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Biomedical subjects

A Stein

Publications and source records attributed to A Stein.

339 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Discovering physical abuse: insights from a follow-up study of delinquents.

In a follow-up study of incarcerated Connecticut youth, 66 subjects participated in extensive personal interviews. This paper documents discrepancies between early data regarding abuse and retrospective self-reports of abuse given at the time of follow-up. It describes the development of an interview protocol in which inquiries regarding medical history, the general temperament of caretakers and their behaviors when intoxicated, and instruments and methods of punishment used in the home enabled subjects to describe abusive experiences not disclosed in response to direct questions about maltreatment. The paper also discusses the use of explicitly worded probes to flesh out a clear picture of subjects' experiences. The conflicts that underlie denial or minimization of abuse are discussed, along with interviewing strategies for overcoming them.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Eating habits and eating disorders during pregnancy.

A general population sample of 100 primigravid women was studied prospectively to describe the changes in eating that occur in pregnancy with particular reference to cravings and aversions and the behavior and attitudes characteristic of clinical eating disorders. Assessment was by standardized interview. Dietary cravings and aversions were found to be common and largely confined to early pregnancy. Eating disorder features decreased in severity early in pregnancy but increased later on. Dietary cravings rarely resulted in episodes of overeating like those seen in patients with eating disorders. In this study of a general population sample, no evidence was found of a relationship between pregnancy outcome and the severity of eating disorder features prior to pregnancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Eating habits and attitudes in the postpartum period.

The object of this study was to examine the changes in women's eating habits and attitudes in the 6 months after childbirth, focusing particularly on eating-disorder psychopathology. A general population sample of 97 primigravid women originally studied during pregnancy were followed for 6 months postpartum to describe their changes in eating and weight after childbirth with particular reference to the behaviors and attitudes characteristic of clinical eating disorders. Assessment was by standardized interview. It was found that eating disorder symptoms increased markedly in the 3 months postpartum and then plateaued over the next 6 months. This overall plateauing masked substantial variation in different domains; in particular, weight concern continued to increase to the 6-month assessment, although shape concern decreased. Concern about residual weight gain after the birth of a child was described by many mothers as particularly distressing and seemed to precipitate a clinical eating disorder in a few cases. Many women would have welcomed educational advice about how to deal with changes in eating, weight, and shape after pregnancy. It was concluded, therefore, that overall, there is evidence of an increase in eating-disorder psychopathology in the 6 months after childbirth. It is argued that education about how to deal with the changes in weight and shape after pregnancy might decrease the risk of developing frank eating disorder psychopathology.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Qualitative interview study of communication between parents and children about maternal breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To examine parents' communication with their children about the diagnosis and initial treatment of breast cancer in the mother. DESIGN: Qualitative interview study within cross sectional cohort. SETTING: Two breast cancer treatment centres. PARTICIPANTS: 32 women with stage I or stage II breast cancer with a total of 56 school aged children. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Semistructured interview regarding timing and extent of communication with children about the diagnosis and initial treatment of the mother's illness, reasons for talking to children or withholding information, and help available and requested from health professionals. RESULTS: Women were most likely to begin talking to their children after their diagnosis had been confirmed by biopsy, but a minority waited until after surgery or said nothing at all. Family discussion did not necessarily include mention of cancer. There was considerable consistency in the reasons given for either discussing or not discussing the diagnosis. The most common reason for not communicating was avoidance of children's questions and particularly those about death. While most mothers experienced helpful discussion with a doctor concerning their illness, few were offered help with talking to children; many would have liked help, particularly the opportunity for both parents to talk to a health professional with experience in understanding and talking to children. CONCLUSIONS: Parents diagnosed with cancer or other serious illnesses should be offered help to think about whether, what, and how to tell their children and about what children can understand, especially as they may well be struggling themselves to come to terms with their illness.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Optimization of a monitoring network for sulfur dioxide.

In this study, we develop and apply a methodology to reduce an existing monitoring network to find an optimal configuration of a smaller network. We use a criterion based on locally weighted regression with two different weight functions. The methodology is applied to the Dutch national SO2 network and offers the possibility to include different politically relevant options in the model by weight criteria. Because full enumeration of all monitoring networks is impossible, a combinatorial search algorithm is applied to find a (sub)optimal solution. If different (optimal) monitoring networks result from different criteria, then the best can be selected.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Echocardiographic diagnosis of valvular vegetations. Study of a case].

A case of a 23 year old patient with clinical manifestations of subacute bacterial endocarditis is presented, proven during the surgical treatment, in which it was possible to establish the diagnoses of a vegetation of the mitral valve through echocardiography. The echocardiographic changes produced by vegetations are analyzed and the technical defects which may lead to interpretation mistakes. It is concluded, that this non-ivasive method is of very usefull diagnozing the establishment of vegetations on the cardiac valves.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hepatic tumoral form of bacterial infections. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations apropos of 3 cases].

When the clinical picture and complementary tests reveal a tumoural formation in the liver suggesting cancer, it is often difficult to diagnose such formations resulting from bacterial infection without surgical exploration. The diagnosis is particularly difficult since exclusive hepatic formations are extremely rare, the latency period is often long and specific markers are often lacking. We observed 3 such cases with local hepatic tumour-like formations due to tuberculosis, brucellosis and actinomycosis. Pathology examination of a liver biopsy can contribute to the diagnosis and avoid unnecessary exploratory laparotomy allowing successful medical treatment.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Chronic osteomyelitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae with a 50 year course. Medicosurgical management].

The 50-year clinical course of a case of osteomyelitis of the left tibia is reported. Surgical specimens were positive for Klebsiella pneumoniae allowing treatment with certriaxone and ciprofloxacine. After antibiotic therapy, regional skin expansion was possible with excision and simultaneous closure of a wide area of damaged skin resulting from the long-term infection.

Anti-Infective Agents↗