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Biomedical subjects

A Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to A Sharma.

At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Ultrasound diagnosis of multiple cystic encephalomalacia.

Following bacterial meningitis thirty cases of enlarging head were evaluated on ultrasound to find out the cause. Nine out of 30 patients had multiple cystic lesions in both cerebral hemispheres with or without ventriculomegaly. Three patients showed debris in the cysts suggesting pus, which was confirmed on ultrasound-guided aspiration in two and on surgery in one case. Seven out of nine patients had died at the time of writing this communication, suggesting the need for its early detection and timely family counselling. It is stressed that multiple cystic encephalomalacia has a characteristic appearance on ultrasound and all patients with meningitis should be screened routinely so as to detect it at an early stage.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1988

Effects of lanthanum in cellular systems. A review.

Lanthanum belongs to the group of elements known as "lanthanons," which also includes cerium, europium, promethium, and thulium. It is the most electropositive element of the rare earth group, is uniformly trivalent, and is similar in its chemical properties to the alkaline earth elements. The effects of this element and its compounds on cellular systems are of considerable interest because of their increasing use in industry and as a substitute or antagonist for calcium in a variety of cellular reactions. Lanthanum is also being employed extensively in studying anatomical barriers, membrane structure, and subcellular transport systems, particularly the calcium pathway.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Relative efficacy of short-term tests in detecting genotoxic effects of cadmium chloride in mice in vivo.

The ability of intraperitoneally administered cadmium chloride (0.42-6.75 mg/kg) to induce genotoxic damage in somatic and germ cells of mice was evaluated using chromosomal aberrations, sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE), micronuclei and sperm-head abnormalities as end-points. A significant increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations and SCEs was observed in almost all treated series when compared to the negative control. Micronucleus formation in polychromatic erythrocytes was not affected significantly except at the highest concentration used (6.75 mg/kg). Significant differences were observed in the frequency of sperm with abnormal head morphology at all concentrations tested except the lowest one. The clastogenic effects of cadmium chloride in both somatic and germinal cells are found to depend directly on the concentrations used.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of selenium on cadmium-induced chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells of mice.

Selenium, which is regarded as nature's antidote to heavy metal toxicities, was administered to mice. Salt solutions of cadmium chloride and sodium selenite were gavaged singly and successively, with or without a time gap of 1 h. Degrees of protection offered by this element against cadmium-induced toxic effects with special reference to chromosomal aberrations were assessed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Sister chromatid exchanges and micronuclei formations induced by sorbic acid and sorbic acid-nitrite in vivo in mice.

The in vivo induction of sister chromatid exchanges and micronuclei formations by acute treatment with different concentrations of sorbic acid and by nitrite, individually and in combination, was studied in bone marrow cells of mice. A significant increase in the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges was only observed with the three higher concentrations of sorbic acid when compared to a distilled water control. Sodium nitrite produced a significant increase at all doses tested. A combination of half the concentration of sorbic acid and of sodium nitrite gave an additive effect over that of sorbic acid or sodium nitrite alone. In the micronucleus assay, the highest dose of sorbic acid (150 mg/kg body weight) produced a significant increase in micronuclei formations compared to the distilled water control. Sodium nitrite alone induced significant numbers of micronuclei at all concentrations tested when compared to the negative control. However, a combination of half the concentration of sorbic acid and of sodium nitrite gave synergistic effects which could possibly be ascribed to the formation of certain genotoxic compounds in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

In vivo cytogenetic studies on mice exposed to Orange G, a food colourant.

Orange G, a monoazo dye, used as a food colourant, was evaluated with in vivo cytogenetic assays to determine its genotoxicity. Swiss albino male mice were exposed to Orange G through intraperitoneal injections. Bone marrow cells isolated from femora were analyzed for sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and chromosome aberrations. The results showed that the incidence of SCEs and chromosome aberrations were significantly higher than controls at certain concentrations. 25 mg/kg of Orange G was found to be the minimum effective dose for the induction of both SCEs and chromosome aberrations. Orange G is thus found to be clastogenic and genotoxic in vivo in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Studies on glyoxalase 1 isoenzymes in semen stains: polymorphism in Himachal (India) population.

One hundred and ten pairs of blood and semen samples and their stains were studied to type glyoxalase 1 (GLO 1) isoenzymes using agarose-starch medium. A good agreement was observed between the phenotypes expressed in blood and semen samples of the same donor. No GLO 1 activity however could be demonstrated in the vaginal swabs tested. The gene frequencies of GLO 1 polymorphs in Himachal population has been worked out and their stability studies carried out at -12 degrees C and at room temperature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Increasing medical burden of child abuse.

During the decade January 1976 to December 1985, as a result of increased public awareness, the numbers of reported (but not proved) cases of abuse to children living in South Birmingham increased thirty-fold; the incidence of detected and proved cases of abuse increased fourfold. The increase was principally due to bruises, scalds, and neglect. The numbers of serious fractures and brain injuries did not increase. The first case of sexual abuse was reported in 1981 and this was followed by a subsequent rise in the detection rate. The combination of increased reporting, increased incidence of proved abuse, and the necessity for increased supervision of families and intervention has created a serious burden on the child health services that may necessitate a reduction in services to other children. Alternative ways of tackling the problems of child abuse may have to be introduced, but they may have unwelcome consequences.

Child↗
PubMed1988

The lipid composition of plasma membrane from goat mammary gland.

Experiments were conducted to examine and characterize the lipid composition of the plasma membrane from the lactating goat mammary gland. The plasma membranes were purified by discontinuous sucrose density centrifugation. Lipids were extracted from these membranes and analyzed by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography. The results of these studies demonstrate that (i) the principal phospholipids of mammary-gland plasma membranes are phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingomyelin; (ii) the principal neutral lipids are triacylglyceride and cholesterol ester; (iii) the major glycolipids are globotetraosylceramide and globotriaosylceramide; and (iv) the major fatty acids are oleic (18:1), palmitic (16:0), stearic (18:0), and myristic (14:0) acids.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Bovine basic fibroblast growth factor: identification and binding of its receptor on PC12 cells.

Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) was purified to homogeneity from bovine pituitary glands on the basis of its ability to stimulate Swiss 3T3 cell proliferation. The binding characteristics of biologically active 125[I]-FGF to PC12 cells have been studied. Binding of 125[I]-FGF was found to be specific, as the bound 125[I]-FGF was displaced by native FGF but not by epidermal growth factor (EGF) or nerve growth factor (NGF). Binding was saturable both as a function of time and of the concentration of 125[I]-FGF. Scatchard analysis of the binding data revealed the presence of 1.05.10(5) binding sites/cell with an apparent KD of 258 pM. When 125[I]-FGF binding was studied in PC12 cell membranes, it was found that the membraneous binding site displayed a lower KD of 28 pM. 125[I]-FGF was covalently cross-linked to its cell surface receptor on intact PC12 cells using the homobifunctional agent disuccinimidyl suberate. The covalently cross-linked 125[I]-FGF identified a single detergent soluble FGF binding site with an apparent molecular weight of 145,000 by SDS-PAGE analysis. Unlabeled FGF was found to compete with 125[I]-FGF for binding to the same receptor site. No labelling was observed in the absence of the cross-linker or when heat inactivated 125[I]-FGF was used. In conclusion, the present studies demonstrate for the first time the presence of FGF receptor on PC12 cells.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗