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Biomedical subjects

A Sclafani

Publications and source records attributed to A Sclafani.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Hypothalamic hyperphagia and obesity in rats with jejunoileal bypass.

Jejunoileal bypass or sham surgery was performed in adult female rats followed 35 days later by ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) knife cut or sham surgery (forming groups Bypass-VMH, Bypass-Sham, Sham-VMH, and Sham-Sham). Bypassed rats receiving VMH cuts (Bypass-VMH group) ate more food and gained more weight than did either Bypass-Sham or Sham-Sham groups. The hyperphagia and obesity of the Bypass-VMH rats was, however, substantially less than that of the sham bypass VMH cut rats (Sham-VMH group). Bypass-VMH rats that had their intestinal tract reconnected increased their food intake and ultimately became as obese as the Sham-VMH rats. Two additional groups received VMH knife cut or sham surgery followed 50 days later by jejunoileal bypass surgery (VMH-Bypass and Sham-Bypass groups). At the time of the bypass the VMH-Bypass group was hyperphagic and obese, but after surgery they underate and lost weight until they eventually stabilized their body weight at a level below that of the Sham-Bypass group. The body weight of the VMH-Bypass group was also 167 g less than that of the Bypass-VMH group. Thus, the order of surgery significantly influences the food intake and body weight level of rats with VMH knife cuts and jejunoileal bypass.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effects of intestinal bypass surgery on appetite, food intake, and body weight in obese and lean rats.

Jejunoileal bypass surgery or sham surgery was performed in female rats made obese with ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) knife cuts, and in lean control rats. After bypass surgery, the VMH rats underate and lost weight until they reached the body weight of the control sham rats, and they then maintained their weight at control levels. Bypass surgery in lean rats produced much smaller reductions in food intake and body weight. Both bypass groups initially consumed less of a sucrose solution and milk diet during 1 h/day tests, but their intakes returned to near normal levels during the second postoperative month. Reconnection of the intestinal tract in the VMH-bypass rats led to renewed hyperphagia and return to obese body weights. A second experiment revealed that bypass surgery reduces food intake and body weight in genetically obese (fatty) rats, but this effect is not as pronounced as that displayed by VMH rats. These results confirm recent clinical observations that reduced appetite and caloric intake are the major causes of the weight loss produced by intestinal bypass surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Comparison of ovarian and hypothalamic obesity syndromes in the female rat: effects of diet palatability on food intake and body weight.

Both ovariectomy and hypothalamic knife cuts produced hyperphagia and obesity in adult female rats. The ovarian obesity, however, unlike hypothalamic obesity, was virtually independent of diet palatability. Ovariectomized rats became obese on quinine-adulterated diets, which completely blocked hypothalamic obesity, and they displayed little further weight gain when given a high-fat diet, which greatly potentiated hypothalamic obesity. Ovarian and hypothalamic obesity were also found to be additive irrespective of diet condition when both surgical treatments were combined in the same animal; that is, ovariectomy increased the food intake and body weight of knife-cut animals given the quinine or high-fat diet. In contrast to their dissimilar feeding effects, ovariectomy, hypothalamic cuts, and the combined surgeries, did not differentially alter the aversion to a .01% quinine solution. The results indicate that ovarian obesity and hypothalamic obesity represent two different feeding disorders and are mediated by separate neural mechanisms. The functional nature of these disorders is discussed in light of recent body weight set point interpretations.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Hyperphagia and obesity produced by parasagittal and coronal hypothalamic knife cuts: further evidence for a longitudinal feeding inhibitory pathway.

Hyperphagia and obesity are produced both by parasagittal knife cuts through the medial hypothalamus and by coronal knife cuts through the posterior hypothalamus. The results of this study indicate that the two types of cuts produce their overeating effect by severing the same neural pathway. Experiment 1 demonstrated that unilateral parasagittal knife cuts combined with contralateral coronal cuts in either the posterior hypothalamus or the midbrain significantly increase food intake and body weight. Experiment 2 revealed that bilateral parasagittal cuts and bilateral coronal cuts in the hypothalamus produce qualitatively similar effects on food intake, diurnal ingestive pattern, finickiness, and amphetamine anorexia. The two types of cuts differentially altered water intake, however. In Experiment 3, coronal cuts in the posterior hypothalamus, like parasagittal cuts in the medial hypothalamus, were found to increase the food intake and body weight of rats previously given bilateral parasagittal transections through the lateral perifornical region. The neuroanatomy and neurochemistry of the longitudinal feeding inhibitory pathway suggested by these results are discussed.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1975

Inexpensive stereotaxic sighting microscope.

An inexpensive low-power microscope is described for use in stereotaxic surgery. The microscope aids in the measurement of skull landmarks and improves the accuracy of stereotaxic surgery.

Animals↗