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A Sedallian

Publications and source records attributed to A Sedallian.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

[In vitro activity of carbapenems (biapenem, imipenem and meropenem) and some other antibiotics against strict anaerobic bacteria].

During 1994, the in vitro antibiotic susceptibility of 306 anaerobic bacteria was performed in 4 hospitals, by the reference agar dilution method. Among the 129 B. fragilis group strains, only two B. fragilis strains were resistant to the three carbapenems and all beta-lactams, even combined with beta-lactamase-inhibitors while metronidazole resistance could not be detected. Evolution in antibiotic resistance rates could be assessed only for piperacillin whose resistance rates increased to 20%. beta-lactamase production was detected respectively for 27% of Prevotella and 17% of Fusobacterium strains. No beta-lactamase activity was seen among Gram positive anaerobes. On the whole anaerobic strains resistance rates were: biapenem, imipenem, meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam 0.7, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid or metronidazole 2, piperacillin 11.3, amoxicillin 31%, respectively. The three carbapenems demonstrated a good in vitro activity against most anaerobes with few differences between them.

Bacteroides fragilis↗
PubMed1994

Penicillin G/ofloxacin versus erythromycin/amoxicillin-clavulanate in the treatment of severe community-acquired pneumonia.

In a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial, the efficacy of penicillin plus ofloxacin was compared to that of amoxicillin-clavulanate plus erythromycin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. One hundred seventeen hospitalized patients presenting with severe community-acquired pneumonia received either penicillin 3 x 10(6) U/6 h plus ofloxacin 200 mg twice daily (group A) or amoxicillin-clavulanate 1 g/6 h plus erythromycin 1 g/8 h (group B). Initial assessment included clinical examination, determination of simplified acute physiology score (SAPS), chest X-ray and evaluation of microbiological data obtained from blood, sputum and/or bronchoscopy. Follow-up was documented at 72 h and at 30 days. Both groups were comparable for age, sex, SAPS, chest X-ray, hypoxemia and microbiological data. The causative pathogen was identified in 54 cases (53%), Streptococcus pneumoniae being most frequent isolate (54.7%). All organisms cultured were susceptible to at least one of the antibiotics of each combination of the protocol, with the exception of two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A favorable outcome was observed in 76% of the patients, equally distributed between the two groups. After completion of therapy there were 12 clinical failures in each group (20.5%). Six patients in each group (10.3%) died of infection. Tolerance was similar for both regimens, apart from an increased rate of superficial thrombophlebitis in patients receiving intravenous erythromycin. The combination of penicillin with ofloxacin is as effective and as safe as a previously recommended regimen combining amoxicillin-clavulanate and erythromycin in treating patients with community-acquired pneumonia.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Susceptibility of strict anaerobic bacteria to antibiotics in France: a multicenter study].

During 1992, the in vitro antibiotic susceptibility of 462 anaerobic bacteria was performed in 7 hospitals, by the reference agar dilution method. Among the 222 Bacteroides fragilis group strains, only one Bacteroides fragilis strain was resistant to imipenem and all bêtalactams, even combined with bêtalactamase-inhibitors while metronidazole resistance could not be detected. One major outer membrane protein (probably a porin) was lacking in some of the six amoxicillin-clavulanic acid resistant Bacteroides fragilis group strains. Evolution in antibiotic resistance rates could be assessed only for clindamycin and piperacillin whose resistance rates increased to 14 and 15.8 p. cent, respectively. On the whole anaerobic strains resistance rates were: imipenem 0.2, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid 0.5, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid or metronidazole 1.5, piperacillin 9.1, cefotaxime-sulbactam 9.7, cefoxitin 12.8, clindamycin 13.7, cefotaxime 27.2, amoxicillin 45 and ciprofloxacin 70, respectively.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

Survey of the susceptibility patterns of Bacteroides fragilis group strains in France from 1977 to 1992.

Rates of antibiotic resistance within the Bacteroides fragilis group were monitored over a 15-year period in France by examining studies that employed the same methodology to test susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria. Chloramphenicol, metronidazole, beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations and imipenem remained very active against Bacteroides fragilis. There was little or no change in rates of resistance to these antibiotics. Resistance to clindamycin increased from 1% in 1977 to a peak of 19% in 1987, and since then has remained at 8 to 12%. There was some evidence that resistance to most beta-lactam agents increased during the same period. These results emphasize the need for periodic surveys of resistance patterns of the Bacteroides fragilis group in each country.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

[Role of mycoplasmas in the last month of pregnancy and postpartum pathology. Prospective study of 577 pregnancies].

The authors report the findings of a prospective study of 577 pregnancies. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of mycoplasma on peri-post-natal illness arising during the last month of gestation and during the immediate post-partum period. The incidence of contamination was 29% of Ureaplasma urealyticum and 2.3% for Mycoplasma hominis. This showed little change post partum. The rate of transmission to the fetus or placenta is low. No difference in end-of-term fetal weight was detected in comparison with a control population. Ureaplasma urealyticum was significantly associated with premature breaking of the membranes. Mycoplasma hominis was highly significantly associated with post-partum endometritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Strict anaerobic bacteria: comparative study of various beta-lactam antibiotics in combination with tazobactam or sulbactam].

The minimal inhibitory concentrations of piperacillin (PIP) or cefotaxime (CTX) alone or in combination with tazobactam (TAZ) were determined against 168 anaerobes. All the strains were inhibited by PIP + TAZ, but certain strains resistant to CTX + TAZ were found among B. fragilis, Eubacterium and Peptostreptococcus. The second investigations included 30 strains of Bacteroides fragilis. Concentrations of 2, 4 and 8 mg/l of TAZ and sulbactam (SUL) were combined with piperacillin or cefotaxime. The two beta-lactamase-inhibitors had similar activities when used at 2 or 4 mg/l, but at 8 mg/l TAZ was more active than SUL. All B. fragilis strains were inhibited by PIP + TAZ or PIP + SUL, whereas resistance was observed with CTX + SUL or CTX + TAZ. On the same strains the activities of 6 beta-lactams (PIP, mezlocillin, ticarcillin (TIC), CTX, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime) were determined in combination with either SUL 4 mg/l or TAZ 8 mg/l. Only PIP or TIC + SUL or TAZ were able to inhibit at least 90% of tested strains. No resistance could be detected with PIP + TAZ combination. As conclusion, the two inhibitors when combined with PIP or TIC offered greater activity against both Gram positive or negative anaerobes and PIP + TAZ remained the more potent combination.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

[Clostridium difficile: a typing method for epidemiological studies].

One hundred and twenty two strains of Clostridium difficile were studied: 33 strains were isolated from stools of neonates or children, 89 cases of antibiotic associated diarrhea. The strains were identified by biochemical tests and gaz liquid chromatography of the fermentation products. A typing scheme for Clostridium difficile were proposed by using a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole cell proteins. We studied the correlation between this typing and the serogrouping scheme based on slide agglutination with a rabbit antisera and previously described by Delmée. The serogrouping defines 10 groups, PAGE allows the differentiation of 12 profiles, with a good correlation between the two methods for some serogroups except for the heterogenous serogroup A.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1990

[Azithromycin versus josamycin: treatment of 89 cases of acute pneumonia].

In an open, multicenter randomized clinical trial on patients with acute pneumonia, 5-day therapy using a new oral macrolide antibiotic, azithromycin (Az), was compared with standard 10-day therapy using another macrolide, josamycin (J). Eighty-nine patients were treated (46 Az, 43 J); both groups were comparable, except in terms of the sex ratios. The causative agent was determined in 31 cases; streptococcal pneumonia was the most common diagnosis (48%). Cure rates were 93% for J and 80% for Az (p greater than 0.30), as judged by a fall in body temperature and an improvement in clinical condition and in radiographic findings. Among 6 failures, there were 4 cases of empyema (1 J, 3 Az). Of 6 deaths, 2 were pneumonia-dependent (1 J and 1 Az, Haemophilus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, respectively). We conclude that 5-day Az is as effective as 10-day J and that such short-course therapy is an advantage in the treatment of pneumonia caused by macrolide susceptible pathogens.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Comparative antibacterial activity of cefpodoxime, cefuroxime and cefaclor against strict anaerobic bacteria].

The in vitro activity of a new cephalosporin (CPX) was assessed against 260 strains of anaerobic bacteria. A comparison was done with two other oral cephalosporins cefaclor (CFA) and cefuroxime (CXM). MICs were determined by an agar-dilution method on wilkins chalgren agar. The three antibiotics had little activity against Bacteroïdes fragilis group. Cefpodoxime was more active than the two other cephalosporins against Fusobacterium and Bacteroïdes spp. At 4 mg/l concentration the percentages of susceptibility were respectively CFA 8% CXM 11% for all the Gram negative bacilli. Inversely, a better activity was detected against Gram positive anaerobes; the three cephalosporins inhibiting respectively CFA 65% CXM 75% CFX 46% of 94 tested strains. All Veillonella spp. and Propionibacteria were inhibited by cefpodoxime 4 mg/l. The activity of the three cephalosporins were similar weak against Gram negative anaerobes but greater against Gram positive strict anaerobes.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

[Detection of beta-lactamases in the Bacteroides fragilis group].

One hundred and thirty three strains of Bacteroides fragilis group isolated from clinical specimen were tested for beta-lactamase activity against five beta-lactam antibiotics, ampicillin, cefaloridin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime and cefoxitin. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration of antibiotics was determined using the agar dilution method. Beta-lactamase production was detected by a microbiological method in 128 of the 133 (96%) strains. The detected beta-lactamases had a broad-spectrum activity, hydrolyzing both penicillins and cephalosporins (101 strains). Some strains had a wide activity against beta-lactam antibiotics, including cefoxitin (7 strains); among these strains, 3 were found hydrolyzing imipenem.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1988

Urease-positive thermophilic Campylobacter (Campylobacter laridis variant) isolated from an appendix and from human feces.

Urease-positive thermophilic campylobacters were isolated for the first time from the feces of two adults with diarrheal disease and from the appendix of a child with appendicitis. They were identified as Campylobacter laridis by a hybridization dot blot assay. Urease testing should be included in the tests used for the identification of campylobacters at the species level, even for those strains which are not of gastric origin.

Appendix↗
PubMed1988

[In vitro activity of a combination of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid on anaerobic bacteria].

One hundred and one anaerobes isolated from clinical specimen were examined for their susceptibility to amoxicillin, alone or in combination with clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, cefotetan, cefotaxime, piperacillin and metronidazole. Tested strains were as follow: 90 Bacteroides fragilis group, 16 Bacteroides bivius and 5 Clostridium difficile. For 54 strains combination amoxicillin-sulbactam were also studied. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by agar dilution method on Wilkins-Chalgren agar. All the strains were susceptible to the combination amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. The mode MIC was 0.5 microgram/ml and 16 micrograms/ml for amoxicillin alone.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1988

[In vitro activity of beta-lactams, clindamycin and metronidazole on Clostridium difficile].

In one year and a half period 47 Clostridium difficile were isolated from stool samples. Isolates with questionable morphologic features were identified using sugars fermentation, gaz liquid chromatography (GLC). Cytotoxin assay was performed on Mac Coy cells. The comparative susceptibilities to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC), cefotetan (CTT), cefoxitin (FOX), cefotaxime (CTX), latamoxef (MOX), mezlocillin (MEZ), piperacillin (PIP), clindamycin (CLIN) and metronidazole was tested using minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) determination on Wilkins-Chalgren blood agar. CLIN, FOX, CTX, MOX were inactive, CTT is moderately inactive. All strains were susceptible to AMX, MEZ, PIP and metronidazole.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1987

[Frequency of isolation and antibiotic sensitivity of Bacteroides related to Bacteroides bivius and Bacteroides oralis].

274 strains of the Bacteroides oralis-bivius group are studied: 112 are identified to Bacteroides bivius or B. disiens, 73 to Bacteroides oralis and 49 to Bacteroides oris or Bacteroides buccae. These strains are isolated from clinical sample: gynecologic suppurations or respiratory tract infections. The susceptibility of 63 strains to 7 antibiotics were determined. Tested antibiotics were: cefalotin, cefoxitine, cefotaxime, mezlocillin, clindamycin, metronidazole and colistine. Cefalotine has a poor activity against these strains.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1986

[Activity of cefotetan against anaerobic bacteria].

We determined the susceptibility to antibiotics of 64 strains of obligate anaerobes. Tested bacterial strains were as follows: 28 Bacteroides fragilis, 22 Fusobacterium nucleatum, 10 Clostridium perfringens, and 4 Bacteroides bivius. Tested antibiotics were cefotetan, cefoxitin and piperacillin. Cefotaxime was tested against 20 Bacteroides fragilis strains. Bacteroides fragilis, which is the most resistant species, was susceptible to cefotetan, cefoxitin and piperacillin, with comparable MICs for these three drugs (0.5 to 16 micrograms/ml); cefotaxime was less effective (MICs = 0.5 to 128 micrograms/ml). Fusobacterium nucleatum and Clostridium perfringens were highly susceptible to cefotetan, cefoxitin and piperacillin.

Bacteroides↗
PubMed1986

[Sensitivity of anaerobes to 8 antibiotics].

We studied the susceptibility of 282 obligate anaerobes to 8 antibiotics. The strains were isolated from clinical specimens taken during 1983 and 1984. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using a microplate method for 245 strains and agar dilution for 33 Bacteroides asaccharolyticus strains. Tested strains were as follows: 85 Bacteroides fragilis, 71 Clostridium, 19 Fusobacterium nucleatum, 35 Peptostreptococcus, 39 Bacteroides oralis and Bacteroides bivius and 33 Bacteroides asaccharolyticus. Tested antibiotics were: metronidazole, clindamycin, minocycline, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, moxalactam, keflin and carbenicillin. For Bacteroides fragilis, the three most active antibiotics were metronidazole (inhibition of all strains with 8 micrograms/ml), minocycline and clindamycin (inhibition of 95% of strains by MICs less than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml). However, four strains were resistant to clindamycin (MICs greater than 8 micrograms/ml). The other anaerobic strains tested were susceptible. However, a few Bacteroides bivius strains were resistant to keflin (MIC greater than or equal to 64 micrograms/ml for 5% of strains).

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

[Isolation and identification of Gardnerella vaginalis].

Thirty-four strains of Gardnerella vaginalis were studied. They were isolated from non specific vaginitis. A presumptive identification can be based on colonial morphology, Gram stain characteristics, negative catalase and oxidase test. The differentiation of Gardnerella vaginalis from other negative catalase coccobacilli is based on the acid formation of carbohydrates, enzymatic test, analysis of short chain volatile and non volatile end products of fermentation in GLC. All Gardnerella strains produce acid from glucose, maltose, starch and are hippurate and alpha glucosidase positive. They are sulfonamide resistant, acetic, lactic and succinic acids are detected by gas liquid chromatography.

Actinomyces↗