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Biomedical subjects

A Shore

Publications and source records attributed to A Shore.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Chemotherapy vs. chemoimmunotherapy with methanol extraction residue of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (MER) in advanced breast cancer: a randomized trial by the Piedmont Oncology Association.

Effects of the addition of MER, a nonspecific, nonviable immunostimulant, to two combination chemotherapy programs were explored in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Patients were randomized to either CDVFP [cyclophosphamide (C), doxorubicin (D), vincristine (V), fluorouracil (F) and prednisone (P)] or CD alternating with methotrexate (M) and F (CD/MF). Each group was also randomized to receive MER, 0.4 mg S.C. every four weeks or no immunotherapy. The response rates were CDVFP 56%, CDVFP + MER 54%, CD/MF 43%, and CD/MF + MER 43%. No significant differences were noted in response rate. Median durations of response and survival were similar for each group: CDVFP 16.2 and 25.2 months, respectively; CDVFP + MER 14.0 and 23.3 months, CD/MF 12.1 and 26.1 months, and CD/MF + MER 15.5 and 25.6 months. Patients who achieved CR frequently had soft-tissue disease (7/17) and patients with disease in 1 or 2 metastatic sites had a significantly higher response rate than those in greater than or equal to 3 sites. MER did not enhance response rate, duration of response, or survival. Also MER did not diminish myelosuppression.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1981

Idiopathic protrusio acetabuli in juveniles.

Eight children, aged 9 to 15, referred to a juvenile rheumatology service on account of undiagnosed hip pain, were ultimately found to have idiopathic protrusio acetabuli (IPA). Clinical and radiographic findings were generally asymmetrical on presentation. Subsequent radiographs tended to lag behind a rapid deterioration in six patients, four of whom required bilateral total hip replacement during adolescence. Pain on full flexion and moderate adductor spasm in the contra-lateral hip proved a useful early sign for predicting bilateral disease. Six of eight patients were hypermobile. In three of five families investigated, symptom-free IPA was revealed in one or more first degree relatives. Histology early in the course in two cases showed a non-diagnostic inflammatory reaction in the sub-synovium.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1981

Role of adenosine deaminase in the early stages of precursor T cell maturation.

The role of adenosine deaminase in the initial stages of precursor T cell differentiation was examined in patients with adenosine deaminase deficiency. Incubation of precursor T cells from adenosine deaminase-deficient patients directly in contact with thymic epithelial monolayers induced receptors for sheep erythrocytes (E rosettes). Pretreatment of these monolayers with erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine, an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, prevented differentiation only of adenosine deaminase-deficient T cell precursors, and this could be restored by providing adenosine deaminase following the incubation with thymic epithelial cells. These studies indicate a role for adenosine deaminase in the earliest stages of T cell differentiation.

Adenine↗
PubMed1980

Inhibition of suppressor T-cell development following deoxyguanosine administration.

The expression of immunodeficiency in patients with specific purine enzyme defects indicates a crucial role of the purine salvage pathway in the acquisition and expression of normal immune function. One current hypothesis links the failure of normal lymphocyte development in these diseases to the accumulation of deoxynucleotide triphosphates. In our studies of human in vitro IgM responses, we observed that antigen-induced T-suppressor cell activity was abrogated in the presence of micromolar concentrations of deoxyguanosine (dGuo). In contrast, more than 1,000-fold higher resistance to dGuo was found for both noin-proliferative T-helper cell activity and the differentiation and proliferation of the precursor B lymphocytes for direct haemolytic plaque forming cells (PFC). To determine whether these observations could have in vivo relevance, we monitored the generation of murine T-suppressor cells, capable of abrogating a primary IgM response. It was found that dGuo (but not guanosine) selectively inhibited the in vivo development of T-suppressor cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Identification of two serum components regulating the expression of T-lymphocyte function in childhood myasthenia gravis.

We studied serums and cells from nine children with myasthenia gravis to determine whether there were alterations in the distribution or function of different T-lymphocyte subpopulations. The low numbers of E-rosette-forming T lymphocytes and their failure to respond to antigen by producing normal suppressor T cells were correlated with the presence of an IgG antibody directed toward the theophylline-sensitive T-cell subset; this activity could be blocked by d-tubocurarine. Incubation of normal T lymphocytes with serum from patients rendered the cells "myasthenia-like" when assayed for E-rosettes and for antigen-induced suppressor-cell function. A second, non-IgG factor found in patients' serums had activity like that of thymic hormone and induced T-cell maturation in normal bone marrow. This factor was not inhibited by d-tubocurarine; its activity was strongest in the two patients most severely affected, and it disappeared after thymectomy in both these patients. We conclude that in childhood myasthenia gravis there may be two independent serum factors; one an IgG antibody directed at a subset of T lymphocytes, blocked by d-tubocurarine and apparently unaffected by thymectomy, and the other a thymus factor that induces T-lymphocyte maturation.

Antigens↗
PubMed1979

Lithium: a modulator of cyclic AMP-dependent events in lymphocytes?

Theophylline, salbutamol, isoproterenol, and dibutyryl cyclic AMP inhibited E-rosette formation by human T lymphocytes and immunoglobulin M secretion from human plaque-forming B cells and augmented T-suppressor cell activity in three patients with agammaglobulinemia. Lithium chloride increased mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation and inhibited suppressor cell activity. In the presence of lithium, the effects of all the drugs except dibutyryl cyclic AMP could be prevented. The data suggest a role for lithium in the modulation of cyclic AMP-dependent events in lymphocytes. Its potential role as an inhibitor of suppressor cell activity warrants further attention.

Albuterol↗
PubMed1979

Quantitation of human thymus/leukemia-associated antigen by radioimmunoassay in different forms of leukemia.

Using a radioimmunoassay, increased levels of a human thymus/leukemia-associated antigen (HThy-L) have been detected in leukemic cells and plasma from most patients with E-rosette-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and a number of patients with E-rosette-negative ALL, acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), acute monomyelocytic leukemia (AMML), and acute undifferentiated leukemia (AVL). Low levels of HThy-L have been demonstrated in white cells from patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (stable phase) and in mononuclear cells from patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia. The relationship between HThy-L and differentiation of hematopoietic cells is discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Theophylline modulation of E-rosette formation: an indicator of T-cell maturation.

The binding of unsensitized sheep erythrocytes is a characteristic of human thymus dependent T-lymphocytes. We have investigated the effect of theophylline on E-rosette formation using cells from normal individuals, and patients with immunodeficiency or acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and have attempted to correlate the influence of the drug on distinct T-lymphocyte subpopulations. Three subpopulations of E-rosetting T-lymphocytes can be delineated: theophylline-sensitive T-cells which lose the capacity to form E-rosettes following treatment; theophylline-resistant T-cells which are unaffected by the drug; and theophylline-dependent cells which acquire the ability to form E-rosettes following incubation with theophylline. The action of theophylline was shown to be dose-dependent, temperature-dependent and reversible. Reversibility or re-expression of the receptor for sheep red cells could be blocked by the addition of puromycin. In peripheral blood, E-rosetting T-lymphocytes were roughly divided into two equal populations, one sensitive, the other resistant. Thymocytes were shown to be entirely theophylline-resistant, whereas a small population of cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow were induced to become E-rosetting in the presence of theophylline. Induction by theophylline may be effective at a distinct stage of precursor T-cell differentiation.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MR evaluation of the temporomandibular joint in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disease is uncommon in children but frequently occurs in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). Involvement is often asymptomatic; however, it can lead to growth disturbances and facial deformity. Thirty TMJs in 15 children (11 girls and 4 boys aged 3.5-18 years) with JRA were evaluated clinically and by MRI. Plain films were reviewed when available. Magnetic resonance imaging parameters included T1-weighted and in some cases T2-weighted or gradient recall echo sequences. We assessed condylar configuration, glenoid fossa changes, presence of erosions, disk abnormality, range of motion, and presence of joint effusions or pannus. Abnormalities included cortical erosions (n = 19), disk thinning (n = 18), and perforation (n = 2). Reduction of joint movement (n = 20), joint locking (n = 3), and pannus/effusions (n = 5) were also found. Magnetic resonance imaging is a useful technique for the detection of TMJ involvement in JRA. Early detection and therapeutic intervention may lessen or prevent subsequent deformities.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The stigma of eating disorders.

Those who suffer from eating disorders often carry the added burden of stigmatizing attitudes from the lay public and the medical profession. These attitudes not only restrict the opportunities for effective treatment but also confer additional handicaps. To some extent, stigmatizing beliefs are based on partial truths about these disorders, namely their dangerousness, their sometimes poor response to treatment, the sufferers' part in their maintenance, and difficulties in communication. This review explores the truth of these beliefs and suggests ways in which a more positive approach to the management of eating disorders might help to reduce the stigma. This includes empathy with the patient's predicament and an approach to treatment in which the patient's wishes are paramount.

Feeding and Eating Disorders↗