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Biomedical subjects

A T Axon

Publications and source records attributed to A T Axon.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Pancreatogram changes in patients with calculous biliary disease.

A successful pancreatogram was obtained at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in 53 patients with calculous biliary disease. Twenty-eight patients presented with jaundice and 25 with pain. In both groups there was a high incidence of pancreatogram abnormalities (47 and 48 per cent respectively). These findings demonstrate that the pancreas is often abnormal in the presence of complicated calculous biliary disease even though there may be no recent clinical evidence of pancreatitis and suggest that asymptomatic chronic pancreatitis may be common. The clinical significance of the abnormalities is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Chronic pancreatitis and inflammatory bowel disease.

A consecutive series of 59 patients with abnormal pancreatograms indicative of chronic pancreatitis included five patients who also had inflammatory bowel disease. This is greater number than would be expected by chance. The cases are presented, and possible explanations are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Clinical relevance of an unfused pancreatic duct system.

In man, the main pancreatic duct is normally derived from ventral and dorsal embryological buds of the pancreas. In a minority of people, failure of fusion of the two buds results in separate drainage of the dorsal and ventral pancreas, so that the accessory duct provides the main drainage for the gland. Patients with this anomaly demonstrated at endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) have been investigated to assess whether non-fusion of the main pancreatic duct predisposes to the development of pancreatitis. A failure of fusion of the pancreatic ducts was seen in 21 out of 449 (4.7%) successful pancreatograms; four of these 21 patients had definite clinical evidence of pancreatitis and two patients had possible pancreatic disease, but in the remainder the anomaly was not considered to be clinically relevant. An abnormal pancreatogram suggesting pancreatitis was present in 116 out of the 428 patients (27.1%) with a normally fused duct system. The anomaly was found as frequently in the whole series as it was seen in patients with pancreatitis. These findings suggest that embryological failure of pancreatic duct fusion does not predispose to the development of pancreatitis. However, the presence of this anomaly may lead to misinterpretation of ultrasonographic and CT scan findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Proximal stomach and antrum in stomach emptying.

In a series of measurements of liquid-phase gastric emptying using a radionuclide marker on 35 subjects, five were identified in whom the proximal stomach and antrum were clearly distinguishable. Three of these subjects were normal controls and two suffered from systemic sclerosis. In the three normal subjects, analysis of the movement of the liquid showed the expected movement from fundus to antrum and thence through the pylorus. In the two patients with systemic sclerosis, there was, in contrast, evidence of mass retropulsion of the contents of the antrum into the fundus. In such cases, the measurement of stomach emptying based on the assumption of a single-compartment system in likely to be misleading.

Gastric Emptying↗
PubMed1979

Intestinal permeability in rats infected by Nippostrongylus brasiliensis.

Passive intestinal permeability has been investigated in rats infected by the nematode, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, by the simultaneous administration of two probe molecules. Experiments using a closed intestinal loop show that there is a significantly increased absorption of lactulose and decreased absorption of mannitol in rats at the 10th to 11th day of infection. Experiments using serial oral administration techniques show that these changes start during the second week of the infection with a return towards normal values by the end of the third week. The results are similar to those found in human coeliac disease and add weight to previous studies which have stressed the similarity in the two disease processes.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

A review of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome--with particular reference to a patient treated with cimetidine.

A case of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, presented with watery diarrhoea, malabsorption and multiple duodenal ulcers. Resection of a gastrinoma from the head of the pancreas was ineffective. Cimetidine, administered for more than 30 months produced an immediate and sustained relief of symptoms with a gain in weight of 19 kg and improvement of the biochemical features of malabsorption. Gastric acid secretion has been markedly inhibited and duodenal ulceration healed.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Haematemesis in Ménétrier's disease.

Three patients with Ménétrier's disease presented with massive haematemesis. One patient died. Ménétrier's disease may be associated with gastrointestinal haemorrhage and although it is rare it should be borne in mind as a cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. In one patient an elevated serum gastrin was found and the possible significance of this is briefly discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1979

The jaundiced patient.

Jaundice is a rewarding condition to investigate because an explanation is usually found. A preliminary diagnosis based on the clinical features and liver function tests is made. Specialized investigations are then undertaken. In cholestasis or if the diagnosis is in doubt an obstructing lesion must be excluded. Ultrasonography should be performed first followed by PTC if the ducts appear dilated, ERCP may be the most useful examination in patients whose ducts are normal and in those who have had previous biliary surgery. If either PTC or ERCP fails to demonstrate the biliary system the other should be attempted. Liver biopsy should be performed before submitting an undiagnosed jaundiced patient to surgery.

Anemia↗
PubMed1978

Lundh test and ERCP in pancreatic disease.

The Lundh test and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were used to investigate 40 patients with known or suspected pancreatic disease. Pancreatograms were classified as being normal or showing minimal or gross changes. There was good correlation between the two tests in assessing the degree of pancreatic disease (P less than 0.01). Gross radiographic changes were associated with a mean tryptic activity (MTA) of less than 6 IU/ml, while minimal changes were associated with an MTA between 6 and 14 IU/ml. Although some patients with normal pancreatograms had MTAs within this range, no patients with an MTA above 14 IU/ml had an abnormal pancreatogram. The Lundh meal is of great value in detecting extensive pancreatic disease and an unequivocally normal result virtually excludes significant chronic pancreatic disease. Values in the equivocal range usefully draw attention to early pancreatitis which may be confirmed by ERCP. In this paper the interpretation of pancreatograms is discussed and the clinical features of the patients with minimal change disease are reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Haematemesis: a new syndrome?

Three patients presented with symptoms suggesting a Mallory-Weiss tear. Endoscopy showed a localized, clearly demarcated area of bright red mucosa near the gastro-oesophageal junction; this was thought to have arisen by retrograde intussusception of the stomach during vomiting or retching and may have caused the haemorrhage.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

The exsorption characteristics of various sugars.

Various sugars were administered intravenously to rabbits and the rate of exsorption from plasma to intestinal lumen was measured. The exsorption rates of lactulose, mannose, and xylose were directly related to their plasma concentration but varied according to their molecular weight. Wglucose and galactose did not appear in the intestinal lumen until very high plasma concentrations were reached. The mucosal barrier which prevented glucose and galactose exsorption was abolished when luminal phlorizin M times 10-minus 2 or another actively absorbed sugar was placed in the lumen. 2:4 Dinitrophenol M times 10-minus 3 and the absence of the sodium ion did not impair the ffficiency of the barrier. When the plasma glucose concentration was raised to very high levels, glucose began to appear in the lumen; further increases in the glucose concentration then produced a rapid exsorption of glucose.

Animals↗
PubMed1973

Early endoscopy of oesophagus, stomach, and duodenal bulb in patients with haematemesis and melaena.

Oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy was successfully performed in 196 of 208 patients admitted with haematemesis or melaena, or both. A precise visual diagnosis was made in 80% of all patients and in 96% of those where the final diagnosis lay within the oesophagus, stomach, and first two parts of the duodenum. Bleeding oesophagitis was more common and bleeding duodenal ulcer less common than in other series using mainly radiology. Altogether, 26% of all patients with endoscopically-proved duodenal ulcers were bleeding from another site, and 15.4% of all patients had more than one lesion. This fact, and inability to detect surface lesions limits the value of acute barium radiology, which was performed in only 81 patients. Accurate diagnosis should lead to better understanding of individual lesions and more rational management of individual patients. Where a good service is available oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy should be performed on all bleeding patients within 24 hours of admission.

Adolescent↗