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Biomedical subjects

A Shende

Publications and source records attributed to A Shende.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Management of echinococcosis.

Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonosis caused by larval forms of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus and transmitted by dogs. In humans, the disease is characterized by slowly growing cyst commonly occurring in liver and lungs. Clinical features of hepatic hydatid cyst are mainly right upper quadrant pain, feeling of lump and enlarged tender liver. The cyst may be complicated by infection or rupture and may lead to anaphylactic reaction. Ultrasonography supported by serology is the main diagnostic modality. Treatment of univesicular cyst is predominantly medical or percutaneous. Percutaneous treatment (PAIR) is safe and effective and complications are infrequent. For multivesicular and complicated cyst surgery remains the mainstay of treatment.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2001

Thrombocytopenia absent corpus callosum syndrome: third case of a distinct clinical entity.

Thrombocytopenia absent corpus callosum, characterized by refractory thrombocytopenia, agenesis of the corpus callosum, hypoplastic cerebellum, abnormal facies, and developmental delay, represents a relatively newly described clinical entity. An 18-month-old girl with agenesis of the corpus callosum, hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis, hypotonia, and severe developmental delay presented with thrombocytopenia. She had a distinctive facies with microcephaly, broad nasal root with upturned nose, small upper lip, and micrognathia. A bone marrow aspirate and biopsy showed normal cellularity with dysplastic megakaryocytes. Thrombocytopenia absent corpus callosum is compared with other conditions characterized by congenital non-immune thrombocytopenia.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1999

Cure of implantable venous port-associated bloodstream infections in pediatric hematology-oncology patients without catheter removal.

The efficacy of antibiotic treatment of port-associated bloodstream infection without device removal has not been systematically studied. We analyzed the outcome of 43 consecutive port-associated bloodstream infections in pediatric hematology-oncology patients. Etiologies included Staphylococcus epidermidis (30) and Staphylococcus aureus (6). Antibiotics were given through the port for a median of 11 days. Four ports were removed within 72 hours. In 36 (92%) of the remaining 39 episodes, there was a response to antibiotic therapy (defervescence and negative blood culture). In 78% of episodes in which there was a response (excluding two in which the catheters were removed because of mechanical problems), the infections were cured without port removal. Two of the four relapses were cured with a second course of antibiotics. The cure rate was 92% for S. epidermidis infections and 67% for S. aureus infections. Thus, the majority of port-associated bloodstream infections in pediatric hematology-oncology patients can be cured without device removal.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed1998

Use of pamidronate in the management of acute cancer-related hypercalcemia in children.

PURPOSE: To determine whether pamidronate is a safe and effective agent for the treatment of severe hypercalcemia of malignancy in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of the charts of five children treated with pamidronate 1-2 mg/kg for severe, refractory hypercalcemia of malignancy. All children failed conventional therapy. Statistical analysis was done utilizing the two-tailed Student's t-test. RESULTS: All five children had complete resolution of their hypercalcemia in a predictable pattern within 24-48 hours. The average decrease in serum calcium was 1.63 mmol/L (6.54 mg/dl). (P < .01) The adverse effects were mild and transient, and consisted of hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and hypomagnesemia. CONCLUSIONS: Pamidronate at a dose of 1 mg/kg is a safe and effective treatment for severe, refractory hypercalcemia of malignancy in children.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Papillary-cystic neoplasm of the pancreas.

Papillary-cystic neoplasm of the pancreas is a rare, nonfunctioning low-grade malignant tumor seen in young patients, most often female. Ultrasound and CT show a circumscribed, solid nonhomogeneous mass with cystic areas, with peripheral but not central enhancement and occasional calcification. Prognosis after excision is usually excellent. We describe a case of the papillary-cystic neoplasm of the pancreas in a 13-year-old girl to illustrate the radiological findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Erythrocyte-depleted allogeneic human umbilical cord blood transplantation.

Cord blood is a recently recognized source of hematopoietic stem cells. It can be employed successfully to reconstitute hematopoiesis following allogeneic transplantation. One current drawback of cord blood as a treatment has been a risk of transfusion reactions attributable to ABO blood group mismatch. Removal of red cells from the cord blood has led to reduction of the stem cells by 30-50%. In this paper we report red cell depletion by a method that employs 3% gelatin to effectively sediment the erythrocytes and selectively deplete red cells but permits 94% recovery of nucleated cells and enrichment of colony-forming cells by granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units, erythrocyte burst-forming units, and granulocyte-macrophage-megakaryocyte colony-forming units in the cord blood preparation. This technique has been employed in our study to remove red cells from the cord blood of a male infant delivered by cesarean section, which has permitted treatment of a female sibling suffering from leukemia. The recipient was 8 years old and weighted 36.7/kg. Complete HLA identity between the two siblings was established. A cord blood cell transplant of cryopreserved and later thawed cells (4 x 10(7) nucleated cells per kilogram) was administered to the patient after intensive myeloablative chemotherapy. The patient exhibited a prompt hematologic recovery (absolute neutrophil count > 500 by day 31, 100% male cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood by day 25) and has experienced a 13-month disease-free survival to date.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1992

Caesarean sections in developing and developed countries.

A clinical study of 1086 cases of caesareans done in the period 1987-1991 in a rural institute is presented with a review of the latest data from India and elsewhere. Of the women, 86.19% were between 20 and 30 years; 43.83% were primigravidas. The most common indications were obstructed labour and malpresentations. 17.76% of the emergency and 14.64% of registered obstetric admissions resulted in caesarean delivery. The status of caesarean births is very different in developed and developing countries though both face the problem of its very high incidence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Juvenile chronic myelocytic leukemia: experience with intensive combination chemotherapy.

Six children with juvenile chronic myelocytic leukemia (JCML) with adverse prognostic features were treated with intensive combination chemotherapy similar to that utilized in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). Despite obtaining hematologic remissions after induction therapy, clinical findings of extramedullary disease persisted. The use of intensive post-induction chemotherapy did not erradicate persistent extramedullary disease, and all patients developed hematologic relapse and progressive disease at a median of 8 months. The median survival of the treated patients was 15 months. The use of intensive ANLL therapy in poor prognosis JCML does not improve the survival rates reported with less intensive regimens but does have value in producing hematologic remissions that may be useful in preparing patients for bone marrow transplant.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1988

N-myc oncogene expression in histopathologically unrelated bilateral pediatric renal tumors.

Renal tumors of childhood occasionally exhibit histopathologic and clinical features that preclude accurate diagnosis. Molecular and cell culture techniques may be helpful in better characterizing these cases. This approach was used to examine unusual bilateral renal tumors from a young boy. The left kidney tumor was an undifferentiated neoplasm with light microscopic features suggestive of both Wilms' tumor and neuroblastoma, and the right kidney tumor was identified as multilocular cystic nephroma (MLCN). In vitro tissue culture of tumor cells and hybridization experiments with an N-myc oncogene DNA probe contributed to a revised diagnosis of intrarenal neuroblastoma of the left kidney. A cell line established from the left tumor exhibited neurite outgrowth and was positive for neuron-specific enolase and synaptophysin. N-myc was greater than ten-fold amplified in chromosomal DNA from the left kidney tumor. Measurement of N-myc RNA expression enabled distinction between benign and malignant tumor tissue. The detection of N-myc gene amplification predicted a poor prognosis which was confirmed by the patient's subsequent clinical course.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1988

Simultaneous study of karyotype and cell morphology in childhood erythroleukemia.

We followed a 2-year-old girl with erythroleukemia (EL) for 7 months, from the time of her initial diagnosis until her death. Immunophenotyping of bone marrow was negative for markers of myeloid and lymphoid lineages. Chromosome study of marrow at diagnosis revealed abnormalities in all mitotic cells, with a clonal karyotype of 48,XX,t(2;12)(p11.2; p13),+6,+21. Subsequent studies showed that the clone rapidly evolved and accumulated additional structural and numerical abnormalities, in spite of intensive chemotherapy during the final months. Simultaneous study of the karyotype and cell morphology of dividing bone marrow cells after 24 hours of in vitro culture, using a technique that preserves cell structure, showed that cells with the chromosome abnormalities were PAS-negative. The combined immunological, cytogenetic, and morphological data indicate that the original malignant cell type was neither myeloblast nor erythroblast but an early progenitor type that rapidly proliferated.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1988

Persistent chromosome damage induced by localized radiotherapy for lymphoma.

A fibroblast culture was established from a lymph node biopsy of a patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 9 months after chemotherapy and intensive therapeutic x-irradiation of the area. In contrast with blood and bone marrow, which were chromosomally normal, all cells of the lymph node were chromosomally abnormal, with numerous clones having multiple structural abnormalities. Numerical abnormalities (trisomies and monosomies) were not found. Structural abnormalities included translocations, terminal deletions, and pericentric inversions, with an excess of centromeric breakpoints being the only apparent deviation from a random distribution of breakpoints. None of the rearrangements associated with malignant lymphoma were seen, indicating that the chromosome abnormalities in the lymph stroma were radiation-associated, not disease-associated. These acquired changes may be a cause of additional malignant transformation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The noninvasive diagnosis of intrathoracic splenosis using technetium-99m heat-damaged red blood cells.

Intrathoracic splenosis results from the implantation of splenic tissue in the thoracic cavity following simultaneous rupture of the spleen and diaphragm. These implants may form mass lesions that lead to an extensive, costly, and invasive series of investigations, usually resulting in unnecessary surgery. The key to diagnosis is a high index of suspicion provoked by the history of a traumatic event, possibly in the distant past. This report emphasizes that because of its ability to demonstrate the functional nature of tissue, a definitive diagnosis can be made using heat-damaged Tc-99m RBCs without the need for surgical intervention.

Adolescent↗