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Biomedical subjects

A Schindler

Publications and source records attributed to A Schindler.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Water vapour in a closed anaesthesia circuit reduces degradation/adsorption of halothane by dried soda lime.

Dry lime causes a loss of volatile anaesthetics by degrading and adsorbing them. Degradation produces toxic substances and heat. Rehydration of lime stops degradation. If humidified breathing gases rehydrate lime, closed anaesthesia-circuits may reduce the loss of anaesthetics. To test this hypothesis we ventilated a reservoir bag with PhysioFlex-devices using fresh (F) and dried (D) soda lime both in the presence (+H) and absence (-H) of halothane. We measured halothane delivery, humidity, temperature, and lime weight. Halothane was lost for 13 min in D + H. Humidity increased steeper with fresh lime, whereas absorbent weight increased more with dried lime; halothane increased both variables (F + H: 99%, 8 g; F - H: 93%, 6 g; D + H: 58%, 17 g; D - H: 24%, 15 g). Surprisingly, temperature remained constant, probably because of the high gas flow (70 litres min-1) generated inside the Physioflex. These findings indicate rehydration of dried lime by humid gases and a rapid cessation of the loss of halothane in the PhysioFlex.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1999

[Iodine therapy for iodine deficiency goiter and autoimmune thyroiditis. A prospective study].

PROBLEM: There is epidemiological and clinical evidence that iodine may induce or promote the manifestation of autoimmune thyroiditis. For this reason it is important to know if substitution of alimentary iodine deficiency or iodine treatment of endemic goitre can cause formation of thyroid antibodies. On the other hand the practical importance of this phenomenon should be evaluated. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During a prospective study we examined 209 patients with endemic non-toxic goitre and 53 healthy people. For treatment were used 200 micrograms iodine/d (n = 119), 500 micrograms iodine/d (n = 27), 1.5 mg iodine/week (n = 41), 150 micrograms iodine/d plus 75 to 100 micrograms T4/d (n = 26), 100 micrograms iodine plus 100 micrograms T4/d (n = 24). The observation took 1 year with a 3-month interval for check ups including clinical examination, ultrasound, TSH, T3, fT4, TPO- and thyreoglobuline antibodies and urinary iodine. RESULTS: After 12 months 7.5% of iodine treated persons had produced antibodies, most of them at low levels. In healthy people we found increased antibody-levels in 3.8%, in patients with goitre in 9.0%, in patients with nodular goitres in 11.1%. 500 micrograms iodine caused the most antibody reaction in 14.8%. People treated with 200 micrograms iodine/d showed positive antibody levels in 5%. T4 seems to reduce antibody-reactions. Pathological antibody-levels were not found in patients with combined iodine/T4- and single-T4 therapy. Among the 22 primary pathological antibody levels only 4 increased further (18.2%). Three of them belonged to the group of 5 persons treated with 500 micrograms iodine/d. Primary high antibody values were normalized in 5 patients (22.7%). Hypothyroid disturbances were not found. Ultrasound did not show any alterations, and the reduction of thyroid volumes in antibody-positive patients was not affected. Median urinary iodine excretion during the observation-interval was 5.2 to 7.2 micrograms/dl. CONCLUSIONS: Possible antibody reactions have no clinical importance at all. Individual cases must be observed. Low iodine doses should be preferred. Combined iodine/T4 treatment seems to have an advantage regarding immunological thyroidal reactions.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Renal iodine excretion by students in East Germany. A prospective study 1989 to 1996].

AIM: A prospective longitudinal study was performed from 1989 to 1996 in order to check the effectiveness of prophylactic measures in Germany. TEST PERSONS AND METHODS: In 3 periods the urinary iodine excretion was examined in 1849 adolescents from 2 regions (north, south) of former Eastern Germany. RESULTS: The consumption of iodized salt has increased substantially since 1994. This coincides with an increase in urinary iodine excretion. The median iodine excretion found in 1989/92 (n = 744) was 39.0 micrograms/g creatinine (4.7 micrograms/dl), in 1994 (n = 123) 60.1 micrograms/g creatinine (6.0 micrograms/dl), and in 1995/96 (n = 982) 101.1 micrograms/g creatinine (9.8 micrograms/dl). However, the concentration was < 5.0 micrograms in 27.8% and < 10.0 micrograms iodine/dl in 58.0%. Regional differences were not found. CONCLUSION: The iodine supply has been improved. However, the declared targets have not yet been met. The findings show that effective goitre prophylaxis can still be achieved while maintaining the voluntary principle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Heparin-induced coagulation disturbance from mechanical autotransfusion].

UNLABELLED: Disorders in blood coagulation during the use of autotransfusion have been reported in recent literature. We wondered whether or not heparine, remaining in the prepared sample of retransfusion blood might be responsible for these disturbances. METHODS: Therefore we created a setting in which heparine was added to animal blood in order to imitate clinical situations during the use of the CELL SAVER. RESULTS: According to our results the blood shows no irregular heparine load as long as the machine is used following the operating instructions. But if the volume of rinsing liquid is decreased or the pumpflow is increased, the heparine load is increased enormously (Table 1). CONCLUSIONS: If the CELL SAVER is used with reduced volume of rinsing liquid or higher velocity of the pump, the coagulation status of the patient has to be monitored meticously.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Nutritional iodine supply in Germany. Results of preventive measures].

Germany is an iodine deficiency area with endemic goitre. The prophylactic procedures which have been initiated gradually since 1983, were different between the eastern and western part of Germany. In East Germany iodine supply could be improved by "mandatory prophylaxis" until 1989. However, after the reunification of Germany and the adaption of the "voluntary principle", the iodine intake decreased again. In December 1993, new regulations concerning iodized salt became effective (so called "2nd decree") combined with a relaxation of the declaration of duty. This relaxation considerably contributed to the significant increase in iodized salt utilisation in food production. The rise of iodine content of food and breast milk, the higher iodine intake with food, the decrease of fetal thyroid volume and the increase in renal iodine excretion are clear indicators of a better iodine supply. However, the desired target figures have not been obtained yet.

Germany↗
PubMed1995

[Reconstruction of the diaphragm with various materials. An animal experiment study].

The relative merits of three methods of diaphragmatic hernia repair were evaluated in animals. Eighty Sprague-Dawley rats underwent laparotomy. The control group had an incision in the diaphragm with primary repair. The other three groups underwent partial resection of the left hemidiaphragm. The defects were repaired in 20 rats with lyophilized Dura, in 20 with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and in another 20 with absorbable serosa from a cow. Seventy-two animals survived the operation; they were followed up by electromyography (EMG) and post-mortem physical and histological examinations after 3 and 6 months. The EMG showed normal function for the absorbable material. Only scanty physiological waves were registered in the PTFE group. The examination for stretching and stress showed good results for all materials tested. The histological examinations amount to strong foreign body reactions with Dura and PTFE groups. The absorbable bovine serosa had vanished after 3 months postoperatively. It is concluded that bovine serosa can be recommended for diaphragmatic hernia.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Unilateral persistence of the dorsal ophthalmic artery in man.

The left ophthalmic artery (OA) of a Caucasian male originated from the transverse portion of the cavernous part of the internal carotid artery (ICA), indicating the persistence of a dorsal OA. It entered the orbit through the most medial part of the superior orbital fissure, close to the medial aspect of the ophthalmic nerve. In the orbital cavity, the OA crossed above the optic nerve to reach the medial wall of the orbit. At the medial end of the upper eyelid it anastomosed with the angular artery and thereafter divided into the dorsal nasal and supratrochlear arteries. Whereas the right OA did not present any irregularities, some additional anatomical variations, above all a bilateral pterygospinosus muscle, were found in this individual. Since except the existence neither the course and branching pattern of a persistent dorsal OA nor its occurrence together with other varieties have been previously reported in man, phylogenetic and ontogenetic aspects of this aberrant vessel are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Expanding mass in the gluteal area of a 7-year-old child.

The following case is presented to illustrate the roentgenographic and clinical findings of a condition of interest to the orthopaedic surgeon. Initial history, physical findings, and roentgenographic examinations are found on the first two pages. The final clinical and differential diagnoses are presented on the following page.

Buttocks↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of a 1-year levonorgestrel-releasing contraceptive implant: side effects, release rates, and biodegradability.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the release rates, effects on ovulation, and side effects of two lengths of a biodegradable, subdermal contraceptive implant containing levonorgestrel in a caprolactone capsule. DESIGN: Phase II randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Public family planning clinic at an urban general hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-eight healthy, parous, ovulating volunteers. INTERVENTION: Subjects were randomly assigned either a 2.5- or a 4.0-cm contraceptive capsule that was worn under the skin of the upper arm for 1 year if not removed earlier for other reasons. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum concentrations of levonorgestrel, progesterone, estradiol, and lipoproteins were measured as were metabolic parameters. Vaginal bleeding and other side effects were recorded. After implant removal, remaining levonorgestrel, capsule viscosity, and molecular weight were measured. RESULTS: The 4-cm implant provided serum concentrations of levonorgestrel ranging from 0.65 ng/mL shortly after insertion to 0.20 ng/mL at 12 months, but the 2.5-cm implant resulted in levels too low for contraception. The 4-cm implant suppressed ovulation in approximately 80% of cycles over 1 year of use, but the 2.5-cm implant failed to suppress ovulation. The implants were rapidly and easily inserted and removed. They retained structural integrity through 1 year of use. Of 48 subjects, 32 had abnormal bleeding patterns; the mean number of days of bleeding per month was 7 with 23 days between episodes. Women using capronor maintained normal metabolic parameters except that low-density lipoprotein decreased slightly. CONCLUSIONS: The 4.0-cm implant is a promising contraceptive. There were no important metabolic effects, but there were bothersome minor side effects typical of progestin-only contraception.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1992

The snapping biceps femoris syndrome.

Snapping of tendons is a well-described entity in the literature, occurring mostly in athletes around the hip, ankle, shoulder, and elbow, but rarely the knee. A case of snapping of the biceps femoris tendon (BFT) in a patient with a painful knee and no history of trauma is described. An abnormal anterior insertion of the BFT was found to be the cause of the pain and snapping. Surgical treatment, reinsertion of the tendon in its anatomic position, completely corrected the abnormality, whereas conservative treatment failed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Factors influencing elbow arthrolysis.

Over the period 1982 to 1988, 31 consecutive patients at the Hand Surgery Unit of the Sheba Medical Centre were subjected to elbow joint arthrolysis to treat restriction of range of motion solely due to trauma. This retrospective study aims to evaluate the relative influence of the followings factors on functional outcome: sex, age, type of original injury and initial management, presence of para-articular ossification, delay between injury and arthrolysis, and the use of manipulation and a continuous passive motion device (CPM) following surgery. The range of motion was recorded prior to arthrolysis and after operation (excluding one patient who subsequently underwent arthrodesis for intractable pain). Follow-up averaged 15.3 months (+/- 5.4). In the 24 patients with extension deficit (greater than 20 degrees), the mean improvement was of 26.9 degrees (greater than 23.1 degrees); in the 21 patients with flexion deficit the mean improvement was of 21.2 degrees (greater than 18 degrees). The mean improvement for total range of motion in the series overall was of 35.2 degrees (+/- 23.8 degrees). 90% showed an improvement of at least 10 degrees and 30% attained normal ROM. All of these improvements in range were statistically highly significant (p less than 0.0001). None of the variables had predictive value with regard to improvement of flexion. With regard to improvement in extension, the only variable of value was the use of a continuous passive motion device following surgery; those patients subjected to CPM showed a mean improvement of 32.6 degrees (+/- 19.0 degrees), while those without averaged 12.8 degrees (+/- 27.5 degrees) (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Differentiation of Trypanosoma brucei bloodstream trypomastigotes from long slender to short stumpy-like forms in axenic culture.

An axenic cultivation system was used to study the differentiation of Trypanosoma brucei bloodstream forms from long slender to short stumpy-like forms. Trypanosomes in the logarithmic phase are similar to long slender bloodstream forms freshly isolated from infected mice, differing only in the rate of oxygen uptake. In contrast, trypanosomes in the stationary phase show a decreased level of glucose oxidation, express pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (proline oxidase), are inhibited in oxygen uptake to about 44% by KCN, undergo considerable morphological changes on the cellular and subcellular level, and have a significantly smaller cell volume. These results are comparable to those observed during the differentiation of long slender to short stumpy forms in infected animals, suggesting that the differentiation process towards insect procyclic forms can be initiated in culture at 37 degrees C. As judged from immunofluorescence and electron microscopy analysis, the surface coat remains intact.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Self-other differences in children's perceptions about the causes of important events.

Three studies examined differences between children's (ages 8-15) beliefs about the effectiveness of multiple internal and external causes for producing outcomes in their own lives versus in those of their peers. Differences specific to the school domain were found: Starting at age 11 or 12, children perceived internal causes as more important for others than for themselves; and only beliefs about the self related to perceived control. More strikingly, a sample of gifted children, who presumably receive social feedback that they are different from their peers, reported that (a) they exerted more control and possessed more ability than their peers and (b) other children knew less about the causes of school performance and had to rely more on effort and powerful others; only beliefs about the self correlated to cognitive performance. These results suggest that self-other differences are produced by both developmental change and environmental opportunities.

Achievement↗