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Biomedical subjects

A Singh

Publications and source records attributed to A Singh.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Multiple fractures following camel bite of the face (a case report).

A rare case of multiple fractures following camel bite of the face in a young male, producing facial deformity and open bite is described. Fractures were confirmed by X-rays and CT scan. Treatment consisted of an open reduction and interosseous wiring of fractures to attain normal occlusion which was maintained by intermaxillary and suspension wire fixation followed by soft tissue repair. This corrected the open bite, collapse of maxillary arches and facial deformity. The behaviour of camels during rutting is briefly discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Use of extracorporeal photochemotherapy in heart transplant recipients during acute rejection: a case study.

Despite the growing availability of improved immunosuppressive agents, acute and chronic rejection episodes remain a major complication in heart transplant recipients. The rejection of allografts is a normal part of the body's response to foreign antigens. The key to controlling this response is to administer a regimen of multiple immunosuppressive drugs. Evidence indicates that by adding extracorporeal photochemotherapy to a standard immunomodulatory regimen, the rejection process can be reversed without significantly increasing patient risk. In this case study we examine extracorporeal photochemotherapy and the care of patients receiving this therapy.

Graft Rejection↗
PubMed1994

Virulence & pathogenicity of Yersinia enterocolitica under different test systems.

Eight clinical isolates of Y. enterocolitica were tested for various pathogenicity and virulence markers. Seven of the eight strains gave positive results for Congo red magnesium oxalate (CRMOX) agar test and autoagglutination test at 37 degrees C. Seven strains bound crystal violet (CV) completely at 37 degrees C but not at 25 degrees C. One strain (Y1) bound CV partially. None of the strains showed pyrazinamidase activity indicating these strains to be virulent. Cells of all but one strains were aggregated by 1.8 M and 3.2M concentration of ammonium sulphate. A good correlation between these tests and virulence was observed.

Microbiological Techniques↗
PubMed1994

Subchronic toxicity of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl in the rat liver: an electron microscope study.

Ultrastructural effects of 3,3'4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB) congener #77 on the liver were evaluated following its feeding to Sprague-Dawley weanling rats. Treatment diets were prepared by dissolving the congener in 4% corn oil. Ten animals, either male or female, in each group were placed on the respective diets containing 10, 100, 1,000 and 10,000 ppb congener for 13 weeks. Ten animals of each sex served as the control that had only the oil added to the diets. In the congener-exposed animals the alterations consisted of a marked increase in the profiles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and in the heightened number of lipid droplets in many parenchymal cells. Several mitochondria showed abnormalities such as dumbbell shapes, and in others, the cristae were oriented parallel to the long axis of the organelle. Peroxisomes were numerous in the 10 ppb group and apparently had increased numerically in the liver of animals from the higher dose groups. Females were notably more affected by the congener when compared to their male counterparts. The results indicated that the compound is mildly toxic, and alteration in structure and function can be noted at the lowest dose used (10 ppb congener exposure). It is concluded that congener #77 may be moderately toxic and it may affect the overall health of the exposed animal.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

Toxicity of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl in the rat liver: an electron microscope study.

Morphological effects on the liver of Sprague-Dawley rats administered orally 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB), congener #153, were analyzed. Treatment diets were prepared by dissolving the congener in 4% corn oil. Ten animals of either sex in each group were placed on the respective diets that contained 50, 500, 5,000, or 50,000 ppb congener. Ten animals of each sex served as the control that had only the oil added to the diets. Thirteen weeks after the onset of dosing, the animals were euthanized and liver samples were obtained from the animals and prepared for electron microscopy. Animals exposed to the congener showed (in a dose-related manner) a marked increase in smooth endoplasmic reticulum profiles, and in the number of lipid droplets in many parenchymal cells. Mitochondrial abnormalities such as dumbbell shapes, and in others, the cristae that were oriented parallel to the long axis of the organelle were present. The magnitude of morphologic alterations did not reveal gender differences. The results indicate mild hepatotoxicity of the congener in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Subchronic toxicity of pentachlorobiphenyl congeners n. 126 or 118 in the rat liver. An electron microscope study.

3,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB) or congener n. 126 and 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl or congener n. 118 were given independently to male and female Sprague-Dawley weanling rats. Experimental diets were prepared by dissolving the congeners in 4% corn oil. The congeners were administered as follows: congener n. 126--groups of three animals, either male or female, in each group were placed on the respective diets containing 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 ppb congener, 5.0 micrograms/kg bw loading dose + 10.0, or 100 ppb; congener n. 118--the females were dosed with 2, 20, 200, and 2,000 ppb congener, and the males received 10, 100, 1,000, 10,000 ppb. Thirteen weeks after the start of dosing with the two congeners, liver samples were obtained from all the animals and prepared for electron microscopy. In the congener n. 126-exposed animals, the alterations noted in a dose-related fashion consisted of a marked increase in the profiles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), and in the heightened number of lipid droplets in many parenchymal cells. Mitochondria showed abnormalities such as dumb-bell shapes, and the cristae parallel to the long axis of the organelle. Lipofuscin granules were numerous in the liver of animals that received 100 ppb of the congener; notably the females of the treatment group expressed this trait more abundantly than the males of the group. We conclude that the compound is mildly toxic. In the animals administered congener n. 118, the alterations were revealed in the liver of both male and female animals in a dose-related manner, also the most evident hepatocyte architectural modifications included an augmentation of SER profiles, mitochondrial aberrations, and an elevated number of lysosomal elements and lipid droplets. Abnormal shapes, and cristae in atypical orientation comprised mitochondrial aberrations. Alterations in the liver morphology of the females were qualitatively similar to those in the males; however, the dose levels used in the latter were five-folds of that which were given to the females. We conclude that the females are more sensitive than the males of the species to congener n. 118. We further conclude that congener n. 118 is less toxic than n. 126 since the lesions were induced by several-folds high dose levels used for the former.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Colonic diverticulosis in India: the changing scene.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of colonic diverticulosis has a wide geographic and ethnic variation and has been considered to be quite low in India. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of colonic diverticulosis in northern India based on barium enema examination in symptomatic patients. METHODS: All barium enema examinations performed between January 1985 and December 1991 were reviewed for the presence of colonic diverticulosis. Clinical data of such patients were retrieved. RESULTS: 51 (3.2%) of 1610 barium enema studies showed colonic diverticulosis. The frequency of diverticulosis in barium studies increased from 0.3% among subjects in the third decade to 32.4% in patients above 60 years. Most patients were city dwellers, vegetarians and belonged to the upper socio-economic stratum. Twenty patients (39.2%) presented with a complication; the spectrum of such patients was no different from that reported from the West. While the sigmoid colon was the commonest site of diverticuli, there was a relative preponderance of right sided diverticuli as compared to the Western experience. Seven patients with complications required surgical treatment, while the rest were managed conservatively. CONCLUSION: Colonic diverticulosis and its complications are not rare in India and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of abdominal disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Approach to ischemic heart disease, coronary care, and severe heart failure (including cardiogenic shock).

Elderly patients with cardiovascular disease require slightly different management strategies compared with younger patients. Diagnosis is more difficult. Procedures, both diagnostic and therapeutic, are more dangerous. Despite higher risks, elderly patients have much to gain from aggressive therapies such as angioplasty, surgery, and thrombolysis. Decisions regarding these therapies are based on an incomplete data base and an understanding of the patients' needs. A review of the available data on cardiac surgery, angioplasty, myocardial infarction, and heart failure in the elderly is presented.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of the modulatory influence of black pepper (Piper nigrum, L.) on the hepatic detoxication system.

The present paper assesses the modifying potential of black pepper on the hepatic biotransformation system in mice. The modulatory effect was assessed on glutathione S-transferase (GST), cytochrome b5 (cyt. b5), cytochrome P-450 (cyt. P-450), acid-soluble sulfhydryl (-SH) content and malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Swiss albino mice of either sex (eight weeks old) were fed on a diet containing 0.5%, 1% and 2% black pepper (w/w) for 10 and 20 days. The findings revealed a significant and dose-dependent increase in GST and -SH content in the experimental groups except the one maintained on 0.5% black pepper diet for 10 days. Elevated levels of cyt. b5 and cyt. P-450 were also statistically significant and dose-dependent. The level of MDA was lowered in the group fed on 2% black pepper diet for 20 days. Being a potential inducer of detoxication system, the possible chemopreventive role of black pepper in chemical carcinogenesis is suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Effect of arecanut on the black mustard (Brassica niger, L.)-modulated detoxication enzymes and sulfhydryl content in the liver of mice.

The modulatory potential of arecanut, a popular masticatory, was assessed on the black mustard-induced changes in hepatic detoxication system in mice. The modulatory effect was assessed on glutathione S-transferase (GST), cytochrome b5 (Cyt. b5) and cytochrome P-450 (Cyt. P-450) and acid-soluble sulfhydryl (-SH) content. Mice were fed on either normal diet or diet containing 0.25%, 0.5% or 1% (w/w) arecanut for 45 days. During the last 10 days of treatment the feed was supplemented with 0.5% or 1% black mustard, the popular condiment. Dietary feeding of mustard could significantly enhance the studied phase I and phase II enzymes as well as -SH content in murine liver. However, black mustard-induced alterations in GST and -SH content were lower, while Cyt. b5 and Cyt. P-450 levels were much higher in mice receiving arecanut treatment than controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Cooperative effects of interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-5, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: a new myeloid cell line inducible to eosinophils.

The cytokines interleukin-3 (IL-3); IL-5, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are known to contribute to the proliferation and differentiation of eosinophil progenitors. Recently, it was determined that the cellular receptors for these three cytokines share a common beta-chain while having unique alpha-chains. Thus, there is considerable interest in how these cytokines and their receptors interact in promoting production of eosinophils. We have established a cell line (AML14) from a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia that will consistently exhibit eosinophilic differentiation in suspension in response to IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF. Proliferation with only modest differentiative effects was observed in response to a single cytokine. Combinations of two cytokines gave variable results, with GM-CSF + IL-3 and IL-3 + IL-5 causing more proliferation than a single cytokine but little more differentiation. The combination of GM-CSF + IL-5 caused marked enhancement of eosinophilic differentiation with only modest augmentation of proliferation. The combination of all three cytokines was most effective in stimulating both proliferation and eosinophilic differentiation (up to 70% of cells) of AML14 cells. Specific binding of GM-CSF and IL-5 to AML14 cells can be conveniently studied by flow cytometric methods, and cross-competition of these two cytokines for their respective receptors was demonstrated. IL-3 was shown to partially compete for IL-5 binding on AML14 cells. Although specific IL-3 binding could not be demonstrated by flow cytometry, mRNA for the alpha-chains of the IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF receptors and the beta-chain common to all three receptors was detected in AML14 cells. The AML14 cell line may be a useful model for the study of cooperative interactions of IL-3, IL-5, GM-CSF, and their respective receptors in the promotion of eosinophil progenitor growth and differentiation.

Aged↗