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Biomedical subjects

A Spector

Publications and source records attributed to A Spector.

194 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Whose quality of life is it anyway? The validity and reliability of the Quality of Life-Alzheimer's Disease (QoL-AD) scale.

Quality of life (QoL) is becoming an increasingly used outcome measure in both clinical practice and research. There are now more than 1000 scales available to measure QoL, and it is important that they are assessed for reliability and validity. This study aims to assess the reliability and validity of the Quality of Life-Alzheimer's Disease (QoL-AD) scale, which is dementia specific and brief and uses the patient's own responses. Two separate samples of people with dementia (sample 1, n = 60; sample 2, n = 201) were assessed. Five focus groups were conducted involving both people with dementia and their caregivers; the focus groups showed that people with dementia had higher hopes for their QoL than their caregivers did for them. Questionnaires about the scale were completed by 71 health care professionals working with people with dementia. The scale was found to have good content validity with no additional items required and all items necessary. It also correlated well with the Dementia Quality of Life scale (0.69) and with the Euroqol-5D scale (0.54), indicating good criterion concurrent validity. Construct validity was also good with the principal components analysis showing all 13 items of the QoL-AD loaded on component 1. Interrater reliability was excellent with all Cohen's kappa values >0.70. Internal consistency was excellent with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.82. Some people with severe dementia and a Mini-Mental State Examination score as low as 3 were able to satisfactorily complete the QoL-AD. The QoL-AD has very good psychometric properties and can be completed with people with a wide range of severity of dementia.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunofluorescent localization of two intrinsic membrane polypeptides in adult human lenses.

Two major intrinsic membrane polypeptides of molecular weights 22K and 26K have been isolated and antisera for each prepared against highly purified preparations. The lack of reactivity of these antibodies in several other tissues suggests that they are unique to the lens. These antisera were used for localization of these polypeptides in adult human lenses by indirect immunofluorescent staining. Neither of the polypeptides is found in the epithelial cells; however those cells commencing differentiation show some fluorescent staining. The elongating fiber cells of the bow region show cytoplasmic staining for both 22K and 26K. This may reflect their sites of synthesis. In this region the species of 22K studies showed no localization in the membrane; however, 26K is concentrated at the membrane as evidenced by the intense band of fluorescent staining in this region. In the lens inner cortical region, there is a loss of cytoplasmic staining and both polypeptides appear to be membrane bound. This redistribution of the membrane polypeptides occurring in the inner cortex is at the site of considerable lens fiber contour alterations.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sodium/potassium ATPase in normal and cataractous human lenses.

Na/K ATPase activity has been determined in normal and cataractous human lenses using labeled ATP as a substrate. The enzyme is distributed throughout the lens with approximately 1/3 of the total activity in the capsule-epithelium and 1/2 of the activity in the cortex. Furthermore, the activity of Na/K ATPase decreases with increasing age and this decrease occurs primarily in the inner nuclear region. In severe cataractous lenses, a marked decrease in the Na/K ATPase activity has been demonstrated in all parts of the lens, in contrast to immature cataracts, where the decrease in the enzyme activity occurs primarily in the cortical and nuclear regions.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oxidation and aspects of ocular pathology.

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a relatively stable oxidant, is present at low concentrations in the normal eye and is found at elevated concentrations in some patients with maturity-onset cataract. Recently, this laboratory has shown that H2O2 concentrations at levels only slightly above normal physiologic levels cause single-strand breaks in DNA within cultured lens epithelial cells obtained from calf lenses. It is hypothesized that such damage may contribute to the onset of cataract. The major enzyme which metabolizes H2O2 at the concentrations found in the eye is glutathione peroxidase. Since older individuals may have reduced activities of this enzyme and other enzymes involved in oxidative defense, this laboratory is synthesizing low-molecular-weight glutathione peroxidase mimics. It is possible that development of such compounds may improve the capacity of the lens to withstand oxidative stress in vitro.

Animals↗