Biomedical subjects

A Silva

Publications and source records attributed to A Silva.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2003

Antioxidant properties of dipyridamole as assessed by chemiluminescence.

The ability of dipyridamole (DIP) to scavenge oxygen metabolites generated by either activated human neutrophils (PMNs) or cell-free systems using luminol(s)- and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence was investigated. In the presence of DIP (15-50 microM) a dose-dependent inhibition period was seen in phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated PMNs as assayed by isoluminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (ILCL) with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Although such a lag period was not observed in the absence of HRP, 50 microM DIP inhibited extracellular ILCL by more than 50%. Intracellular luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (LCL) as assayed in either PMA- or in ionomycin-activated PMNs was not affected by dipyridamole (15-50 microM). In cell-free systems, DIP produced concentration-dependent inhibition in H2O2-(45% at 50 microM), OH- (40%, at 0.1 microM) and HOCl-(20% at 10 microM). Both absorbance and fluorescence scans revealed that DIP is able to react with equimolar quantities of either H202 or HOCl. These results suggest that DIP scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) presumably secreted by activated human PMNs in the following decreasing order: *OH > HOCl > H2O2 >> O2-.

Acridines↗

PubMed2002

Validation of the Spanish version of the geriatric depression scale (GDS) in primary care.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the predictive value of the 30-question Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) in Spanish and calculate the most adequate cut-point for its use in Primary Health Care consultations. METHOD: 218 patients over the age of 64 treated at three health centers of Area 10 in Madrid were selected. In the first phase, the subjects completed the GDS, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and a questionnaire on health and socio-demographic variables. They were later interviewed using the Geriatric Mental Schedule (GMS), used as the gold standard by doctors who were unaware of the results of the GDS. Two categories were contemplated according to the results of the GMS: cases of depression (diagnosis of psychotic or neurotic depression) and non-psychiatric cases (no psychiatric diagnosis, although isolated symptoms could be present). RESULTS: 192 aged subjects were interviewed using the GDS and the GMS. Of these, 103 were considered "non-cases of depression" and 60 others made up the "cases of psychotic/neurotic depression" group. For the most effective cut-point (9/10), sensitivity was 86.7% and specificity 63.1%. Considering a prevalence of depression of 30%, the predictive value for positives was 50.2% and for negatives 91.7%. The Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.82, and the area below the ROC curve obtained was 0.85. Those patients with cognitive deterioration had a mean GDS score similar to those that did not present deterioration (11.16 vs 10.52; p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The Geriatric Depression Scale is valid as a screening test in Primary Care consultations due to its high sensitivity and negative predictive value. The most effective Spanish GDS cut-point (9/10) is lower than that obtained in the original English version (10/11).

Aged↗

PubMed2002

[Is the borderline personality disorder a complex post-traumatic stress disorder? - The state of research].

Regarding the high prevalence of traumatic experiences in patients with borderline personality disorders (BPD), we review the available literature focussing on the hypothesis that BPD is a subtype of trauma associated disorders. The criteria of BPD, of complex post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD), and of disorders of extreme stress not otherwise specified (DESNOS) substantially overlap. Research of the long-term course of BPD and PTSD, trauma research, and research of vulnerability in both disorders yielded converging results. Neuropsychological deficits in BPD and PTSD as well as psychoendocrinological and neuroimaging studies in BPD und PTSD also revealed common features. A pathogenetic specificity of individual etiologic factors does not appear to exist, however the assumption of a diathesis-stress model with traumatisation as a necessary but etiologically insufficient condition seems justified. Further research will have to prove BPD as a complex and early-onset post-traumatic stress disorder after multiple and/or chronic (type II) traumatic experiences during childhood and/or youth. Definitive conclusions require further research efforts.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Prolidase deficiency with hyperimmunoglobulin E: a case report.

Prolidase deficiency is a rare, inherited disorder characterized by ulceration of the skin, mental retardation, and massive urinary excretion of imidodipeptides. Most patients also have recurrent infections, an unusual facial appearance, and splenomegaly. We describe a girl presenting with chronic dermatitis, recurrent respiratory tract infections since her first months of life, and facial features characteristic of prolidase deficiency. The diagnosis of prolidase deficiency was made at 4.5 months of age. The immunologic study in this patient showed an extreme and progressive increase of total immunoglobulin E (IgE) in serum (reaching the value of 77,600 IU/l) and defective chemotactic function of the neutrophils. Treatment with a hyper-proteic diet supplemented with ascorbic acid, manganese chlorite, and topical proline resulted in reduction of the frequency and severity of the infections and significant improvement of the skin lesions. The authors discuss the immunologic alterations and the favorable evolution with treatment in this patient.

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors↗

PubMed2002

[Other indications for surfactant].

OBJECTIVE: The introduction of surfactant replacement therapy in the management of respiratory distress syndrome in the premature infant was a remarkable advance in neonatal intensive care. In the last few years, recognition of the role played by surfactant inactivation in the pathogenesis of other respiratory diseases of the newborn has justified new therapeutic applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of treatment with natural exogenous surfactant in situations with secondary surfactant deficiency. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of the evolution of 15 newborn infants treated with natural exogenous surfactant. Nine infants had meconium aspiration syndrome, five had congenital pneumonia and one had adult respiratory distress syndrome. Oxygenation indexes before and after surfactant treatment as well as clinical and radiographic evolution were compared. RESULTS: The 12 surviving infants showed improvement in oxygenation and radiographic alterations after surfactant administration. Three patients with meconium aspiration syndrome died. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the therapeutic use of exogenous surfactant in severe respiratory diseases of the newborn causing secondary surfactant deficiency.

Female↗

PubMed2001

Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase signaling pathway negatively regulates the phenotypic and functional maturation of monocyte-derived human dendritic cells.

Dendritic cells (DC) are highly specialized antigen-presenting cells that on activation by inflammatory stimuli (eg, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha] and interleukin-1beta [IL-1beta]) or infectious agents (eg, lipopolysaccharide [LPS]), mature and migrate into lymphoid organs. During maturation, DC acquire the capacity to prime and polarize resting naive T lymphocytes. Maturation of monocyte-derived DC (MDDC) is inhibited by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor SB203580. This study found that in the presence of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitors PD98059 or U0126, TNF-alpha- and LPS-induced phenotypic and functional maturation is enhanced. ERK pathway inhibitors increased expression of major histocompatibility complex and costimulatory molecules; loss of mannose-receptor-mediated endocytic activity; nuclear factor-kappaB DNA-binding activity; release of IL-12 p40; and allogeneic T-cell proliferation induced by LPS or TNF-alpha. Moreover, PD98059 and U0126 enhanced LPS-triggered production of IL-12 p70. In agreement with the effect of ERK inhibitors, maturation of MDDC was delayed in the presence of serum, an effect that was reversed by U0126. These results indicate that the ERK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways differentially regulate maturation of MDDC and suggest that their relative levels of activation might modulate the initial commitment of naive T-helper (Th) cells toward Th1 or Th2 subsets. The findings also suggest that maturation of MDDC might be pharmacologically modified by altering the relative levels of activation of both intracellular signaling routes.

Cell Differentiation↗

PubMed2001

Preoperative chemoradiation therapy and anal sphincter preservation with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma.

Preoperative irradiation has been used to produce tumor regression and allow complete resection of rectal cancer with a sphincter-saving procedure. To evaluate the associated toxicity, the response in the primary tumor, and the postsurgical morbidity in a group of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiation therapy and low anterior resection, 120 patients were treated with 45 Gy of preoperative radiotherapy and a bolus infusion of 5-fluorouracil 450 mg/m2 on days 1 to 5 and 28 to 32 of radiotherapy. Four to six weeks later, 16 lesions were found unresectable; 36 patients underwent abdominoperineal resection or pelvic exenteration, and in the remaining 68 a low anterior resection was performed. For the purpose of this study only the latter group was included. There were 38 men and 30 women, with a mean age of 54.7 +/- 13.1 years. Gastrointestinal and hematologic acute toxicity grade 3 to 4 occurred in 12 and 7 patients, respectively. The mean distance of the tumor above the anal verge was 8.2 +/- 2.6 cm. In 10 patients the surgical resection included neighboring pelvic organs; 16 patients (23.5%) required a temporary diverting colostomy. The main causes of surgical morbidity were clinical anastomotic leakage in seven (10%), abdominal wall infection in five (7.4%), anastomotic stenosis in three (4.5%), and intraabdominal abscess in one (1.5%). No operative deaths occurred. The postsurgical stages were as follows: no tumor in the specimen, 17 (25%); T1, 4 (6%); T2, 12 (17%); T3, 17 (25%); T4, 5 (7%); any T with N+, 9 (13%); and any T, N with M+, 4 (6%). The median and mean follow-ups were 30.0 months and 37.4 +/- 25.0 months, respectively. The local recurrence rate was 2.9%, and the distant recurrence rate was 17%. The administration of preoperative chemoradiation therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer is associated with tolerable toxicity, a high rate of response in the primary tumor that allowed anal sphincter preservation, and a low rate of local recurrence.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2001

Temperature sensitivity of the electric organ discharge waveform in Gymnotus carapo.

At the southern boundary of gymnotiform distribution in America. water temperature changes seasonally, and may be an environmental cue for the onset of breeding. In this study, we aim to describe the role of temperature upon electric organ discharge waveform in Gymnotus carapo, order Gymnotiformes, family Gymnotidae, and to analyze its interactions with the effects of steroid hormones. The effects of water temperature within its natural range were explored using different protocols. All fish tested had temperature-sensitive electric organ discharge waveforms: the amplitude of the last head-negative component (V4) decreased as temperature increased. Rate increases elicited by electrical stimulation had similar but smaller effect on waveform. Temperature sensitivity is a peripheral phenomenon that depends on the conductivity of the aquatic media. We found hormonal-dependent changes in the electric organ discharge waveform not previously described in this species. The amplitude and duration of V4 increased after testosterone administration. Both testosterone treatment and acclimation by sustained temperature at 27-28 degrees C (environmental simulation of breeding conditions) induced a decrease in temperature sensitivity. As in the related species Brachyhypopomus pinnicaudatus, our data strongly suggest interactions between temperature sensitivity of the electric organ discharge waveform and sexual maturity that might be crucial for reproduction.

Acclimatization↗

PubMed2001

Characterization of cellular infiltrate, detection of chemokine receptor CCR5 and interleukin-8 and RANTES chemokines in adult periodontitis.

Leukocyte migration is essential for immune surveillance of tissues by focusing immune cells to sites of antigenic challenge. The control of leukocyte migration depends on the combined actions of adhesion molecules and a vast array of chemokines and their receptors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the involvement of Interleukin-8 (IL-8), RANTES, the associated infiltrating cells and expression of CCR5 chemokine receptors in periodontitis; furthermore, the effect of periodontal therapy on these parameters was evaluated. Patients included in the study had moderate to advanced periodontal disease with at least 5-6 teeth with probing depth > 6 mm, attachment loss > or =3 mm and extensive radiographic bone loss. The inflammatory infiltrate was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in gingival biopsies obtained from subjects at the beginning of the study and 2 months after periodontal treatment. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected for 30 seconds using periopaper strips, and chemokines were quantified by ELISA. The cellular components of the inflammatory infiltrate included B (CD19) and T (CD3, CD4+ and CD8+) lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages (CD11c). CCR5 chemokine receptor expressing cells were exclusively found in periodontitis gingiva. IL-8 and RANTES were detected in the periodontitis group, obtaining a total amount of 212.5 pg and 42.0 pg, respectively. However, IL-8 was also detectable in the GCF of the healthy group (total amount of 44.8 pg). Periodontal therapy reduced the cell number in the infiltrate and the levels of IL-8 and RANTES, suggesting a relationship between these chemokines and periodontal status. We propose that the presence of these chemokines and the expression of chemokine receptors may represent a marker of lymphocyte subsets with the ability to migrate to inflammatory sites.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

The class II tumor-suppressor gene RARRES3 is expressed in B cell lymphocytic leukemias and down-regulated with disease progression.

The molecular pathogenesis of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), the most common form of leukemia, remains unknown. We have used the mRNA differential display technique to analyze genes that may be involved in the development/progression of B-CLL. We have identified the tumor suppressor retinoic acid receptor responder 3 (RARRES3) as a B-CLL-related gene. RARRES3 maps to chromosome band 11q23, a region frequently deleted in lymphoproliferative disorders. To assess the potential involvement of RARRES3 in leukemogenesis, we examined 24 cases of B-CLL, 10 of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and five related cell lines by RT-PCR and sequence analyses. We report a correlation between RARRES3 down-regulation and B-CLL progression. We also found decreased RARRES3 gene levels in ALL cases and in the five cell lines studied. We did not find mutations in any of the leukemia samples assayed, including those with 11q23 deletion. These results indicate that RARRES3 may play a role in B-CLL progression.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Src family kinases are required for prolactin induction of cell proliferation.

Prolactin (PRL) is a pleiotropic cytokine promoting cellular proliferation and differentiation. Because PRL activates the Src family of tyrosine kinases (SFK), we have studied the role of these kinases in PRL cell proliferation signaling. PRL induced [(3)H]thymidine incorporation upon transient transfection of BaF-3 cells with the PRL receptor. This effect was inhibited by cotransfection with the dominant negative mutant of c-Src (K>A295/Y>F527, SrcDM). The role of SFK in PRL-induced proliferation was confirmed in the BaF-3 PRL receptor-stable transfectant, W53 cells, where PRL induced Fyn and Lyn activation. The SFK-selective inhibitors PP1/PP2 and herbimycin A blocked PRL-dependent cell proliferation by arresting the W53 cells in G1, with no evident apoptosis. In parallel, PP1/PP2 inhibited PRL induction of cell growth-related genes c-fos, c-jun, c-myc, and odc. These inhibitors have no effect on PRL-mediated activation of Ras/Mapk and Jak/Start pathways. In contrast, they inhibited the PRL-dependent stimulation of the SFKs substrate Sam68, the phosphorylation of the tyrosine phosphatase Shp2, and the PI3K-dependent Akt and p70S6k serine kinases. Consistently, transient expression of SrcDM in W53 cells also blocked PRL activation of Akt. These results demonstrate that activation of SFKs is required for cell proliferation induced by PRL.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗

PubMed2001

Implications of the "contrast blush" finding on computed tomographic scan of the spleen in trauma.

BACKGROUND: The "contrast blush" (CB) computed tomographic (CT) scan finding has often been used clinically as an indicator for therapeutic splenic intervention (SI) (splenectomy, splenorrhaphy, or angiographic embolization). We sought to examine the prognostic significance of this finding. METHODS: The records and CT scans of 324 trauma patients from two Level I trauma centers who had blunt splenic injury and a CT scan of the abdomen within 24 hours of admission were reviewed and screened for CB. RESULTS: CB was identified in 11% of patients, and its incidence was significantly related to the grade of injury: grade I/II, 3.2%; grade III, 11.8%; and grade IV/V, 26.3% (p < 0.001). SI was also related to the grade: grade I/II, 7.7%; grade III, 37.6%; and grade IV/V, 69.7% (p < 0.001). The chance of having SI was greater in those with CB (75.0%) when compared with those without CB (25.0%) (p < 0.001; odds ratio, 9.2). A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that SI correlated independently with splenic grade, emergency department hypotension, and age, but did not demonstrate a correlation with CB. CONCLUSION: CB is not an absolute indication for an operative or angiographic intervention. Factors such as patient age, grade of injury, and presence of hypotension need to be considered in the clinical management of these patients.

Abdominal Injuries↗

PubMed2001

Apoptosis in chronic adult periodontitis analyzed by in situ DNA breaks, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry.

BACKGROUND: Apoptosis is an evolutionary form of physiological cell death. Previous studies suggest that apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Therefore, we studied the apoptotic events in the gingival tissue of chronic adult periodontitis patients. METHODS: Gingival tissue biopsies from 22 patients with chronic adult periodontitis and from 11 healthy controls were obtained. Criteria for patient inclusion in the periodontitis group were a minimum of 14 natural teeth, excluding third molars, with at least 10 posterior teeth; 5 to 6 sites with probing depth > or = 5 mm; attachment loss > or = 3 mm; and extensive radiographic bone loss. The control group included healthy subjects with no prior history of periodontal disease. Apoptosis was determined using the terminal TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) technique; electron microscopic analysis; and expression of Caspase-3, Fas, FasL, Bcl-2, and p53 by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: TUNEL-positive cells and cells exhibiting chromatin condensation by electron microscopy were observed in the inflammatory infiltrate of biopsies obtained from periodontitis patients. Most of the TUNEL-positive cells belonged to neutrophil cell populations as they were stained with anti-myeloperoxidase. Positive staining for active-caspase 3, Fas, FasL, and p53 was only observed in the inflammatory infiltrate from periodontitis biopsies, whereas Bcl-2 cells were present in both periodontitis patients and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings establish that apoptosis is induced in the periodontal tissue by host and microbial factors and support the hypothesis that apoptotic mechanisms could be implicated in the inflammatory process associated with gingival tissue destruction observed in adult periodontitis patients.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Involvement of p53 and interleukin 3 in the up-regulation of CD95 (APO-1/Fas) by X-ray irradiation.

Interleukin 3-dependent bone marrow and Ba/F3 cells present constitutive Fas expression. A dose dependent increase in Fas surface expression was induced in these cells by X-ray irradiation. Using primary cell cultures and established cell lines derived from p53-null mice (p53-/-), we demonstrated that the increase in Fas expression upon X-ray irradiation is dependent on the presence of at least one wild-type p53 allele. Fas induction by X-ray irradiation was negatively modulated by IL-3; an earlier Fas induction was observed in the absence of IL-3 or at low IL-3 concentrations. However, IL-3 withdrawal in non-irradiated cells did not induce an increase in Fas expression. X-ray irradiation of Ba/F3 cells induced the expression of functional Fas receptors. Therefore, in IL-3-dependent cells, IL-3 regulates the rate of Fas expression, which is correlated with the degree of apoptosis observed in X-irradiated cells. Finally, we demonstrate that IL-3 controls the degree of Fas expression induced by irradiation through a p53-mediated pathway.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

The role of p53 in death of IL-3-dependent cells in response to cytotoxic drugs.

This report examines the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents to primary bone marrow-derived IL-3-dependent cells. Such cells derived from p53-null mice were resistant to almost 100-fold higher concentrations of the inhibitors of deoxyribonucleotide synthesis FUdR, methotrexate and hydroxyurea than cells with wild-type p53. In contrast, the cytotoxicity of the DNA damaging agents X-irradiation, cisplatin or bleomycin was p53-independent. The topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide induced p53-dependent death, which suggests that DNA damage may not be its primary mechanism of cytotoxicity in this cell type. An IL-3-dependent cell line which expresses wild-type p53 was used to demonstrate that the ability of cytotoxic drugs to increase p53 expression level does not control their ability to induce p53-dependent loss of clonigenicity. Finally, comparison with a p53-null IL-3-dependent cell line was used to show that absence of p53 delays the rate of entry into apoptosis following treatment with either DNA damaging agents or inhibitors of deoxyribonucleotide synthesis. This distinguishes short-term effects of p53 on rate of entry into apoptosis from its role in controlling ultimate cell survival. Oncogene (2000) 19, 3556 - 3559

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 preferentially binds to the SHP-2-binding site on the shared cytokine receptor subunit gp130.

Suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3) is one member of a family of intracellular inhibitors of signaling pathways initiated by cytokines that use, among others, the common receptor subunit gp130. The SH2 domain of SOCS-3 has been shown to be essential for this inhibitory activity, and we have used a quantitative binding analysis of SOCS-3 to synthetic phosphopeptides to map the potential sites of interaction of SOCS-3 with different components of the gp130 signaling pathway. The only high-affinity ligand found corresponded to the region of gp130 centered around phosphotyrosine-757 (pY757), previously shown to be a docking site for the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2. By contrast, phosphopeptides corresponding to other regions within gp130, Janus kinase, or signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins bound to SOCS-3 with weak or undetectable affinity. The significance of pY757 in gp130 as a biologically relevant SOCS-3 docking site was investigated by using transfected 293T fibroblasts. Although SOCS-3 inhibited signaling in cells transfected with a chimeric receptor containing the wild-type gp130 intracellular domain, inhibition was considerably impaired for a receptor carrying a Y-->F point mutation at residue 757. Taken together, these data suggest that the mechanism by which SOCS-3 inhibits the gp130 signaling pathway depends on recruitment to the phosphorylated gp130 receptor, and that some of the negative regulatory roles previously attributed to the phosphatase SHP-2 might in fact be caused by the action of SOCS-3.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed2000

Growth factor effects on survival and development of calbindin immunopositive cultured septal neurons.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by dementia, senile plaques, fibrillary tangles, and a reduction of cholinergic neurons in areas of the brain, including the septal nucleus. Certain growth factors may promote the long-term survival of this subpopulation of neurons at risk. This study was undertaken to characterize growth factors' long-term effects on survival and development of neurons expressing the calcium-binding protein calbindin. In order to accomplish this, embryonic day 16 rat septal neurons were grown in bilaminar culture with astrocytes and in the absence of serum. These cultures were chronically treated with estrogen (Es), insulin-like growth factors I/II (IGF-I, IGF-II), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and nerve growth factor (NGF). Insulin-like growth factor II significantly increased the number of neurons immunoreactive for calbindin by 155%, suggesting either an increase in the survival of this subpopulation or an increase in the percentage of cells expressing calbindin. Chronic treatment with NGF, IGF-II, and Es significantly increased the number of primary neuritic processes on calbindin-positive neurons, whereas NGF and Es caused significant increases in the number of secondary processes and in the total lengths of the neuritic processes. Thus, effects of IGF-II, estrogen, and NGF on survival and maintenance of this neuronal subpopulation may be dependent on alterations in neurons which are immunopositive for calbindin.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Chemokine RANTES in gingival crevicular fluid of adult patients with periodontitis.

BACKGROUND, AIMS: This study presents the first evidence on the presence of the chemokine RANTES in the gingival fluid crevicular (GCF) of patients with periodontitis. RANTES is a chemokine that selectively attracts and activates macrophages and lymphocytes. Leucocytes play a critical rôle in the host response to the subgingival microflora. METHOD: In this study, the presence de RANTES in GCF was determined in samples obtained from adult patients with periodontitis and from control subjects with clinically healthy gingiva. GCF was collected from different probing depths (<3 mm, 4-6 mm, >6 mm) (n = 72); and active (n = 12) and inactive sites (n = 12). An active site was defined as attachment loss >2 mm, as determined by sequential probing and the tolerance method. GFC was collected for 30 s using Periopaper strips, and RANTES was quantified by ELISA. RESULTS: The presence of RANTES was detected exclusively in the group of patients with periodontitis, presenting a total amount of 40.43+/-16 pg and a concentration 67.80+/-41 pg/microl. RANTES concentration was significantly higher in probing depth <3 mm than in probing depth >6 mm (87.24 versus 51.87, p = 0.014). Total amount and concentration in the GCF samples from active sites were higher that in inactive sites (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The finding that RANTES is found only in patients with periodontitis, may represent a general feature of chronic inflammatory in periodontal diseases. Finally, RANTES may be implicated in the biological mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and progression of periodontal disease.

Adult↗