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Biomedical subjects

A Shibuya

Publications and source records attributed to A Shibuya.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[A study on the erectile response with the vacuum constriction device compared with intracavernous injection of a vasoactive drug].

Many types of vacuum constriction devices (VCDs) are used for the treatment of impotence, but the VCDs made in the USA are too large for Japanese males, and air leakage occurs. Therefore, we examined the erectile response of 47 impotent men to a vacuum constriction device that is made in Japan and can be applied suitably for Japanese men, and compared the response to intracavernous injection of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). When the 47 cases were divided into two groups by nocturnal penile tumescence, twenty of the impotent men were regarded to have fewer organic factor (group A) while 27 were regarded to have more organic factor (group B). All (100%) of the 20 cases of group A achieved a complete erection with the VCD, but only 11 (55%) of them achieved a complete erection with PGE1. Twenty-three (85%) of the 27 cases of group B achieved a complete erection with the VCD, but only nine (33%) achieved a complete erection with PGE1. Two of the four patients who did not achieve a complete erection with the VCD stopped pumping the VCD because of penile pain, and the other two patients had a penile-brachial pressure index (PBPI) of under 0.65. It was suggested that patients with no severe vascular disease can show a good erectile response with the VCD.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1995

[Clinicopathological studies of anti-HCV P1P4 core antibody].

Anti-P1P4 core antibody, derived from a Japanese hepatitis C virus clone, was evaluated clinicopathologically in serum samples from 40 blood donors positive for anti-HCV antibody by 2nd generation assay and in 37 patients with HCV chronic hepatitis treated with interferon. The presence of anti-P1P4 antibody was highly correlated with the presence of HCV-RNA in the blood donors. In the patients with chronic hepatitis, more than a 50% reduction in P1P4 antibody titer after interferon therapy suggested the disappearance of HCV-RNA from the blood. Thus, anti-P1P4 antibody was useful in evaluating the virological effects of interferon therapy. However, clinically and pathologically, the titer of P1P4 antibody did not indicate the grade of liver inflammation.

Hepacivirus↗
PubMed1995

[Cholinesterase].

Since the chromatographic separation of cholinesterase (ChE) by Malström in 1956 many investigator studied ChE isozyme, Harris divided five spots by two dimensional paper electrophoresis and starchgel electrophoresis, and referred as C1 C2 C3 C4. Clinically, Juul separated ChE 12 bands by polyacrylamidegel electrophoresis. We separated ChE as five bands using polyacrylamidegel electrophoresis, revealing fusion and deformity of the band. Takahashi et al reported separation of band using acetyl and butyrylthiocholine as substrate. They found abnormal band in liver cirrhosis, however they have thought it acetyl cholinesterase. Hada et al revealed a defect of band II in liver cirrhosis. They investigated ChE isozyme using affinity electrophoresis with Concanavalin A (Con A) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). They found disappearance of band 2, Con A and WGA containing agarose gel electrophoresis seem to be useful method in differentiating liver cirrhosis from chronic hepatitis. The number of isozyme fraction exhibited a species related variations in laboratory animals. Rats, hamsters guinea pigs, rabbits, dogs, monkeys, pigs, horses and quails have 4, 3, 4, 3-5, 3, 3, 4 and 3 isozyme bands, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Genetic alteration of the hepatitis C virus hypervariable region obtained from an asymptomatic carrier.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome shows extensive sequence diversity at 2 hypervariable regions (HVR1 and HVR2) of the putative envelope glycoprotein (gp70). We recently reported that the amino-acid sequence of HVR1, but not of HVR2, underwent a striking mutation or mutated sequentially over a period of several months in patients with chronic hepatitis (CH). Here, we examined whether these genetic alterations in HVR1 occurred in an asymptomatic HCV carrier. The level of HCV RNA in serum was almost the same throughout the 4 time points sampled over 16 months. However, we found that the amino-acid sequence of the HCV HVR1 from this asymptomatic carrier altered with time, as seen in patients with CH. Alterations of amino acids in the HVR1 were correlated with persistent HCV infection rather than with clinical symptoms. Sequence heterogeneity of HVR1 was not correlated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values or liver histological findings. The necessity of clinical follow-up of HCV asymptomatic carriers is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

IgA nephropathy and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura with splenectomy: a case report.

A 14-year-old boy who had had a splenectomy at the age of 2 years for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, suffered from IgA nephropathy. Serum IgA and IgE levels were elevated and low levels of circulating immune complexes were detected. Splenectomy may play a role in the pathogenesis or susceptibility to IgA nephropathy by means of decreased clearance of circulating immune complexes or impaired immune regulation, such as increased IgA synthesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Characterization of the 5' noncoding and structural region of the hepatitis C virus genome from patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis responding differently to interferon treatment.

We examined 14 patients with hepatitis C caused by infection with the hepatitis C virus-II genotype to understand differences in responsiveness to interferon. The patients were classified into two groups according to their response to interferon: eight responding and six non-responding patients. The 5' noncoding and structural regions of the hepatitis C virus-II genome from each patient specimen were amplified by reverse transcription followed by the polymerase chain reaction. The nucleotide sequences of these amplified DNAs were then determined. By comparing the nucleotide sequences and the deduced amino acid sequences of samples from both groups, no group-specific sequence was observed in the analyzed regions despite the presence of considerable sequence diversity. However, additional cysteine residues were observed in half the responding group. The degree of micro-heterogeneity in hypervariable region 1 of the hepatitis C virus in relation to the sensitivity to interferon treatment was also examined; however, no significant correlation was observed. In addition, frequent alterations in the amino acid sequences were observed in hypervariable region 1 during the course of interferon treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Successful anti-D immunoglobulin therapy in refractory chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura showing reduction in thrombocytes even after splenectomy.

An 8 year old female child was treated with steroid hormones, anabolic steroid hormones and high dose gamma-globulin therapy for 2 years since being diagnosed with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura at the age of 6 years. Treatment produced only transient efficacy, and thrombocytopenia persisted. A scintigram taken 2 years after the onset of the disease using [125I]-labelled heated auto red cells revealed accumulation of radioactivities in the spleen, and therefore splenectomy was performed. However, thrombocytopenia (10 x 10(9)/L) developed again 3 weeks after the operation, for which she was treated again with high dose gamma-globulin with only transient recovery. Then, anti-D immunoglobulin was injected intramuscularly at 250 micrograms per dose for a total of four doses and the platelet count was restored to the normal range. Since then her platelet count has been maintained higher than 200 x 10(9)/L for these 11 months. The scintigram taken after splenectomy showed an accumulation of radioactivities in the liver. After administration of anti-D immunoglobulin, transient subclinical hemolysis appeared. The mechanism whereby anti-D immunoglobulin exerts the efficacy described here may be considered to be by blockage of Fc receptors of macrophages, as is the case for high dose gamma-globulin therapy. However, since the recovery in the platelet count persisted, it appears that changes in the immune system other than the above described mechanism have contributed to the recovery.

Child↗
PubMed1994

[Changes in C100-3, and N14 antibodies in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon].

In interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis type C, we assayed C100-3 and N14 antibodies, and also determined IgM-C100-3 and IgM-N14 antibodies as well as HCV-RNA. N14 antibody was assayed by an end point titer method. In patients responding to interferon therapy, C100-3 and N14 antibody titers were decreased and became negative. In patients irresponsive to interferon therapy, C100-3 antibody titers were hardly changed, while N14 antibody titers were markedly increased. IgM-C100-3 and IgM-N14 antibody levels were significantly higher in the patients non-responding to interferon therapy than in those responding to interferon therapy. The daily assays of C100-3 and N14 antibody titers are considered useful in judging the effectiveness of interferon against chronic hepatitis type C.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1994

Immunohistochemical study of hepatocellular carcinoma-specific aldehyde dehydrogenase.

Tumor-associated aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) was reported in cases of human hepatocellular carcinoma and animal hepatoma models. This ALDH isozyme is similar to ALDH3 which exists in the stomach and lung; however, the biochemical and clinical significance of this unique ALDH isozyme have not been established. Human tumor-associated ALDH was purified, and polyclonal antibodies prepared. Using these antibodies, specific development of tumor-associated ALDH was confirmed by immunohistochemical techniques. It was found that about 50% of hepatocellular carcinomas reacted with the antibody. This unique ALDH isozyme may be a novel tumor marker of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1993

Successful treatment of a patient with adult T-cell leukemia by daily oral administration of low-dose etoposide. Decrease in the amount of HTLV-I proviral DNA revealed by the polymerase chain reaction method.

BACKGROUND: Oral administration of low-dose etoposide is known to be effective against various malignancies, including malignant lymphoma. However, the effectiveness of low-dose etoposide as a treatment for adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) has not been established. METHODS: A 74-year-old woman with ATL in acute phase was treated by daily oral administration of low-dose etoposide (25 mg/m2). The authors assayed changes in the surface markers and the amount of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) proviral DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by using flow cytometry and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, respectively. RESULTS: Before treatment, generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatomegaly were observed. In laboratory examination, the leukocyte count was 13.7 x 10(3)/microliters, with 65% abnormal lymphocytes. The percentages of CD3-, CD4-, and CD25-positive cells in PBMC were 84.4%, 84.4%, and 76.5%, respectively. The serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) level was 1376 IU/l (normal range, less than 520 IU/l). After the initiation of treatment, lymph-adenopathy and hepatomegaly disappeared, and the serum LDH level was reduced to the normal level before the 20th day of the treatment. On the 55th day of the treatment, CD25-positive cells had virtually disappeared. In addition, the amount of the proviral DNA in PBMC was reduced to approximately one-tenth by this treatment. Subsequently, the patient was in remission for more than 16 months. No side effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Daily oral administration of low-dose etoposide can be a safe and effective treatment for patients with ATL. The authors believe this to be the first report of a patient with ATL in whom complete remission (CR) was achieved by this treatment.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Enrichment of interleukin-2-responsive natural killer progenitors in human bone marrow.

Natural killer (NK) cells can be cultured in interleukin-2 (IL-2)-containing medium from selected human bone marrow (BM) cells obtained after the elimination of mature T and NK cells. To isolate and characterize IL-2-responsive NK progenitors in the selected BM cells, we investigated the expression of IL-2 receptors (IL-2R) on these cells. Neither CD25 (IL-2R alpha) nor IL-2R beta antigen was observed on the selected BM cells before culture. However, CD25+ cells without detectable levels of IL-2R beta antigen appeared 24 hours after culture in IL-2-containing medium. Cells were sorted from each fraction of the selected BM cells 24 hours after culture after staining with anti-CD33, anti-CD34, and anti-CD25 monoclonal antibodies. The generation of NK cells (CD3- CD56+ cells) and NK activity were observed only from the CD33-/CD34-/CD25+ cell fraction after culture in IL-2-containing medium. The frequency of IL-2-responsive NK progenitors relative to the fraction was 1/231 (95% confidence range, 1/156 to 1/289), which corresponded to the frequency relative to the total number of selected BM cells when the frequency relative to the CD33-/CD34-/CD25+ cell-fraction was converted according to the percentage of these cells in the total number of selected BM cells. These results indicated that IL-2-responsive NK progenitors were enriched in the CD33-/CD34-/CD25+ cell fraction.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1993

Immunoglobulin-complexed aspartate aminotransferase.

We report a case of increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST, EC 2.6.1.1; GOT) in a 17-year-old girl which persisted for 3 years. The patient was healthy, but a high level of serum AST was detected during a school health check. Further examination revealed that AST was increased to as high as 259 IU/l while alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was normal. Immunoelectrosyneresis and immunoprecipitation methods revealed that this atypical AST combined with IgG--kappa, lambda globulin and formed macromolecular complexes. Including the present case, 26 cases of IgG-complexed AST have been reported. It is important to be aware of this syndrome, and thereby avoid unnecessary examinations and therapies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Staging pelvic lymphadenectomy for prostatic carcinoma].

Forty-two prostatic carcinoma patients with clinical stage A2, B or C underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy (limited node dissection) as a staging operation. The relationships among the presence of lymph node metastasis, tumor marker levels and histological findings of primary lesions were examined in 42 patients. Pelvic lymph node metastasis was noted in 18 (43%) of the 42 patients. The incidence of lymph node metastasis tended to be correlated with differentiation and Gleason's primary lesion sum. The preoperative PSA and PAP levels were significantly elevated in patients with positive lymph nodes for carcinoma than in those with negative lymph node for carcinoma. Patients with higher serum PSA (> or = 20 ng/ml) and PAP (> or = 10 ng/ml) levels were more frequently associated with lymph node metastasis. Thus, when serum PSA and PAP were markedly elevated before treatment in patients with prostatic carcinoma, they should be considered to have a potential of pelvic lymph node metastasis. Pelvic lymph node metastasis was observed in some cases even without high tumor marker levels, particularly those with poorly differentiated carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Effect of THP-CVP regimen for elderly patients with malignant lymphoma].

Between April 1990 and June 1992, a multicenter clinical trial of chemotherapy regimens was performed with patients, aged 65 years or more, suffering from malignant lymphoma. The total number of patients was 38 included 30 initial cases (median age: 72) and 8 relapsed cases (79). The chemotherapy regimen, administered every 3 weeks, included pirarubicin (30 mg/m2; day 1), cyclophosphamide (500 mg/m2; day 1), vindesine (1.5 mg/m2; day 1), and prednisolone (40 mg/m2; days 1-5) for the initial cases, and etoposide (100 mg/m2; days 1-5) in addition for relapse cases. The complete response and partial response rates were 50.0% and 40.0% in initial cases, respectively, and 50.0% and 0% in relapsed cases, respectively. The 50% survival period was 25.9 months in initial cases and 18.0 months in relapse cases. There were no serious side effects related to the regimens. Performance status deteriorated in only one case after chemotherapy. We concluded that the chemotherapy regimens were useful and safe for elderly patients with malignant lymphoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Adenocarcinoma arising in the ileal segment of a defunctionalized ileocystoplasty.

We report a case of adenocarcinoma arising in the ileal segment of an ileocystoplasty which had remained defunctionalized for 22 years, after conversion to the ileal conduit. In our case, inflammation or previous radiation as well as urine exposure are suggested to have participated in the development of the carcinoma in the augmented bladder.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

[AIDS virus].

A Japanese child case of subacute progressive encephalopathy was presented. Not only the pathological findings of HIV growth in microglias, astrocytes and macrophages in the central nervous system, but also the pathobiological findings of neuronal apoptosis were shown as etiologies of HIV encephalopathy. Epidemiology, diagnosis, prophylaxis, fetomaternal transmission and embryopathy were discussed briefly.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMed1993

[Genotypes of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase and their significance for alcohol sensitivity].

Genotypes of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) loci were determined, using allele specific oligonucleotides. Gene frequencies of ADH2(1) and ADH2(2) were 0.29 and 0.71, respectively, in the Japanese control group. No significant difference was found in the ADH2 genotype between the patients and the control group. Gene frequency of ALDH2(1) and ALDH2(2) were 0.65 and 0.35 in the control group, while 0.93 and 0.07, respectively in the patient group. Most of the patients, 20 out of 23, were homozygous Caucasian type. All individuals with homozygous atypical ALDH2(2)/ALDH2(2) and most of those with heterozygous atypical ALDH2(1)/ALDH2(1) were alcohol flushers, while all of the usual ALDH2(1)/ALDH2(1) were nonflushers. The results indicate that Japanese with the atypical ALDH2(2) allele are at a much lower risk in developing alcoholic liver disease than those with usual ALDH2(1)/ALDH2(1), presumably due to their sensitivity to alcohol intoxication.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase↗