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Biomedical subjects

A Schattner

Publications and source records attributed to A Schattner.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Fatty liver--an additional and treatable feature of the insulin resistance syndrome.

To test the hypothesis that fatty liver coexists with other metabolic abnormalities of the insulin resistance syndrome, and responds to their amelioration, we prospectively studied 48 consecutive patients with chronically elevated liver enzymes and clinical, ultrasound and histological findings consistent with fatty infiltration of the liver. Most of the patients were overweight or obese (64%) with increased waist circumference which closely relates to visceral fat. Only 10% of the patients had normal glucose tolerance: 44% had diabetes mellitus, 29% impaired glucose tolerance, and 17% were hyperinsulinaemic. The most common dyslipidaemia found was hypertriglyceridaemia and/or low HDL-C (86%). Dietary intervention and follow-up (median 24 months), supplemented by oral hypoglycaemic or lipid-lowering drugs as needed, resulted not only in weight loss (mean 3.7 kg), decreased fasting blood glucose (p < 0.005) and improvement in serum lipid profile (p < 0.02 for both triglycerides or HDL-C) but also in an improvement of serum liver enzymes in 96%, which became normal in more than half of the patients. Thus, fatty liver was strongly associated with many features of the insulin resistance syndrome, and follow-up revealed a high potential for reversibility and a benign course.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1999

Nitrofurantoin-induced immune-mediated lung and liver disease.

A 60-year-old woman with multiple sclerosis and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) was evaluated for the recent onset of a dry cough, dyspnea on exertion, and jaundice. Investigation demonstrated interstitial lung disease with bilateral infiltrates and unilateral effusion, as well as a severe chronic active hepatitis with marked fibrosis. Other notable features were positive antinuclear antibodies and anti-smooth-muscle antibodies and the absence of any possible cause except for nitrofurantoin treatment (Macrodantin, 100 mg/day), which the patient had been taking for the previous 3 years as a prophylactic measure against UTI. The patient died of pneumococcal septicemia less than 30 days after presentation. Pulmonary or hepatic injury caused by nitrofurantoin treatment is rare; their combined occurrence is hardly ever described. Combined drug-induced pulmonary and hepatic toxicity is reviewed and should be considered early in the differential diagnosis to allow reversibility and avoid serious outcomes.

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary↗
PubMed1999

Ominous sneezing.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

Recurrent group B streptococcal arthritis.

Bacterial arthritis caused by group B beta-hemolytic streptococci (GBS) is uncommonly encountered. We report a woman who had three documented isolated recurrences of GBS arthritis (right hip, right knee x 2) over a period of three years which were successfully treated. One year before the first episode, the patient was found to have squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix stage IIIB and underwent extensive combined oncological treatment. The extensive chemoradiotherapy and anatomical changes resulting from cancer of the cervix are believed to have contributed to the occurrence and recurrence of invasive group B streptococcal infection in this patient which is the first one reported with recurrent GBS arthritis.

Arthritis, Infectious↗
PubMed1998

Bacterial arthritis due to beta-hemolytic streptococci of serogroups A, B, C, F, and G. Analysis of 23 cases and a review of the literature.

The clinical features, essential laboratory findings, management, and outcome of all 23 cases of septic arthritis caused by different serogroups of beta-hemolytic streptococcus (BHS) seen at the Stanford Medical Center, Stanford, CA, from July 1, 1985, through October 31, 1996, were reviewed and compared to those found in the literature. Group A streptococci (GAS) accounted for 9 (40%) of our cases; group B (GBS), for 7 (30%); and Group G (GGS), for 7 (30%). No cases were caused by Group C (GCS) or F (GFS) during this period. During the same period, GAS accounted for 66 (33%) of 200 cases of bacteremia due to BHS, GBS, for 98 (49%); GCS, for 12 (6%); GFS, for 4 (2%); and GGS, for 20 (10%). A review of potential risk factors revealed that, with the exception of GGS, male and female patients were almost equally distributed among each of the serogroups. Patients aged 50 years and older comprised 56%-77% of each group. Associated conditions and risk factors were present among most patients (19/23, 83%); autoimmune diseases and a chronic skin wound or trauma were notably present among patients with GAS, while diabetes mellitus and malignancy were more common among patients with GBS. Infected prosthetic implants were present in 7 patients, including 4/7 patients with GGS. All patients had positive cultures of synovial fluid, and 11/23 (49%) had positive blood cultures (GAS, 5/9; GBS, 6/7; and GGS, 0/7). The clinical presentation and hospital course of patients infected with the different serogroups varied. Patients infected with GAS had the most severe disease and those with GGS the least severe. Necrotizing fascitis, shock, DIC, and admission to the intensive care unit were found only among patients infected with GAS. Despite aggressive management with antimicrobial therapy and surgery, 4/23 patients died (3 patients with GAS; 1 with GBS). The isolates from our patients were not available for study; investigations by others of the biology of BHS suggest that the production of 1 or more of the streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins by isolates of GAS may account for the differences in the severity of disease among our patients with septic arthritis caused by different serogroups of BHS. Although septic arthritis due to BHS is uncommon, such patients provide a valuable model to study features of the host-parasite interaction that may contribute to the observed differences in severity of disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Primary intestinal T-cell lymphoma and sclerosing cholangitis: a cytokine-mediated association?

A 63-year-old woman with a 1-year history of abdominal pain and intrahepatic cholestasis developed anorexia, weight loss, lassitude and diarrhoea. Studies led to a diagnosis of primary intestinal T-cell lymphoma involving especially the proximal small intestine and infiltrating the mesenteric lymph nodes, bone marrow and skin. An associated severe hypoalbuminaemia (1.3 g dL-1) was most probably the result of protein-losing enteropathy. Liver biopsy demonstrated concentric fibrosis of the bile ducts ('onion skin' lesions, with an inflammatory cell infiltrate and lymphoid aggregates) and was considered almost pathognomonic of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Sudden death due to pulmonary embolism occurred and a limited autopsy confirmed the diagnosis. Other associated diseases such as coeliac disease or inflammatory bowel disease were not found. This first report of the simultaneous occurrence of two rare diseases - primary sclerosing cholangitis and intestinal T-cell lymphoma - may indicate an intriguing association, possibly mediated by the effect of cytokines released by the infiltrating T-cells into the portal circulation.

Cholangitis, Sclerosing↗
PubMed1997

Idiopathic calcitriol-induced hypercalcemia. A new disease entity?

We describe 3 patients with a prolonged history of hypercalcemia. The patients did not take any vitamin supplements. All patients had low parathyroid hormone (PTH), high calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D3), and high angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) blood levels. There was no evidence of sarcoidosis of any other underlying disease in the results of an extensive workup. Treatment with prednisone resulted in normalization of calcium levels in all patients. They remained dependent on low-dose prednisone on a subsequent prolonged follow-up.

Calcitriol↗
PubMed1997

Causes and outcome of deep-vein thrombosis in otherwise-healthy patients under 50 years.

We examined thrombophilic mechanisms and outcome in 54 patients with deep-vein thrombosis (DVT), who were otherwise apparently healthy and aged < or = 50 years. Patients were followed up 6 years (median) after a confirmed first DVT between 1987-1992 with no known predisposing illnesses. Patients were traced through the hospital registry and compared with 25 matched controls. Tested thrombophilic mechanisms were either genetic (activated protein C [APC] resistance; anti-thrombin III deficiency [ATIII]; protein C or protein S deficiency [PC, PS]) or acquired (lupus anti-coagulant [LAC]/anti-cardiolipin antibodies [ACA]; subsequent diagnosis of cancer). Twenty-nine DVT patients attended for full studies. The remaining 25 were interviewed by phone and none had a reported neoplastic disease, confirmed by their hospital records and the National Cancer Registry. These patients' demographics, risk factors and subsequent course were similar in all respects to the studied group. In the control group, APC resistance was the only coagulopathy found (1/25, 4%), and it was also the most common abnormality among DVT patients (8/29, 28%) (p = 0.009). Three DVT patients had LAC/ACA (10%) and one each, ATIII, PC and PS deficiencies (3.3% each). No malignancy was encountered during a follow-up of 7.9 +/- 5.7 years. Circumstantial risk factors were found in 52% of the patients, 21% had a family history of DVT, and 41% had recurrent DVT. These characteristics were not significantly different when DVT patients with and without coagulopathy were compared.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Cholelithiasis and pancreatic cancer. A case-control study.

To study the possible association between pancreatic cancer and cholelithiasis, we conducted a retrospective case-control study. Abdominal ultrasound of 100 consecutive cases of pancreatic cancer and that of 140 age- and gender-matched control subjects were examined by 2 observers who did not know the diagnosis. Thirty-seven patients with pancreatic cancer had cholelithiasis (37%), as compared with 23 (16%) of the control group (p < 0.001). The increased prevalence of gallstones in patients with pancreatic carcinoma remained significant when either male or female patients were compared (p < 0.02), as well as in the various age groups studied. For example, 30 (43.5%) of 69 patients 65 years of age and older had cholelithiasis versus 21 (22%) of 95 control subjects (p < 0.005). Thus, patients with pancreatic cancer were found to have a higher prevalence of gallstone disease than expected in a matched control population (relative risk, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-4.3). This finding does not establish a causal link; however, the possibility should be pursued, more so because gallstones have been identified previously as likely risk factors for cancer in other parts of the biliary-pancreatic tract.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

No evidence for autoimmunity in schizophrenia.

We studied parameters of cellular immunity in 23 schizophrenic patients and compared them to 16 matched healthy controls and to 12 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). None of the patients was receiving neuroleptic drug treatment before the study. We used highly sensitive methods to examine the interferon system by determination of the interferon-induced enzyme 2'-5' oligo-adenylate synthetase [2-5A] in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production was measured in the plasma and in vitro by bioassay of supernatants of stimulated blood cells and of unstimulated cells (spontaneous TNF secretion). In addition, we determined cell-mediated (spontaneous) cytotoxicity, major T cell subsets (CD3, CD4 and CD8 positive cells) and serum neopterin levels. No statistically significant differences could be found between the patients with schizophrenia and the control group in any of the tests used, and no particular subgroup of patients could be identified. In contrast, RA patients had increased serum neopterin and TNF levels, increased LPS-induced TNF production in vitro, increased 2-5A levels and a decrease in CD8 cells associated with an increase in CD4 cells. Thus, in the group of patients studied, we could find no substantiation for the presence of either autoimmune or occult viral cofactors in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.

2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase↗