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Biomedical subjects

A Sommer

Publications and source records attributed to A Sommer.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Ofloxacin in the therapy of Campylobacter pylori-positive duodenal ulcer. A prospective controlled randomized study].

50 patients with duodenal ulcer and Campylobacter pylori cultured from the antral mucosa were randomly divided into two groups of 25. They received either ranitidine 300 mg at night or the same dose of ranitidine combined with twice daily 200 mg ofloxacin. Endoscopic check and biopsy for histological and microbiological tests were performed every two weeks until demonstrable cure of the ulcer. After two weeks the cure rates were 44 and 80%, respectively, after four weeks 68 and 92%, and after six weeks 88 and 100%. The difference in healing time between ranitidine alone and ranitidine plus ofloxacin was statistically significant (P less than 0.025). Campylobacter pylori was no longer demonstrable in two of 25 patients after ranitidine alone and in 24 of 25 after ranitidine-ofloxacin. The minimal inhibitory concentration of ofloxacin against tested Campylobacter pylori strains was 0.5-1.0 micrograms/ml. Both groups were comparable as to age and sex distribution; duration of history of ulcer, and number of previous ulcers; nicotine and alcohol consumption; intake of nonsteroidal antirheumatic drugs; other previous treatment; size and complications of the ulcers; and number of accompanying diseases. The results speak for Campylobacter pylori playing a role in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Probing ribosome function and the location of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein L5 with a monoclonal antibody.

A monoclonal antibody specific for Escherichia coli ribosomal protein L5 was isolated from a cell line obtained from Dr. David Schlessinger. Its unique specificity for L5 was confirmed by one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis and immunoblotting. The antibody recognized L5 both in 50 S subunits and 70 S ribosomes. Both antibody and Fab fragments had similar effects on the ribosome functions tested. Antibody bound to 50 S subunits inhibited their reassociation with 30 S subunits at 10 mM Mg2+ but not 15 mM, the concentration present for in vitro protein synthesis. The 70 S couples were not dissociated by the antibody. The antibody caused inhibition of polyphenylalanine synthesis at molar ratios to 50 S or 70 S particles of 4:1. The major inhibitory effect was on the peptidyltransferase reaction. There was no effect on either elongation factor binding or the associated GTPase activities. The site of antibody binding to 50 S was determined by electron microscopy. Antibody was seen to bind beside the central protuberance or head of the particle, on the side away from the L7/L12 stalk, and on or near the region at which the 50 S subunit interacts with the 30 S subunit. This site of antibody binding is fully consistent with its biochemical effects.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Screening for glaucomatous visual field loss with automated threshold perimetry.

We examined 27 glaucomatous eyes and 154 normal eyes with automated threshold perimetry. Previously suggested algorithms for detecting mild to moderate glaucomatous visual field loss, primarily by comparing the sensitivity of corresponding clusters of points above and below the horizontal meridian, yielded results remarkably consistent with those of our earlier series: 93% (25 of 27) of abnormal and 88% (135 of 154) of normal eyes were correctly identified. Excluding unreliable examinations increased specificity from 88% to 93%. Test duration was similar to results with the Field Analyzer's older, purportedly slower operating system.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Internal biliary drainage in the "rendezvous" procedure. Combined transhepatic endoscopic retrograde methods].

Positioning of an internal biliary drainage is the treatment of choice in inoperable malignant stenoses of the ductus hepatocholedochus. The "rendezvous procedure" combines percutaneous transhepatic and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. It enables positioning of the internal drain in about 95% of the cases within 40-60 minutes at a low complication rate. This method has been applied so far in 22 patients and was successful in 21 cases. A steel guide protected by a plastic catheter is advanced transhepatically into the duodenum. Papillotomy which cannot be achieved by conventional technique is performed by the Mori-knife technique. The drain (French 11-12) is positioned with endoscopic viewing employing the conventional technique. Highly positioned or long stenoses can be overcome more effectively with this method. The transhepatic guide can be tautened, resulting in a markedly enhanced thrust to position a drain in patients with Billroth II gastrectomy. Conversion of percutaneous to internal biliary drainage is usually feasible.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

A form of human basic fibroblast growth factor with an extended amino terminus.

The amino acid sequence of a human placental bFGF was determined by a combination of protein and cDNA sequencing. The placental bFGF consists of 157 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 17,464 and is highly homologous to bovine pituitary bFGF. The human protein contains an amino terminal extension when compared to the sequence established for bovine bFGF (Esch et al., 1985) and to the sequence of the predicted translation product based on human bFGF cDNA clones (Abraham et al., 1986).

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Vitamin A supplements and mortality related to measles: a randomised clinical trial.

One hundred and eighty children admitted with measles were randomly allocated to receive routine treatment alone or with additional large doses of vitamin A (200,000 IU orally immediately and again the next day). Baseline characteristics of the two groups were virtually identical for age, severity of measles, and vitamin A and general nutritional states. In 91% of the children serum vitamin A concentrations were less than 0.56 mumol/l. Of the 88 subjects given vitamin A supplements, six (7%) died; of the 92 controls, 12 (13%) died (p = 0.13). This difference in mortality was most obvious for children aged under 2 years (one death out of 46 children receiving supplements versus seven deaths out of 42 controls; p less than 0.05) and for cases complicated by croup or laryngotracheobronchitis. Mortality was several times higher in marasmic than in better nourished children, regardless of study allocation (p less than 0.01).

Child↗
PubMed1987

[Gastrointestinal bleeding in solitary colonic ulcers].

With the spread of coloileoscopy, solitary colon ulcers are being diagnosed more frequently nowadays. Their clinical significance consists in the differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding and abdominal pain. Whereas they were formerly diagnosed surgically only in complications such as perforation or massive hemorrhage, they are mainly discovered coloscopically today and are characterized by a course which can be controlled conservatively. The characteristics appear to be essentially unchanged: sex ratio (about 1:1), age peak (in the fifth decade of life), age distribution (20-80 years), in occasional cases up to four ulcers, diameter (a few millimeters up to about three cm) and localization (Bauhin's valve 58%, ascending colon 13%, cecum and sigmoid colon 10%). The histological investigation of biopsies reveals mainly unspecific alterations. The pathogenesis is mostly unknown, but above all ischemia, drugs and inflammatory processes are suspected to be the cause.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1987

The prevalence of glaucoma among Eskimos of northwest Alaska.

Data collected during a population-based general ophthalmic prevalence survey among Alaska's northwestern Eskimos were analyzed to determine the prevalence of glaucoma. Of the 1686 Eskimos examined, 11 cases (0.65%) of glaucoma were found, including ten cases of angle closure glaucoma (both chronic and acute forms) and a single case of open angle glaucoma. This indicates the rarity of open angle glaucoma in Eskimo eyes and a reversal of the typical pattern found in the general US population. Narrow angle glaucoma occurred at a rate of 2.65% in Eskimos older than 40 years of age, the prevalence increasing with age in both sexes. Women were afflicted almost four times as often as men, and the sex difference persisted across all age groups. Anterior chamber angles appeared clinically narrower with age and among women. Seventeen percent of all Eskimos older than 50 years had occludable angles by gonioscopy. These findings target older Eskimo women as a group particularly at risk for angle closure glaucoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Intraocular lens power calculations. A practical evaluation in normal subjects at the Wilmer Institute.

The practical value of preoperative intraocular lens power calculations in "normal" eyes with less than 4.50 diopters (D) of myopia or hyperopia was evaluated in a consecutive series of 520 eyes that underwent cataract extraction and lens implantation by four experienced surgeons at The Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute. The observed postoperative results with the lenses selected by the surgeons were compared with results calculated for the measurement-predicted emmetropic power lens and for a standard 20-D lens. The need for postoperative spectacle correction of residual refractive errors was comparable for all three choices of lens. Only two eyes (0.4%) would have developed greater than 4.00 D of refractive error with either the "implanted" or "predicted-emmetropic" lenses, as would 11 eyes (2.1%) with the "standard" 20-D lens. The surgeons' deviation from the calculated emmetropic lens did not reduce postoperative refractive error.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

A longitudinal study of the age-adjusted variability of automated visual fields.

Twenty-six normal eyes of 26 subjects were tested three times during an 18-month period using the 30-2 program of the Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer (Humphrey Instruments, San Leandro, Calif). For the average eye, the SD of threshold values over time ranged from 1.8 to 5.5 dB, depending on the location in the field. For those subjects under 60 years of age, SDs ranged from 1.2 to 2.8 dB. For those subjects 60 years of age and older, the range was 2.2 to 8.3 dB. Short-term fluctuations contributed 25% of the variability of threshold measurements over time. Short-term and long-term variations were greater in older eyes, but long-term variability was more affected by age than was short-term variation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Impression cytology for detection of vitamin A deficiency.

Vitamin A (retinol) deficiency causes blindness, increased morbidity, and mortality among preschool children in many developing nations. Previous studies suggest that impression cytology may represent the first simple, reliable test to detect mild xerophthalmia in young children. We used impression cytology to evaluate and follow up 75 Indonesian preschool children with mild xerophthalmia and an equal number of age-matched, clinically normal neighborhood controls. Results of impression cytology, which were closely correlated with baseline serum vitamin A levels, documented histologic improvement following treatment with vitamin A. Furthermore, results of impression cytology, where abnormal, improved to normal following vitamin A treatment in a significant percentage (23%) of otherwise clinically normal children. Impression cytology appears to detect clinical and physiologically significant preclinical vitamin A deficiency.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Recognizing glaucomatous field loss with the Humphrey STATPAC.

The results generated by the STATPAC program of the Humphrey Field Analyzer (Allergan Humphrey, San Leandro, Calif) from 72 eyes with documented early visual field loss and 98 normal eyes were examined. When global summary indexes and their significance levels were used to compare the tested eyes with age-matched normal values, STATPAC yielded a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 84%. In comparison, analysis by an independent, previously reported method yielded a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 90%. STATPAC results were strongly influenced by the reliability of the tested subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Achondroplasia-hypochondroplasia complex.

We report on a 14-year-old girl with the achondroplasia-hypochondroplasia complex. This patient has been reported previously [McKusick et al, 1973], and we offer an update on her condition. The patient has clinical features different from both achondroplasia and hypochondroplasia and is mentally retarded. Radiological changes, which have occurred over 14 years, are included.

Achondroplasia↗
PubMed1987

Thanatophoric dysplasia and cloverleaf skull.

Nine infants with thanatophoric dysplasia (TD) and cloverleaf skull (CS) are reported. Twenty-two previously published CSTD cases are reviewed. These CSTD cases are compared to cases of TD without CS. It is concluded that there are two types of TD: type 1, with curved femora and very flat vertebral bodies; and type 2, with straight femora and taller vertebral bodies. Consistent but subtle histopathological characteristics differentiate the two types. Only a very few type 1 cases have CS, and the CS is mild. Almost all type 2 cases have severe CS.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Increased risk of xerophthalmia following diarrhea and respiratory disease.

Preschool-age rural Indonesian children were reexamined every 3 mo for 18 mo. An average of 3228 were free of xerophthalmia at the examination initiating each of the six, 3-mo follow-up intervals. Children with respiratory disease and/or a recent history of diarrhea at the start of an interval developed xerophthalmia by the end of the interval at more than twice the rate of their healthier peers (p less than 0.05) independent of anthropometric status. It appears that vitamin A deficiency and infections, especially diarrhea and respiratory disease, can establish a vicious cycle that induces and perpetuates ocular and systemic disease.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1987

Influence of participation on mortality in a randomized trial of vitamin A prophylaxis.

Mortality of Sumatran children living in villages randomized to participate in a vitamin A capsule (200,000 IU) distribution program who received the capsule (n = 9776) was compared with those who did not (n = 2447) and with children living in villages randomized to serve as control subjects (n = 12,173). During the 4 mo after completion of the first distribution, mortality among preschool capsule recipients was less than 4% that of nonrecipients (p less than 0.001). Mortality among preschool nonrecipients was three times that of controls (p less than 0.05), suggesting strong selection bias. The potential biologic impact on childhood mortality attributable to vitamin A supplementation is estimated to exceed the 34% previously derived from the more conservative intent-to-treat analysis. One capsule every 6 mo may provide adequate protection for the vast majority of children. The single major limitation to maximum impact appears to be inadequate program coverage.

Capsules↗