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Biomedical subjects

A Steiner

Publications and source records attributed to A Steiner.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Delegation of castration of calves and lambs to the livestock owner: internet survey of members of the Swiss Association for Ruminant Medicine].

According to the Swiss Federal law on animal protection and welfare, painful manipulations in animals have to be performed by a veterinarian under local or general anaesthesia, except for some specifically listed surgical interventions (article 65 of the by-law on animal protection). On September 1, 2001, castration of calves and lambs has been deleted from this list of exceptions. Since then, several pressure groups have requested these interventions to be delegated to the producers for economical reasons. The current article describes the results of a web-based survey on this subject, conducted among the members of the Swiss Association of ruminant practitioners (SARP). Two separate questionnaires--one focused on calves and one on lambs--were made available to the members of the SARP for a duration of 3 months as pdf-files on the homepage of the SARP (www.svwasmr.ch). On December 31, 2002, the deadline for submission of the completed questionnaires, the membership of the SARP was constituted of 360 practicing veterinarians. The response rate was 25%. Close to a hundred percents of the responding veterinarians expressed the expectation that the SARP publish guidelines on the castration of calves and lambs. An overwhelming majority refused the delegation of castrations to the producers, and further stated that they were not ready to accept any responsibility for interventions performed by the producers. However, a third of the responding veterinarians judged the expected workload for the castration of lambs to presumably exceed their current capacity. It is concluded from the results of this survey that the board of the SARP should urgently elaborate, discuss, and propose novel and innovative concepts to solve the issue of castration of calves and lambs.

Animal Welfare↗
PubMed2003

[The effect of a pain medication in bloodless castration of male calves on the concentrated feed intake, weight gain and serum cortisol level].

Since September 2001, castration of male calves in Switzerland is not allowed without anesthesia. The use of rubber rings for this purpose is forbidden. It was the goal of this study to describe the effect of a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug, administered additionally to sedation and local anesthesia, in clamp-castrated (Burdizzo) calves of 110 to 160 kg of body weight. Plasma fibrinogen concentration, white blood cell count, serum cortisol concentration, scrotal swelling, concentrate intake and weight gain were evaluated. A positive effect after administration of a NSAID was obvious for the serum cortisol concentration, the concentrate intake within the first 3 days after castration and scrotal swelling.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Open diagonal fracture of metatarsus III/IV and internal fixation in an alpaca].

This report describes the case of a 15-month-old alpaca stallion with an open fracture of metatarsus (MT) III/IV that occurred during transportation. Despite of a guarded prognosis, the animal was operated on request of the owner. The surgical intervention consisted of meticulous lavage and curettage of the wound and affected bone, precise fracture reduction, internal fixation with a 12-hole broad 3.5 mm DCP and implantation of a gentamicin impregnated collagen sponge. Primary wound healing was evident and the implant was removed at 3 months after the initial intervention. At 14 months after surgery, the stallion did not show any signs of lameness and was used for service.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

In vitro effects of cisapride, metoclopramide and bethanechol on smooth muscle preparations from abomasal antrum and duodenum of dairy cows.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of cisapride (CIS), metoclopramide (MET) and bethanechol (BET) on contractility parameters from smooth muscle preparations of the abomasal antrum and proximal duodenum of cows. Smooth muscle preparations were harvested shortly post-mortem from 42 healthy dairy cows, and concentration-response curves were performed by cumulative application of the drugs. Cisapride and MET did not have any significant effect on the contractility parameters studied, while BET induced a significant, concentration-dependent increase in basal tone (BT), mean amplitude (Amean), and area under the curve (AUC) in smooth muscle preparations from the abomasal antrum, but not from the duodenum. The effect of BET on BT was more pronounced in specimens with longitudinal orientation while the maximal obtainable effect (Vm) in Amean was more pronounced in circular-oriented preparations. Atropine (1 x 10-5 m) significantly inhibited the effect of BET, whereas pre-incubation with hexamethonium or tetrodotoxin (TTX) had no effect, suggesting that the effect was mediated by cholinergic receptors on the smooth muscle. The results may be relevant to diseases or disorders associated with gastric emptying and gastric hypomotility. Further investigations are warranted to investigate the potential ability of BET to enhance abomasal emptying of adult dairy cows.

Abomasum↗
PubMed2003

Modification of spontaneous contractility of smooth muscle preparations from the bovine abomasal antrum by serotonin receptor agonists.

The effects of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), a 5-HT2-receptor agonist, alpha-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine (alpha-M-5-HT) and RS-67506, a 5-HT4 receptor partial agonist, on spontaneous contractility of bovine abomasal smooth muscle preparations were investigated in vitro. Preparations from the abomasal antrum of freshly slaughtered healthy dairy cows were cut parallel to the longitudinal fibres, suspended in isolated organ baths, and concentration-response curves were performed by cumulative application of the 5-HT receptor agonists. Blockade of 5-HT2-induced response was tested with atropine and hexamethonium. Serotonin evoked a significant increase in the area under curve (AUC), whilst the 5-HT2 receptor agonist alpha-M-5-HT significantly increased the AUC and resting tone (RT). RS-67506 induced a significant increase in AUC and RT and a significant decrease in the maximum force. The effect of alpha-M-5-HT was mediated by a muscarinic cholinergic pathway, as the effect of alpha-M-5-HT was inhibited in the presence of atropine but not hexamethonium. It is concluded that 5-HT2 and 5-HT4 receptors are present in the bovine abomasal antrum. Muscarinic receptors are involved in the increase in RT seen after 5-HT2 receptor stimulation.

Abomasum↗
PubMed2003

An in vitro study on spontaneous cervical contractility in the cow during oestrus and diestrus.

Cervical smooth muscle specimens were collected from slaughtered cows in oestrus and diestrus. Longitudinal and circular specimens were mounted in organ baths and after equilibration time and 2 g pre-load, their physiologic isometric contractility was recorded for 2.5 h. Area under the curve (AUC), maximal amplitude (Amax), mean amplitude (Amen) and minimal amplitude (Amin) were studied. Differences between cycle phases, between muscle layers and over the recorded time periods were statistically evaluated using linear mixed-effect models. In the cow, physiologic contractility of the cervix decreased significantly over time for all variables evaluated (time as covariate on a continuous scale). Furthermore, for Amax, there was a tendency for an influence of muscle layer (longitudinal > circular). Contractility was not influenced by cycle phases.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Treatment of temporary upward fixation of the patella in an alpaca by abrasion trochleoplasty and imbrication of the medial retinacular fascia.

A two-year-old female alpaca suddenly became lame on its right hindlimb. Eight days later clinical and radiographic examinations showed that the patella had become temporarily fixed within the supratrochlear notch of the femur. Under general anaesthesia an abrasion trochleoplasty followed by fascial imbrication was carried out. After two weeks in supporting slings, the animal put full weight on the leg, and six months after the surgery it showed no signs of lameness or recurrence of the upward fixation.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

An in vitro study on spontaneous myometrial contractility in the cow during estrus and diestrus.

Myometrial smooth muscle strips were collected from slaughtered cows in estrus and diestrus. Longitudinal and circular smooth muscle strips were mounted in organ baths and after equilibration time and 2g preload, their physiologic contractility was recorded for 3h. Area under the curve (AUC), mean amplitude (MA) and frequency of contractions (F) were studied. Differences between cycle phases, between muscle layers and over the recorded time period were statistically evaluated. In the cow, physiologic contractility patterns (measured as AUC and MA) of circular versus longitudinal myometrial strips are always different during the 3h recording. Significant differences between estrus versus diestrus are only found for circular layers, but not for longitudinal layers. Significant differences over time are only found for longitudinal layers.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Castration of male lambs and calves: explanations and comments of art. 65 TSchV].

Since September 1, 2001, castration of male calves and small ruminants in Switzerland is not allowed without anesthesia. The use of rubber rings for that purpose is forbidden. This change of the legislation has been claimed by the Swiss consumers and is aimed to increase the animal welfare. The current paper provides a review of the different techniques of anesthesia and castration that may be advocated in male ruminants. Sedation with xylazine and injection of lidocaine in the area of the base of the scrotum, followed by closed castration with the Burdizzo represents a safe technique for painfree castration of calves and lambs.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed2002

[Unilateral laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy in a llama].

Cryptorchism is an inherited congenital abnormality characterized by the failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum. Diagnosis can be difficult if the retained testicular tissue cannot be localized during clinical examination and the history of the animal is unknown, or if the animal shows persistent male behaviour despite the history of successful previous castration. The present case report describes the history of a cryptorchid Lama and the techniques of general anesthesia and laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy advocated.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Lupus anticoagulant and venous leg ulceration.

BACKGROUND: Most leg ulcers occur in patients with venous insufficiency. However, not all patients with venous insufficiency develop leg ulcers. Recent studies have found that factors causing clotting abnormalities, e.g. anticardiolipin antibody (ACA), are associated with leg ulcers. Although lupus anticoagulant, like ACA, belongs to the group of antiphospholipid antibodies, its presence in patients with venous leg ulceration has not been previously reported. OBJECTIVES: To determine the presence of lupus anticoagulant in patients with venous leg ulceration. METHODS: We investigated the presence of lupus anticoagulant in 27 patients with venous leg ulcers and compared these data with controls. Lupus anticoagulant was evaluated in all subjects by the Russell's viper venom test. RESULTS: Of 27 patients with venous leg ulceration, 16 (59%) were shown to have lupus anticoagulant, while only one of 32 controls (3%) was found to have lupus anticoagulant. Thus, lupus anticoagulant was significantly more frequent in patients with venous leg ulcers than in controls (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that lupus anticoagulant could be a hitherto unknown factor contributing to the development of venous leg ulcers.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Fenestration of the abaxial hoof wall and implantation of gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponges for the treatment of septic arthritis of the distal interphalangeal joint in cattle.

A novel surgical approach to the distal interphalangeal joint of cattle, through the abaxial hoof wall, for the treatment of septic arthritis is described. In seven cattle a rectangular piece of horn (15 x 40 mm) was excised from the abaxial hoof wall and the joint was lavaged with Ringer's solution. Infected and/or necrotic tissue was removed from the joint and gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponges were introduced. The piece of horn was reattached, a rubber block was glued to the contralateral claw, and a bandage applied. Aftercare consisted of changes of bandage, systemic administration of antimicrobial drugs and box rest. At follow-up, six of the cattle were sound but one cow which had been slaughtered five months after surgery had remained slightly lame.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Comparison of thelotomy and theloscopic triangulation for the treatment of distal teat obstructions in dairy cows--a retrospective study (1994-1998).

The medical records of 56 cows suffering from teat obstructions in the area of the rosette of Fürstenberg were reviewed; 22 were treated by thelotomy and 34 by theloscopic triangulation and the long-term results were reviewed by telephone conversations with the owners up to four years after the surgery. The milk flow at the fourth milking session after surgery was significantly better in the cows treated by theloscopy and, as a result, fewer of these cows required the teat sphinder to be cut. The cows treated by theloscopy also stayed in hospital for a significantly shorter period and suffered fewer episodes of mastitis.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Therapeutic nursing or unblocking beds? A randomised controlled trial of a post-acute intermediate care unit.

OBJECTIVES: To compare post-acute intermediate care in an inpatient nurse-led unit with conventional post-acute care on general medical wards of an acute hospital and to examine the model of care in a nurse-led unit. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial with six month follow up. SETTING: Urban teaching hospital and surrounding area, including nine community hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: 238 patients accepted for admission to nurse-led unit. INTERVENTIONS: Care in nurse-led unit or usual post-acute care. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patients' length of stay, functional status, subsequent move to more dependent living arrangement. RESULTS: Inpatient length of stay was significantly longer in the nurse-led unit than in general medical wards (14.3 days longer (95% confidence interval 7.8 to 20.7)), but this difference became non-significant when transfers to community hospitals were included in the measure of initial length of stay (4.5 days longer (-3.6 to 12.5)). No differences were observed in mortality, functional status, or living arrangements at any time. Patients in the nurse-led unit received significantly fewer minor medical investigations and, after controlling for length of stay, significantly fewer major reviews, tests, or drug changes. CONCLUSIONS: The nurse-led unit seemed to be a safe alternative to conventional management, but a full accounting of such units' place in the local continuum of care and the costs associated with acute hospitals managing post-acute patients is needed if nurse-led units are to become an effective part of the government's recent commitment to intermediate care.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

N,N'-dialkylimidazolium chloroplatinate(II), chloroplatinate(IV), and chloroiridate(IV) salts and an N-heterocyclic carbene complex of platinum(II): synthesis in ionic liquids and crystal structures.

The first imidazole-type carbene complex of platinum(II), cis-(C2H4)(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene)PtCl2, has been obtained by reacting PtCl2 and PtCl4 with ethylene in the basic [EMIM]Cl/AlCl3 (1.3:1) ionic liquid (where [EMIM]+ = 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium) at 200 degrees C and structurally characterized (monoclinic P21/c space group, a = 10.416(2) A, b = 7.3421(9) A, c = 15.613(2) A, beta = 101.53(2) degrees, Z = 4). This complex can be regarded as a stable analogue of the pi-alkene-Pd(II)-carbene intermediate in the Heck reaction. In addition, a series of new N,N'-dialkylimidazolium salts of platinum group metals of the type [RMIM]2[MCln], where [RMIM+] = 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium and M = Pt(II), Pt(IV), or Ir(IV), have been prepared and characterized. The salts [EMIM]2[PtCl6] (1) and [EMIM]2[PtCl4] (2) were prepared in the ionic liquid [EMIM]Cl/AlCl3 and the salts [BMIM]2[PtCl4] (3) and [BMIM]2[PtCl6] (4) (where [BMIM]+ = 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium) and [EMIM]2-[IrCl6] (5) in aqueous or acetonitrile media. From TGA measurements, salts 1-5 decompose in air in several steps eventually to form the corresponding metal, the onset of decomposition being observed at (degree C) 260 (1), 220 (2), 200 (3), 215 (4), and 210 (5). The structures of 1, 2, and 5 were determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The three salts crystallize in the monoclinic P21/n space group (1, a = 7.6433(9) A, b = 16.353(2) A, c = 9.213(1) A, beta = 113.56(1) degrees, Z = 2; 2, a = 8.601(1) A, b = 8.095(2) A, c = 13.977(2) A, beta = 91.75(2) degrees, Z = 2; 5, a = 10.353(2) A, b = 9.759(2) A, c = 10.371(2) A, beta = 92.98(3) degrees, Z = 2).

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

[Mondor phlebitis associated with hepatitis C].

Mondor's disease in association with hepatitis C. We report a case of a 40 years old patient suffering from Mondor's disease. Neither a malignancy nor a disturbance of the clotting system was found. This case is remarkable for the association with hepatitis C.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Nurse-led intermediate care: an opportunity to develop enhanced roles for nurses?

BACKGROUND: Nurse-led intermediate care units are being set up across the UK primarily as potential solutions to hospital bed crises. AIMS: This paper draws on data collected as part of a comprehensive evaluation of one 10-bedded nurse-led unit (NLU) located in the South of England. It explores the potential for enhanced nursing roles provided by such units by focusing on the views of NLU nursing staff and other professional groups within the Hospital Trust where the unit is located. METHODS: A total of 38 in-depth audio-taped qualitative interviews were conducted with NLU nursing staff and with a range of other professional groups (managers, acute ward nurses and doctors). FINDINGS: These data indicated that models of nurse-led postacute care do provide opportunities for nurses to develop enhanced nursing roles in which care associated with concepts of therapeutic nursing can be provided. However, even though the nurses derived satisfaction from their work on the NLU this model of care was seen by junior and middle grade nurses and other professional groups as being of low status. In contrast to senior nurses' views, they did not equate work on the NLU with the continuing professionalization of nursing. Senior nurses viewed the route to developing nursing on the NLU as involving nurses as doctor substitutes (extended roles) rather than as working in separate but complementary therapeutic domains (enhanced roles). CONCLUSIONS: NLUs provide opportunities for nurses to develop enhanced roles in which they can work autonomously in providing elements of therapeutic nursing aimed at improving patient outcomes at discharge. However, education, training and leadership will be needed to ensure that such opportunities are well understood and are optimized to the benefit of nurses and their patients.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗