0)] higher relative fertilizing ability than did White Leghorn spermatozoa. The heterospermic competition assay method is a powerful tool for estimating the relative fertilizing ability of the sperm cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Results of the treatment of prostatic cancer].

Two hundred and twenty patients with prostatic cancer were treated in our clinic during the past ten years between April, 1977 and March, 1987. The age distribution was from 45 to 91 years old and more than half of patients were in seventies. Stages A, B, C and D were 3.5%, 19.7%, 21.2% and 55.6%, respectively. Hormonal therapy was given in 175 cases (79.5%) as an initial treatment. The first therapy showed effectiveness in 181 (83.8%) of 216 cases; in 153 (87.4%) of 175 cases treated by hormonal therapy. Reactivation after the initial treatment was observed in 59 (32.6%) of 181 cases; in 48 (31.4%) of 153 cases treated by hormonal therapy. The interval between the start of treatment and reactivation for the stage D was significantly shorter than that for the other stages. Elevation of serum alkaline-phosphatase levels, accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and hydronephrosis were significant risk factors for reactivation. Of the 220 cases, 51 (23.2%) died of advanced cancer. The overall 5-year survival rate was 41.2%. High grade and high stage were significantly related to the poor prognosis. In our studies, as hormonal therapy, maintenance on 100 mg of diethylstilbestrol diphosphate daily was found effective for the treatment of prostatic cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

[Treatment of 46 cases of renal pelvic and ureteral tumors].

During about 10 years from November, 1977 to March, 1987, 46 patients with renal pelvic and ureteral tumors were treated at the Department of Urology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine and the affiliated hospitals. There were 34 males and 12 females with the highest age incidence in the seventies. Histologically, 44 transitional cell carcinomas and 2 squamous cell carcinomas were found. Of the 44 transitional cell carcinomas, 1 was Tis; 13 T1, 2 T2, 8 T3, 15 M+ (with metastatic lesion), and 5 TX. As to grading, 1 was G1; 24 G2, 15 G3, and 4 GX. Staging was correlated with grading. The 5-year survival rates (Kaplan-Meier's method) were 37% in patients with transitional cell carcinoma. Among patients with transitional cell carcinoma, the 5-year survival rate was 43% for G2 and 42% for G3. As to staging, the 5-year survival rates were 71% and 46% in patients with stage of T1 and T3, respectively. No patient with M+ survived longer than 4 years. The 5-year survival rates were 38% and 34% in renal pelvic tumors (24 cases) and ureteral tumors (20 cases), respectively. As to the treatments, the 5-year survival rates after curable treatment (24 cases) and non-curable treatment (20 cases) were 63% and 7%, respectively.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Treatment of 255 patients with bladder tumors].

During about 10 years from November, 1977 to March, 1987, two hundreds and fifty-five patients with bladder tumors were treated at the Department of Urology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine and the affiliated hospitals. There were 198 males and 57 females with the highest age incidence in the seventies. Histologically, 242, 11 and 2 tumors were of transitional cell, squamous cell and adenocarcinoma, respectively. Of the 242 transitional cell carcinomas, 7 were Tis; 43 Ta, 111 T1, 33 T2, 19 T3, 5 T4, 14 M+ (with metastatic lesion), and 10 TX. As to grading, 6 was G0; 66 G1, 100 G2, 64 G3, and 6 GX. Staging was correlated with grading. The 5-year survival rates (Kaplan-Meier's method) were 64% in patients with transitional cell carcinoma; 58% in those with squamous cell carcinoma. In patients with transitional cell carcinoma, the 5-year survival rates were 100% for G0, 73% for G1, 73% for G2 and 40% for G3. As to staging, the 5-year survival rates were 67%, 81%, 81%, 35%, 41%, 40% and 12% in patients with stage of Tis, Ta, T1, T2, T3, T4 and M+, respectively. As to the initial treatment, the 5-year survival rates after TUR (137 cases), partial cystectomy (4 cases) and total cystectomy (56 cases) were 81%, 36% and 61%, respectively. The rate of intravesical recurrence after TUR was evaluated with the cumulative non-recurrence rate calculated by Kaplan-Meier's method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗