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Biomedical subjects

A Simpson

Publications and source records attributed to A Simpson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

A longitudinal study of enuresis from five to nine years.

The prevalence of primary and secondary enuresis was examined longitudinally in a large sample of New Zealand children at ages 5, 7, and 9 years. While the prevalence of primary enuresis fell over time, secondary enuresis increased in prevalence between 5 and 7 years. There were no sex differences. An examination of some of the developmental and background characteristics of the sample indicated that enuresis was not associated with neurodevelopmental delay or 'psychosocial' factors. However, there were strong, long term associations between secondary enuresis and behavioural deviance. The behavioural results suggested that behaviour problems did not arise as a consequence of enuresis, but rather preceded it.

Child↗
PubMed1983

A preliminary evaluation of the use of an automatic impedance tympanometer in the diagnosis of otitis media with effusion in children: a report from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit.

Microscopic examination by two trained examiners, conventional impedance tympanometry by a trained audiometrist, automatic impedance tympanometry by a person with minimal training and puretone audiometry by trained audiometrists were compared in 468 ears, studied blind. There was complete examiner agreement in microscopic examination in 465 (99.3%) ears, minor disagreement in three (0.7%) ears. There was a more complex relationship between examination methods, with microscopic evidence of effusion being present in 88.2% of ears showing B tympanograms to conventional tympanometry and in 66.7% of ears to automatic tympanometry. Automatic tympanometry provides a reasonably accurate method of detecting middle ear effusion, but tends to overdiagnose this condition compared to alternate methods.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1983

Abortion.

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Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1982

Asthma in seven year old children: a report from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study.

The prevalence of asthma between birth and seven years was determined by questionnaire in 875 children as part of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study. From the combinations of asthma and/or wheezing reported in association with bronchitis, hayfever, eczema and allergies, a diagnosis of certain or probable asthma was made in 12.6 percent of these children. A further 22.6 percent admitted to wheezing, but a diagnosis of asthma could not be made with any certainty. Bronchitis was reported frequently, usually associated with wheezing. Children with more obvious asthma showed a male preponderance and significant differences in body build and school attendance compared with asymptomatic children.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1982

Lateral hypothalamus neuron responses to electroosmotic 2-deoxy-D-glucose.

Electroosmotic applications of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) were made in the lateral hypothalamus (LHA). Changes in LHA unit activity and concomitant gastric acid secretion were then observed 2-DG responsive neurons tended to form two clusters in the LHA. Electroosmotic application induced four patterns of activity change in different LHA neurons. Gastric acid secretion increased when LHA unit activity increased. Results presented here agree with prior reports of hypophagia after precise lesions in this LHA region and other reports of 2-DG induced hyperphagia which might be mediated through central neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Plasma fibronectin in acute leukaemia.

In acute leukaemia, low plasma fibronectin was seen at diagnosis and when the disease relapsed. This was not directly related to tumour load, chemotherapy or neutropenia, but correlated well with episodes of intercurrent infection. In severe infections, fibronectin fell rapidly to very low levels, and was sometimes not restored to normal up to 2 weeks later. Preliminary attempts at replacement therapy were successful and the possible importance of this is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Abortion.

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Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1979

Noninvasive diagnosis of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm: role of two dimensional echocardiography and radionuclide gated pool imaging.

This report describes a case of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm diagnosed with two dimensional real time echocardiography. The two dimensional echocardiogram identified not only the pseudoaneurysmal sac but also the site of left ventricular rupture. When supplemented with radioisotope gated cardiac blood pool scanning, the noninvasive studies demonstrated combined true and false left ventricular aneurysms. Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm can be diagnosed using two dimensional echocardiography and nuclear imaging, permitting early operative intervention before fatal rupture.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Neural mechanisms of reflex facilitation and inhibition of gastric motility to stimulation of various skin areas in rats.

1. Experiments were performed on chloralose-urethane anaesthetized rats to determine the involvement of extrinsic gastric autonomic nerves in reflex facilitation and inhibition of gastric motility when mechanical nociceptive stimulation was delivered to either hind paw or abdominal skin, respectively. 2. After bilaterally sectioning the splanchnic nerves in vagal intact animals, the reflex facilitation of gastric motility produced by hind paw stimulation persisted, but the reflex inhibition previously produced by abdominal skin stimulation disappeared. 3. Hind paw stimulation increased efferent activity of the gastric branch of the vagus nerve, but stimulation of abdominal skin had little influence. 4. Bilateral vagotomy in splanchnic nerve intact animals did not influence the gastric reflex inhibition by abdominal skin stimulation, but either abolished gastric reflex facilitation produced by hind paw stimulation or reversed the reflex facilitation response to slight reflex inhibition. 5. Efferent activity of the gastric sympathetic nerve was greatly increased by abdominal skin stimulation, and was either slightly increased or not influenced by hind paw stimulation. 6. It was concluded that reflex increase of efferent activity of the gastric vagi was responsible for the gastric motility facilitation produced by hind paw stimulation, and also that reflexly increased efferent activity of the gastric sympathetic nerves resulted in gastric motility inhibition produced by abdominal skin stimulation. It is suggested efferents are inhibitory. 7. After spinal transection at the cervical level, the reflex facilitation of gastric motility previously produced by stimulation of a hind paw was completely abolished, or reversed to slight reflex inhibition, while reflex inhibition of gastric motility produced by stimulation of abdominal skin remained. It was concluded that the gastric reflex inhibition was a spinal reflex. 8. Interaction between reflex facilitation and inhibition of gastric motility during simultaneous stimulation of both hind paws and abdominal skin was observed as partial cancellation of each effect by the other. However, sympathetic reflex inhibition of gastric motility seemed to be much stronger than the vagal reflex facilitatory effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Modified axial lead system in children.

Preliminary studies have been made on the use of the modified axial lead system in infancy and childhood. A highly significant correlation between internipple distance and height suggested that internipple distance be used as an index for the selection of a template to facilitate placement of the chest electrodes (Z and X). A series of 4 triangular templates was designed. The use of a template one size too large or too small was shown not to lead to any significant error in waveform measurement. A further study showed that the reference level for the application of the praecordial electrodes should be the 5th intercostal space as for adults, but that no serious diagnostic error was likely to arise if the 4th or 6th intercostal space was chosen by mistake. A study of the Frank lead system suggested that the use of the 5th intercostal space as a reference level was more appropriate than the 4th intercostal space, which is generally adopted by users of that system. The conclusion reached was that the axial lead system is the preferred orthogonal lead system for children, with templates for 4 ranges of internipple distance (less than 10 cm; 15 to 20 cm; and less than 20 cm--adult build) being proposed to simplify electrode placement.

Adolescent↗