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Biomedical subjects

A Shimada

Publications and source records attributed to A Shimada.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Ecological approach to the eating habits and the cancer mortality of Brazilian people].

Brazil is very big country that is located from tropical (north) to temperate (south) zone. There are very big differences not only on the eating habit but also on the death rate from cancer. People living in the south, takes much meat and milk, and has high mortality rate from cancer, and in the north, people takes vegetable foods and the cancer death rate is very low. Eating habit of the people, both Japanese and Brazilian, living in Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, the south of Brazil, were surveyed and the transition of the cancer death rates were also discussed. The south Brazilian people have very high mortality from esophagus cancer which may be related with very hot maté-tea drinking, and very low mortality from colon cancer, even though their heavy consumption of meat and milk. Breast cancer was the first cause of cancer death in women. Relationships between colon cancer mortality and the eating habit of the south Brazilian people is the most interesting epidemiological problem.

Brazil↗
PubMed1986

[Regional differences in gastric cancer mortality and eating habits of people].

One year (continuous 2 days for 12 months) food surveys were held at 5 areas, with different gastric cancer risks, in Akita and Iwate Prefectures. Each food items was counted down the frequency of intake for one year and Food Index (FI, intake frequency of certain food item or food group/number of meals X 100) was calculated and coefficient of correlations with Standardized Mortality Rates (SMRs) of all causes, cancer of all sites and stomach cancer were also calculated. Significant negative correlations were observed between stomach cancer SMR and FIs of cereals, sea weeds, vegetables which served with miso-soup and liliaceae vegetables, and was positive with FI of tomato. Significant positive correlations between SMR of all causes and FIs of wild edible plants, eggplant and green kidney beans, and was negative with FI of cabbage. SMR of cancer of all sites showed positive correlations with FIs of eggs and milks and tomato and showed negative correlations with FI of leak. It seemed that animal foods, except fishes, have higher risks for stomach cancer, cancer of all sites and all causes of death than vegetal foods.

Diet Surveys↗
PubMed1986

[Dietary mutagenicity and stomach cancer epidemiology].

On the comparison of stomach cancer mortality between Akita and Iwate prefectures which locate neighboring in northern Japanese mainland shows marked difference, the former very high and the latter very low. Dietary mutagenicity of inhabitants in the two areas were assayed by Rec-assay using B. subtilis and by Ames test using Salmonella TA 100 and TA 98. Both of the results showed the frequencies of positive mutagenicity were significantly higher in Akita than in Iwate. The food composition of the diets tested was compared among the three groups of mutagen-positive, -probable and -negative diets. The positive diet was significantly frequent in broiled meat, grilled fish, salted fish intestine, cooked beans, fried bean curd, sautéed vegetables, salted bracken and sautéed onions. On the other hand, the mutagen-negative diet was significantly frequent in fresh vegetables, cooked potatoes, cooked carrots, milk, bean curd, devils' tongue and confections. The former was called the mutagen-positive food group and the latter the mutagen-negative food group. The mutagenicity tests of each food which belongs to both the groups revealed that the combination of the mutagenic factors and the mutagen-depressive factors in the above mentioned cooked foods caused the variety of mutagenicity of the diet of the inhabitants. A method to evaluate the mutagenic pattern of diet was developed.

Feeding Behavior↗
PubMed1986

[Malignant mucosal melanomas of the head and neck--collective review from six cancer hospitals].

Forty-nine patients with mucosal malignant melanoma of the head and neck treated at six cancer hospitals were reviewed. Of the 49 melanomas, 25 were located in the oral cavity and 24 in the nasal or paranasal cavity. Thirty of them were classified as stage I, 14 as stage II, and five as stage III. The initial treatment modality included surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, cryotherapy and immunotherapy in varying combinations. The five-year survival rate was 17.4% for oral melanoma and 19.1% for nasal and paranasal melanoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

ATP-dependent [3H]Met-enkephalin uptake by bovine adrenal chromaffin granule membrane.

Uptake of [3H]Met-enkephalin by purified chromaffin granule membrane isolated from bovine adrenal medulla was investigated. Addition of a single divalent cation, such as Mg2+ or Ca2+, did not affect the uptake. The presence of 3 mM ATP in the incubation medium stimulated the uptake to two times that of the control. The same stimulation effect was also found in the presence of ATP plus a single divalent cation. The ATP-dependent uptake reached its half-maximal level within 5 min after initiation of the reaction at 25 degrees C, and reached a plateau within 10 min. The apparent Km for [3H]Met-enkephalin uptake by the chromaffin granule membrane was about 2.3 X 10(-6) M. GTP, CTP, UTP and ADP did not stimulate enkephalin uptake. Several calcium inhibitors such as trifluoperazine, verapamil and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octylester (TMB-8) markedly inhibited enkephalin uptake. The inhibition exceeded 80%, although these chemicals inhibited Ca2+-ATPase activity in chromaffin granule membrane only 30% under the same conditions. Ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta-aminoethylether)N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), at 3 mM also inhibited uptake about 30%. The results indicate that uptake of Met-enkephalin by chromaffin granule membrane ghosts was driven not only by ATPase activity, but also by some other Ca2+-ATP-mediated mechanism(s).

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1985

Immunocytochemical staining of estrogen receptor in paraffin sections of human breast cancer by use of monoclonal antibody: comparison with that in frozen sections.

Estrogen receptor (ER) in human breast cancer tissues was demonstrated in paraffin sections as well as in frozen sections by immunoperoxidase methods using monoclonal antibody (H222) against ER. The avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method was used for the paraffin sections fixed in cold buffered formalin, and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method was used for the fixed frozen sections. The results were compared with the ER content in the respective tumor tissue determined by dextran-coated charcoal assay. The specific staining for ER was located exclusively in the nuclei of cancer cells in both paraffin and frozen sections. Differences in the intensity and distribution of nuclear staining within a section were often observed, suggesting heterogeneity of the ER content of individual breast cancer cells. In 24 breast cancer tissues studied simultaneously by both paraffin and frozen section methods, 21 (88%) showed similar evaluation of the presence of ER. The results of immunocytochemical staining agreed with those of the dextran-coated charcoal assay in 89 (82%) of the 109 paraffin-sectioned tumor tissues and in 24 (86%) of the 28 frozen-sectioned tissues, indicating that ER can be demonstrated immunocytochemically by use of paraffin as well as frozen sections.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

Stimulation of calcium reabsorption observed in advanced breast cancer patients with hypercalcemia and multiple bone metastases.

In an attempt to analyze the pathological processes which lead to hypercalcemia in patients with multiple bone metastases, 23 advanced breast cancer patients with multiple bone metastases, three hypercalcemic patients with other malignancies and seven early breast cancer patients without any distant metastasis were studied. Of the 23 patients with advanced breast cancer, nine showed serum calcium levels higher than 10 mg/dl. In five of the nine hypercalcemic patients with advanced breast cancer, urinary cyclic AMP excretion was lower than 4 nmol/100 ml of glomerular filtrate (GF), indicating that the secretion of parathyroid hormone was suppressed. However, urinary cyclic AMP excretion was higher than 4 nmol/100 ml of GF in the other four hypercalcemic patients with advanced breast cancer and three hypercalcemic patients with other malignancies. In patients with higher urinary cyclic AMP excretion, fractional excretion of calcium (FECa) showed a negative correlation (r = 0.83, P less than 0.05) with urinary cyclic AMP. Parathyroid hormone immunoreactivity was not detected in any of six patients showing serum calcium levels higher than 11 mg/dl. These results suggest that in about a half of hypercalcemic patients with advanced breast cancer and multiple bone metastasis, there is a factor which increases urinary cyclic AMP and enhances calcium reabsorption in the kidney, but which is different from parathyroid hormone. This factor may facilitate retention of calcium mobilized into the circulation by bone metastases, and lead to hypercalcemia.

Absorption↗
PubMed1985

[A case of multiple extracranial meningiomas].

A case of multiple extracranial meningiomas, occurring in the orbita, both ethmoidal sinuses and the frontal sinus of a 60-year-old man, is reported. These meningiomas were histologically similar and diagnosed as transitional type benign meningioma. On whole body examinations including CT scans, we could not find any other primary foci. There fore, these meningiomas were thought to be a case of multiple extracranial meningiomas occurring at the same time. As for multiple extracranial meningiomas, this is the first case report in Japan. In general, extracranial meningiomas have been thought to be derived from ectopic arachnoid cell rests. Our case will be extremely important in the light of the histogenesis of extracranial meningiomas.

Ethmoid Sinus↗
PubMed1984

In vitro protein synthesis using D-amino acids and its evolutionary significance.

The in vitro incorporations of D-Trp or -Ala into peptides were investigated using a crude system. Although none of aminoacylation to the former was observed under the present condition, the latter was utilized for peptide synthesis at the same rate as the opposite enantiomer. The results of analyzing the peptides showed that the peptides, which were synthesized with either D-, L- or DL-Ala as the substrate, were composed of mostly similar molecular size. The study of incorporations of radioisotopes (14C-D- and 3H-L-Ala) into peptides also indicated that D-Ala was by no means inferior to L-Ala for the substrate. Basing upon the present experiment, the evolutionary significance for utilizing D-amino acids is discussed.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1984

Dominant lethal mutations induced by MMS and mitomycin C in the fish Oryzias latipes.

Males of the fish Oryzias latipes were treated with various chemicals and then mated with normal females. The fertility and hatchability of the eggs laid by the parents were examined, and the dominant lethal effects were estimated. Mitomycin C induced dominant lethals in the fish spermatids and spermatocytes after the males had been treated with concentrations of 2.5 and 25 micrograms/ml. Methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) induced dominant lethals in spermatozoa and spermatozoa and spermatids after the injection of 200 and 400 mg/kg. These results are in good agreement with the results obtained with mice. However, the effects of ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) were not clear on spermatogenic cells at any stage. We could not recognize any significant induction of dominant lethals by urethanes, bleomycin, caffeine, and two kinds of food-color additives, at least under the present experimental conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Agonist-antagonistic interactions of pentazocine with morphine studied in mice.

Interactions between the antinociceptive effects of pentazocine and morphine were studied in mice. In the tail-pressure test, the antinociceptive effect of pentazocine, 4.75 to 9.5 mg/kg, SC, was synergistic to that of morphine, 0.69 to 1.38 mg/kg, SC. In the acetic acid writhing test, the effect was also synergistic with pentazocine, 7.13 to 9.5 mg/kg, SC, and morphine, 1.03 to 1.38 mg/kg, SC. In the tail-pinch test, larger doses of morphine than those above were required to suppress the nociceptive response, and simultaneous administration of pentazocine, 2.38 to 19.0 mg/kg, SC, and morphine, 2.75 mg/kg, SC, produced antagonistic effects. Pentazocine, 19.0 mg/kg, completely antagonized the effect of morphine, 2.75 mg/kg, with simultaneous administration at these doses always nearly equipotent to administration of pentazocine alone. These results suggested that when pentazocine and morphine are simultaneously administered, pentazocine synergizes or antagonizes to antinociceptive effects of morphine depending on the dose sizes of morphine and pentazocine, and that the relative saturation levels of morphine and pentazocine at the receptor may be important factors in determining whether the interaction of pentazocine with morphine is antagonistic or synergistic.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Resolution of amino acids by a native-cellulose column.

Seventeen aliphatic, hydroxyl, sulfur-containing, aromatic, imino, and heterocyclic DL-amino acids were resolved without derivatization using a native-cellulose column. Chirality was assigned by either CD spectra or co-chromatography. Under these conditions, it is known that the hydrophobic interaction of amino acids with the hydroxyl groups on the cellulose played an important role in the separations. The cellulose column chromatographic system for resolution of amino acid enantiomers was combined with an amino acid analyzer. Thus, the DL-amino acids separated by the latter system were successively resolved by the former.

Amino Acids↗