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Biomedical subjects

A Singh

Publications and source records attributed to A Singh.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Effects of sodium diacetate on the growth, feed efficiency, and intestinal microflora of broilers.

Three levels of sodium diacetate (.625, 1.25, and 3.75 g/kg diet) were incorporated into the diets of day-old broiler chicks. A control ration and a 20 mg/kg aureomycin ration were fed to additional groups of chicks. Each treatment contained 40 chickens at 3 weeks; the number was reduced to 20 chickens at 5 and 8 weeks. At 3 and 8 weeks of age, the large and small intestines of 5 chickens from each treatment were examined for selected microorganisms. Chick growth and feed efficiency were also recorded. The entire experiment was run twice, but in Trial 2 the lowest level of sodium diacetate treatment was replaced by a combination of sodium diacetate (.625 g/kg diet) and aureomycin (20 mg/kg diet). No improvement in the rate of growth was found in the sodium diacetate-treated groups, although additional weight gain was detected in aureomycin-fed groups at 2 weeks of age. Improved feed efficiency in the treated groups (sodium diacetate and aureomycin) was observed in both trials at 2 weeks and at 3 weeks of age in Trial 1. No feed efficiency effects were observed after that time. The sodium diacetate-fed groups showed an increased lactobacilli population in the small intestine along with a concurrent decrease in streptococci. The effect of sodium diacetate in reducing total coliforms in the large intestine was more obvious at 3 weeks than at 8 weeks. Aureomycin appeared to suppress the population of lactobacilli and total coliforms in this study. A combination of sodium diacetate and aureomycin failed to exhibit a synergistic effect either on the growth rate or on the intestinal microflora.

Acetates↗
PubMed1985

Isolation of cellulolytic mutants of thermotolerant fungus Chaetomium cellulolyticum ATCC 32319.

Spores of Chaetomium cellulolyticum were treated with 200 micrograms/ml of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and seven mutants producing clear zones around their colonies on modified Vogels medium were isolated. Mutant NG7 showed altered morphological characteristics and produced more cellulases (CMCase--15 units, FPA--6.5 units, CDA--0.80 units and cellobiase--4.7 units/ml) than its parental strain (CMCase--10 units, FPA--4.5 units, CDA--0.36 units and cellobiase--2.7 units/ml). Cellulase preparation was used to saccharify rice straw, wheat straw, bagasse and sawdust, pretreated with 1% sodium hydroxide.

Ascomycota↗
PubMed1985

Cardiovocal syndrome in infancy.

Chronic hoarseness is a rare presenting or accompanying sign of congestive heart failure in infancy. Two infants had a paralyzed left vocal cord, secondary to traction on their left recurrent laryngeal nerve. Both had significant underlying congenital heart disease (type 2 aortopulmonary window, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus; large ventricular septal defect). After surgical repair of their congenital heart defect, both infants had normal vocal cord function. Direct laryngoscopy is necessary to diagnose the cause of persistent hoarseness in infancy. If a paralyzed left vocal cord is found, a comprehensive cardiovascular diagnostic work-up is warranted.

Angiocardiography↗
PubMed1985

Cholinergic properties of the bronchial artery and contribution of the endothelium.

Using selective agonists and antagonists, both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors were identified in the bovine bronchial artery. The helical bronchial artery strips contracted to acetylcholine and methacholine and responses to both were blocked by atropine. Nicotine contractions were blocked by both atropine and hexamethonium. Longitudinal strips responded poorly to both acetylcholine and nicotine. Sixty-five percent of pre-contracted bronchial arterial strips with intact endothelium relaxed in the presence of low concentrations of acetylcholine (1 X 10(-9)M to 1 X 10(-7)M), while those strips without endothelium did not. The presence or absence of endothelium was shown histologically, as was the identification of cholinergic fibers located in the adventitia and outer layers of the tunica media of the bronchial artery. These data confirm the hypothesis of vagal innervation of the bronchial artery and also suggest a role for the endothelium in modulating this artery's response to acetylcholine stimulation in obstructive airway diseases.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1984

Synthesis, secretion and processing of alpha-factor-interferon fusion proteins in yeast.

A gene fusion consisting of 960 base pairs of 5'-flanking region of the yeast MF alpha 1 gene, 257 base pairs coding for alpha-factor prepro sequence, and a modified human IFN-alpha 1 gene was constructed. MAT alpha cells containing the chimeric gene synthesized and secreted active IFN-alpha 1 into the growth medium. The secreted interferon molecules contained the last 4 amino acids of alpha-factor prepro sequence and the amino acids encoded by the DNA modifications introduced at the beginning of IFN-alpha 1 gene. DNA sequences coding for these amino acids were removed by oligonucleotide-directed in vitro mutagenesis. Yeast cells transformed with expression plasmids containing the altered junction synthesized and secreted human IFN-alpha 1 with the natural NH2-terminus.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1984

Inter-observer variation between pathologists in the classification of cutaneous malignant melanoma in western Australia.

Inter-observer variation between six pathologists in their application of histological classifications during a survey of cutaneous malignant melanoma was analysed using kappa statistics. The highest levels of adjusted agreement were attained for tumour thickness and the presence of ulceration; intermediate levels were achieved on cross-sectional profile, level of invasion, histogenetic type, solar elastosis and the presence of an associated benign melanocytic lesion; agreement on other histological features of melanoma tended to be relatively poor. The problems experienced in the interpretation of these classifications are discussed and suggestions for their improvement are offered.

Australia↗
PubMed1984

Acquired pulmonary stenosis due to pleomorphic adenocarcinoma.

Acquired pulmonary stenosis was diagnosed in a 53 year old woman presenting with the unusual feature of an oral murmur. Mediastinotomy showed extensive malignant tissue surrounding the pulmonary artery, although a mediastinal mass was not evident on chest radiographs. Histological examination confirmed a pleomorphic adenocarcinoma, which has not previously been reported as causing acquired pulmonary stenosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Pulmonary gallium concentration in the adult respiratory distress syndrome.

Accumulation of radioactive gallium-67 citrate was observed in the lungs of a patient with postoperative adult respiratory distress syndrome. We believe that the primary mechanism of uptake of gallium is related to interstitial inflammation and repair of pulmonary tissue, rather than to a nonspecific increased alveolocapillary permeability to gallium.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1984

Sperm nucleomalacia in men with inflammatory bowel disease.

The extent and nature of seminal anomalies in colitic and ileitic patients were investigated using cytological, cytochemical, and electron microscopical methods. In addition to basic seminal variables, the gross and fine structure of spermatozoa were analyzed and the recorded data correlated with actual clinical conditions and therapeutic regimen of patients. Spermiograms revealed that the effect on the testicular function varied among patients, ranging from a subtle embarrassment of late spermiogenesis to a suppression of spermatogenesis as reflected in severe oligozoospermia. In several instances, excurrent ducts and accessory sex glands also were involved. The nuclear syndrome was an invariably observed phenomenon and consisted of increased pleomorphy, excessive vacuolation, postnuclear blebbing, malcondensation, and spontaneous decondensation of chromatin. The nuclear pleomorphy, malcondensation, and decondensation, apparently interrelated, constitute the characteristic condition, referred to as nucleomalacia. Other sperm defects seemed to be mere amplifications of deficiencies common in human semen. The correlation between the extent of intestinal lesions or severity of symptoms and the ratio of nuclear aberrations, demonstrated with acid-fast technique, was striking. No such relationship was found regarding the sulfasalazine treatment.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1984

Ultrastructure of bronchopulmonary lavage cells from bovines administered 3-methylindole. I. 12 hours post-treatment.

Ultrastructure of the bronchopulmonary lavage cells, viz., pulmonary alveolar macrophages (AM), neutrophils, plasma cells, ciliated epithelial cells and lymphocytes from calves 12 h following 3-methylindole (3-MI) ingestion is documented in this study. The AM had increased in number and size, and appeared stimulated as indicated by an elevated number of phagosomes and/or various combinations of structures resembling phagolysosomes. Pseudopodia on majority of the neutrophils were either sparse or absent. Morphologic parameters of heightened secretion were present in the occasionally noticed plasma cells. Ciliated epithelial cells which were only sometimes seen contained necrotic mitochondria. Lymphocytes were rarely encountered and were unaltered by the treatment. Ultrastructure of the bronchopulmonary lavage cells from the 3-MI-exposed calves demonstrates cellular response to the respiratory conditions induced by the chemical.

Animals↗