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Biomedical subjects

A Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to A Sharma.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Magnesium levels in acute cardiotoxicity due to aluminium phosphide poisoning.

Significant hypomagnesemia and hypomagnocytia were observed in patients of aluminium phosphide (AIP) poisoning having evidence of acute cardiotoxicity while magnesium levels were normal in patients of AIP poisoning without shock or cardiotoxicity as well as in controls. There was a direct relationship between electrocardiographic findings and low magnesium levels. The mortality was also related directly to hypomagnesemia. The dose of pesticide also influenced the mortality adversely. Autopsied heart showed changes of toxic myocarditis on histopathology.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Cytotoxic effects of cobalt chloride on mouse bone marrow cells in vivo.

Various dilutions (1/10, 1/20, 1/40) of the lethal toxic dose of cobalt chloride, a non-carcinogenic salt, were found to be clastogenic to bone marrow cells of mice when administered orally in vivo. The clastogenic effects, mainly chromosome breaks, increased significantly with increasing concentration. The frequency of cell division was affected only by higher concentrations of the salt.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Long-term results of extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens insertion in Nepal.

We performed a prospective study evaluating the 2-year success rate of extracapsular cataract surgery and posterior chamber IOL insertion performed in 610 eyes by an experienced surgeon in the Nepal Eye Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. All patients were followed for 2 years. All eyes underwent manual irrigation and aspiration of cortical materials with the insertion of a modified J-loop posterior chamber IOL. Almost one half of eyes had final uncorrected visual acuities of 20/50 or better. Devastating complications, including retinal detachment, corneal decompensation, and endophthalmitis, occurred in 7 (1.2%) eyes. Extracapsular cataract surgery with IOL implantation appears to be a possible alternative in underdeveloped nations where the prevalence of cataract is high and aphakic spectacles are not easily obtained by poor patients and may be lost or broken. The procedure may improve the quality of vision, and therefore the quality of life, in those patients able to obtain pseudophakic vision.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Effects of aluminium salts on bone marrow chromosomes in rats in vivo.

Oral administration of aluminium sulphate to laboratory bred Rattus norvegicus for prolonged period induced dose dependent inhibition of dividing cells and an increase in chromosomal aberrations. The effect was not influenced by the duration of exposure. The toxicity of the two salts, aluminium sulphate and potassium aluminium sulphate, did not differ significantly at doses in which the metal contents were kept constant.

Alum Compounds↗
PubMed1991

Serum cholesterol levels in carcinoma breast.

A total of 56 histologically confirmed cases of carcinoma breast were analysed in terms of serum cholesterol levels, age, religion and dietary status of the patients. Age-matched controls from the same geographical area were chosen from the relatives/attendants of patients, to rule out the possible influence of environment, socio-economic, cultural and dietary practices. The mean serum cholesterol level of patients was 193.07 mg/dl (+/- 36.39), as compared to 216.32 mg/dl (+/- 30.51) in the controls (P less than 0.001). A significant difference in the blood cholesterol levels between non-vegetarian and vegetarian patients was also observed (P less than 0.001), as also between vegetarian and non-vegetarian patients and the controls (P greater than 0.025).

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effects of culture media on spontaneous incidence of mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus counts, sister chromatid exchanges and cell cycle kinetics in peripheral blood lymphocytes of male and female donors.

The spontaneous incidence of mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations (CA), micronucleus counts (MNC), sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and cell cycle kinetics (CCK) were studied in human peripheral blood lymphocytes grown in M199 and RPMI-1640 culture media. Lower frequencies of CAs, MNC and SCEs were observed in lymphocytes cultured in medium RPMI-1640. The reduction of the MI and the replicative index in M199 medium showed delayed cell cycle kinetics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Human splenic galaptin: physicochemical characterization.

Mammalian spleens were previously reported to contain beta-galactoside-binding lectins [Allen, H. J., Cywinski, M., Palmberg, R., & DiCioccio, R. (1987) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 256, 523-533]. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the relationship of human splenic galaptin to other beta-galactoside-binding lectins identified in other human and animal tissues. Galaptin of subunit molecular mass 14.5 kDa was the only lectin of this type found in human spleen as assessed by SDS-PAGE, RP-HPLC, and Western blot analyses. Three polypeptides of pI 4.60, 4.80, and 4.85 were detected by isoelectric focusing of purified galaptin, with the major band having pI 4.85. UV spectral analysis indicated the absence of prosthetic groups and gave A1%(1cm), 280 = 5.5. Circular dichroic analysis suggested the presence of 40% beta structure, considerable random coil, and 10% alpha helix structure. The amino acid composition was very similar to that for human placental galaptin. Amino acid sequence analyses were carried out on V8 protease, CNBr, and iodosobenzoic acid digestion fragments. A total of 94 residues were identified. All sequences determined could be aligned with placental galaptin sequences. We conclude that human splenic galaptin is identical with human placental galaptin. A related polypeptide of molecular mass approximately 14.5 kDa was found to be present in several different mammalian spleens as assessed by Western blot analysis using a monospecific polyclonal anti-human splenic galaptin antiserum.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Human splenic galaptin: carbohydrate-binding specificity and characterization of the combining site.

A galactose-binding lectin (galaptin) from human spleen has been purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography on asialofetuin-Sepharose. The carbohydrate-binding specificity of galaptin has been investigated by analyzing the binding of galaptin to asialofetuin in the presence of putative inhibitors. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed that involved adsorption of asialofetuin to microtiter plates. Galaptin bound to asialofetuin was detected with polyclonal rabbit anti-galaptin serum followed by goat anti-rabbit IgG-peroxidase conjugate. The concentrations of inhibitors giving 50% inhibition of galaptin binding relative to controls were graphically determined and normalized relative to galactose or lactose. These analyses revealed that galaptin has a combining site at least as large as a disaccharide. The disaccharides having non-reducing-terminal beta-galactosyl residues linked (1,3), (1,4), and (1,6) to Glc or GlcNAc are better inhibitors than free Gal. GalNAc, either free or glycosidically linked, appears to have no affinity for the lectin. The nitrophenyl galactosides are better inhibitors than methyl galactosides, indicating the occurrence of hydrophobic interactions. The data indicate that OH groups at C-4 and C-6 of Gal and the OH at C-3 of GlcNAc in Gal beta(1,4)GlcNAc are important for lectin sugar interaction. Our data support the hypothesis that endogenous receptors for galaptin are most likely lactosaminoglycan moieties.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1990

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of beta-hydroxydecanoyl thiol ester dehydrase from Escherichia coli.

Escherichia coli beta-hydroxydecanoyl thiol ester dehydrase, a key enzyme for the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in E. coli, has been crystallized by the vapor diffusion method at pH 5.0-5.5 using 20% (w/v) polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 8000) as a precipitant. Two crystal forms have been characterized, and both diffract to at least 1.6 A. The orthorhombic crystals belong to space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with cell constants of a = 68.4 A, b = 87.3 A, and c = 60.3 A. Monoclinic crystals are of space group C2, with a = 131.9 A, b = 71.5 A, c = 92.5 A, and beta = 103.5 degrees.

Crystallization↗
PubMed1990

Role of galaptin in ovarian carcinoma adhesion to extracellular matrix in vitro.

Immunohistochemical studies indicated that galaptin is a major protein of ovarian carcinoma cells present in patient effusions and it is distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that galaptin is also a major protein of the A121 ovarian carcinoma cell line, constituting less than or equal to 1% of extractable protein bound by DEAE Sephacel. Western blot analyses revealed that the galaptin present in ovarian carcinoma consists of a 14.5 KD subunit. Ovarian carcinoma and mesothelial cells isolated from patient effusions display surface receptors for galaptin with an apparently greater density of receptors present on the carcinoma cells. A121 cells also display surface receptors for galaptin: binding sites/cell = 3 X 10(8) and Ka = 1.2 X 10(9) M-1. The presence of galaptin in bovine corneal endothelial cells (BCEC) and BCEC-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) was demonstrated by ELISA. Of the total ECM-bound galaptin, about 75% appears to be insoluble in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) lactose. ECM was also found to contain abudnant receptors for galaptin. Treatment of ECM with lactose increased the apparent galaptin receptor density:binding sites/cm2 = 7 X 10(13) and Ka = 2.6 X 10(9) M-1. Pretreatment of A121 cells with galaptin inhibited adhesion to ECM. The addition of exogenous galaptin to ECM had variable effect on cell adhesion. The data presented here suggest that early adhesion events may be carbohydrate-specific involving interaction between ECM-bound galaptin and cell surface galaptin receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

magnetic resonance diagnosis of spinal arachnoid cyst. A report of two cases.

Magnetic resonance (MR) findings in one case each of extradural and intradural arachnoid cyst are described. Thoracic segments were involved in both cases. The cysts were slightly more intense than cerebrospinal fluid in both cases on T1 weighted images. The nature and extent of the lesions were better demonstrated on MR images as compared with combined myelography and computed tomography.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Magnetic resonance evaluation of spinal dysraphism in children.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the spine was performed as the initial imaging technique in 20 children when spinal dysraphism was suspected clinically and plain radiographs showed spina bifida. The correlation with surgical findings indicated that MR provided accurate information preoperatively in all the cases. Some unusual observations in cases with spina bifida cystica and occulta are discussed. It is concluded that plain radiograph and MR complete the preoperative radiologic evaluation of cases with spinal dysraphism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Clastogenic activity of strontium chloride on bone marrow cells in vivo.

Oral administration of different concentrations of Strontium chloride to laboratory bred mice in vivo induced chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cell metaphase preparations. The degree of clastogenicity was directly proportional to concentration used at 6, 12, and 24 h of treatment. Duration of treatment could only be related positively in the lower doses. The females showed greater susceptibility than the males at all concentrations used.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Nepal: integrating traditional and modern health services in the remote area of Bashkharka.

Within a framework of Primary Health Care (PHC) and Health Promotion (HP), the focus of this paper is on integrating traditional and modern health care in the remote area of Bashkharka, Nepal. The relevance to integrated health care of factors such as geography, ethnicity, religion, national infrastructure and international development agencies are discussed. Issues concerning the relationship between the theory and practice of PHC and HP are raised.

Health Policy↗