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Biomedical subjects

A Satoh

Publications and source records attributed to A Satoh.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Role of viral infections in acute exacerbation of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia].

To evaluate the possibility that viral infections can trigger acute exacerbations of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP), we analyzed data from 105 patients with IIP. Acute exacerbation was defined as an increase in dyspnea, a decrease in PaO2 by more than 10 Torr, and worsening of chest radiographic findings within one month. Viral infection was said to be involved when patients had more than a 4-fold change in viral antibody titer or viral inclusion bodies in sputum during the acute exacerbation. Of the 105 patients with IIP, 30 had acute exacerbations. Among these 30 patients, viral infection was said to be involved in 11 (37%). Presumptive viruses were influenza virus (n = 6), parainfluenza virus (n = 1), herpes simplex virus (n = 1), RS virus (n = 1), and cytomegalovirus (n = 2). The levels of serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) before acute exacerbations were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in patients in whom viral infection was said to be involved. These results suggest that viral infection associated with a low value of serum IgA is an important trigger of acute exacerbations of IIP.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Augmentation of immune defense mechanisms of the lung by romurtide].

Muramyl dipeptide (MDP), derived from the major constituent of bacterial cell walls, can augment host defense mechanisms, and romurtide [MDP-Lys (L18)], a synthetic MDP derivative, is thought to be more potent than other MDP derivatives. Therefore, we evaluated whether romurtide can bolster the immune defense mechanisms of the lung. We compared the functions of peripheral blood leukocytes with those of broncho alveolar lavage fluid cells (BALF cell) in DA rats and in patients with lung cancer who were treated with radiation. The results indicate that romurtide can increase the antibacterial activity of BALF cells preferentially and that this adjuvant therapy can help to prevent respiratory infections.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1995

[Factors influencing patterns of airway response after allergen challenge in patients with bronchial asthma].

We examined patterns of airway response of thirty nine asthma patients who had positive responses on allergen inhalation tests. Six types of inhaled allergens were used: house dust mite, animal, pollen, plant, mold, and others. Three patterns of responses were found: isolated immediate asthmatic response (IAR), immediate and late response (Dual), and isolated late asthmatic response (LAR). No relationship was found between the pattern of response and pulmonary function, airway sensitivity, IgE RIST titers, numbers of eosinophils, or concentration of inhaled antigens. Animal antigens tended to cause a dual response, and molds did only rarely. Ten of 39 challenged patients had an isolated LAR, half of which were caused by mold antigen inhalation. RAST scores were lower in isolated LAR than in other responses. Changes in the number and proportion of peripheral leukocytes during the challenge tests were also studied. Total leukocyte count had increased significantly in the isolated LAR group by 24 hours after the inhalation. These results suggest that the pattern of airway response after inhalation depended in part on the type of inhaled antigen, and that non-IgE mediated immune reactions have some role in the isolated LAR.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Systemic sclerosis with various gastrointestinal problems including pneumoperitoneum, pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis and malabsorption syndrome].

We describe here an experience of successful treatment of systemic sclerosis (SSc) complicated with various gastrointestinal (GI) problems including pneumoperitoneum, pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis and malabsorption syndrome. A 35-year-old female had developed selerodactyly since February, 1990. She had been treated under the diagnosis of SSc at other hospital. She had required several hospitalizations because of nausea, vomitting and abdominal distension, but her GI symptoms had gradually deteriorated. In April 1993, she was referred to our hospital and admitted for the treatment of her GI problems. On admission, she had systemic cutaneous sclerosis and marked abdominal distension without peritoneal signs was recognized. Chest and abdominal roentgenograms demonstrated massive free air under the diaphragm, marked dilation of small and large bowels, and multiple intestinal cysts (pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis ; PCI). We treated her GI problems with various modalities combined with medications, oxygen breathing, intravenous hyperalimentation and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Pneumoperitoneum and PCI had disappeared after 8 courses of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and her GI symptoms had been well controled by intravenous hyper alimentation. Thereafter, she has been on intermittent parenteral nutrition through subcutaneous port inplantation. During the courses of this treatment, she developed an episode of Wernicke-Kolsakoff (W-K) syndrome which was considered to associate with malabsorption syndrome. The W-K syndrome had recovered by intravenous administration of vitamin B1.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Expression of bc1-2 protein in collagen vascular diseases with pulmonary interstitial involvement].

Expression of bc1-2 protein was studied immunohistochemically in 25 patients with collagen vascular diseases and in 10 patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. The collagen vascular diseases included rheumatoid arthritis (n = 9), progressive systemic sclerosis (n = 9), polymyositis/dermatomyositis (n = 4), Sjögren's syndrome (n = 2), and systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 1). All 35 patients underwent open lung biopsy; cellular infiltration, fibrosis, and lymphoid aggregation were scored according to Cherniack's classification. T lymphocytes (CD43: DFT-1) and B lymphocytes (CD20:L-26) were also evaluated. Expression of bc1-2 protein was dominant in T lymphocytes infiltrating the alveolar interstitium and in B lymphocytes in the mantle zone of lymphoid follicles. In collagen vascular diseases, the degree of expression of bc1-2 protein in those T lymphocytes was closely related to the alveolar lymphocyte infiltration score. However, these findings were not marked in the patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, and were not related to the underlying disease in the patients with collagen vascular diseases. The expression of bc1-2 protein in T lymphocytes was not related to fibrosis or to lymphoid aggregation. Expression of bc1-2 protein in B lymphocytes did not correlate with pathological scores or with underlying disease. Bc1-2 protein has been recognized as an oncogene that suppresses apoptosis. Marked expression of bc1-2 protein in T lymphocytes from patients with collagen vascular diseases indicates that oversuppression of apoptosis may be related to the pathogenesis of pulmonary interstitial involvement in these conditions. Further clinicopathological studies focusing on apoptosis in collagen vascular diseases and in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia are needed.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1994

Optic nerve injury demonstrated by MRI with STIR sequences.

We studied nine patients with optic nerve injury associated with closed head trauma by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with short inversion time inversion recovery (STIR) sequences on 11 occasions from 4 days to 14 years after the injury: three studies were within 17 days and eight over 4 months to 14 years. MRI revealed abnormal high signal in 10 of the 11 injured nerves. MRI 4 days after the injury showed no abnormality.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Flow cytometric analysis of nuclear DNA content in tongue squamous cell carcinoma: relation to cervical lymph node metastasis.

The relationship between DNA ploidy and the incidence of cervical lymph node metastasis in 36 patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was investigated. The aneuploidy rate of tongue carcinomas was 15/36 (42%), and the mean DNA index (DI) was 1.23, with a range from 0.87 to 3.54. Histologically identified cervical lymph node metastasis was observed in 11 cases, and the incidence of the cervical lymph node metastasis was significantly (P < 0.02) higher in the aneuploid cases (8/15) than in the diploid cases (3/21). Recurrence of the primary lesions was seen in nine cases 0.3-2.5 years after the initial treatment. No obvious difference in the incidence of the recurrence was noted, however, between the diploid (5/21) and the aneuploid (4/15) cases. These results indicate a significant relationship between aneuploidy and incidence of the regional lymph node metastasis, in contrast to the absence of a positive relationship between aneuploidy and recurrence of tongue SCC.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1994

Role of nitric oxide in the pancreatic blood flow response to caerulein.

To clarify the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the pancreas, blood flow in the rat pancreas (pancreatic blood flow: PBF) was investigated by the hydrogen clearance technique using a specific NO synthase inhibitor, N omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA). Continuous infusion of caerulein at doses of 5 and 20 micrograms/kg/h caused a significant increase in PBF in the early phase of caerulein infusion. The caerulein-induced increase in PBF was not affected significantly by atropine sulfate (100 micrograms/kg), nor by phenoxybenzamine (5 mg/kg) plus propranolol (50 micrograms/kg). Administration of L-NNA (0.5, 5, or 30 mg/kg) did not affect the basal PBF, but at 5 mg/kg it inhibited completely the caerulein-induced increase in PBF. The inhibitory action of L-NNA was reversed by a large dose of L-arginine (100 mg/kg bolus, i.v., followed by a continuous infusion at 400 mg/kg/h), but not by its enantiomer D-arginine. These results strongly suggest that NO has a mediator role in the early phase vascular response of the pancreas to superphysiologic doses of caerulein.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1994

[Basic studies on the prevention of cyclosporin A induced nephrotoxicity].

Some studies were evaluated to examine how to prevent cyclosporin A (CsA) induced nephrotoxicity, using Wistar strain rats. First, three doses of CsA (10, 25 and 50 mg/kg) were orally administered and blood CsA levels were measured. In results, they were dose-dependent. Next CsA (25 mg/kg) and diltiazem (DIL), (1, 2, 10, 30 and 50 mg/kg), theophylline (TH), (10, 20 and 30 mg/kg) or ethylephrine (ET), (0.5 mg/kg) were administered and then blood CsA levels were measured. DIL (1 and 2 mg/kg) and TH (20 and 30 mg/kg) raised blood CsA levels, but ET failed to do. Second, CsA (10 and 25 mg/kg) was administered for 6 weeks and biochemical examination of the blood and urine and histopathology of the kidney were examined regularly. The ratio of Na and K (Na/K) in the urine was significantly decreased as compared with the control group and its decrease paralleled to the histopathological changes of the renal tubulus. Next, using urine Na/K as the indicator, the influence of DIL (2 mg/kg), TH (20 mg/kg) and ET (0.5 mg/kg) were examined. DIL and TH significantly raised the blood CsA levels, but ET had no effect on them, while DIL but TH and ET showed a tendency to prevent the decrease in urine Na/K. Finally, immunosuppressive effects of CsA and DIL were examined to make sure whether DIL could enhance the effects of CsA, using human lymphocytes in vitro. Proliferation assay showed both CsA and DIL were able to inhibit the proliferation of lymphocytes. 51Cr-release assay showed they inhibited the cytotoxic activity. DIL significantly enhanced this inhibition of CsA. These results suggested that CsA dosage could be reduced and the renal tubular damages could be lowered when DIL was used. It also seemed that DIL was able to enhance the immunosuppressive effect of CsA, therefore CsA dosage could be reduced when DIL was coadministered.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

FR901451, a novel inhibitor of human leukocyte elastase from Flexibacter sp. I. Producing organism, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical and biological properties.

A novel human leukocyte elastase (HLE) inhibitor, FR901451 was discovered in the fermentation broth of a bacteria. The bacteria was identified as Flexibacter sp. No. 758. FR901451 has a molecular weight of 1269 and a molecular formula of C60H79N13O18. The mode of inhibition against HLE is competitive, with a Ki value of 9.8 x 10(-9) M.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Regulation of xanthine dehydrogenase in rat liver in response to peroxisome proliferators.

Previously we found a depression in the activity of hepatic xanthine dehydrogenase in rats fed clofibrate or di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. The present study further demonstrated that dietary addition of other peroxisome proliferators, including bezafibrate, dehydroepiandrosterone and perfluoro-n-octanoic acid also depressed activity of hepatic xanthine dehydrogenase in rats. Western and Northern blot analyses indicated the depression in hepatic xanthine dehydrogenase protein and mRNA by feeding bezafibrate. These results suggest that administration of a wide variety of peroxisome proliferators depresses the activity of hepatic xanthine dehydrogenase in rats and that the depression in activity of this enzyme by the proliferator might be mediated by decreased mRNA of the enzyme. Further, nuclear run-on analysis revealed no influence of feeding bezafibrate on the transcriptional activity of hepatic xanthine dehydrogenase gene, suggesting increased degradation of the enzyme mRNA by the chemical.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

NADPH-diaphorase activity in neurons of the mammalian pancreas: coexpression with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide.

BACKGROUND: To provide a morphological basis for understanding the role of nitric oxide in the pancreas, the present study was designed to clarify the localization and distribution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) activity, a marker of NO synthase, in the pancreas of several mammalian species, including humans. METHODS: NADPH-d activity was examined in the rat, guinea pig, dog, and human pancreas by histochemistry. In addition, the possibility of coproduction of NO and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was investigated by a combined use of histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In the pancreas, NADPH-d activity was localized in nerve fibers, nerve cell bodies, and the vascular endothelium. Nerve fibers with the enzyme activity were chiefly distributed in the exocrine pancreas and showed species differences in the distribution. Nerve fibers stained for NADPH-d were also observed in the endocrine pancreas, but the enzyme activity was not detected in the islet cells. Part of the nerve fibers and nerve cell bodies coexpressed NADPH-d activity and VIP-immunoreactivity. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that NO may act as a neuronal mediator and an endothelium-derived relaxing factor and may physiologically interact with VIP in the mammalian pancreas.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1993

Compression of the left brachiocephalic vein: cause of high signal intensity of the left sigmoid sinus and internal jugular vein on MR images.

To study the asymmetry in signal intensity of the sigmoid sinuses, internal jugular veins (IJVs), or both sets of structures on magnetic resonance (MR) images, the authors reviewed 226 serial sets of routine MR imaging studies. Cerebral digital subtraction angiography was performed in 20 patients with a markedly higher intensity and/or enhancement on the left; 15 of them also underwent venography. With every sequence, the left sigmoid sinus, IJV, or both were higher in signal intensity significantly more often than the right (range, P = .0001 to .0129). Angiography revealed hemostasis in the left IJV in 16 patients that disappeared during full inspiration in 14. In 13, venography revealed that the left brachiocephalic vein was compressed to occlusion between the aortic arch and the sternum during tidal volume ventilation. The occlusion disappeared at full inspiration, when the distance between the aortic arch and the sternum increased. This hemostasis could be the major cause of the frequent increased signal intensity of the left sigmoid sinus and IJV on MR images.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Use of fluorescent latex microspheres (FLMs) to follow the fate of transplanted myoblasts.

A potential treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is injection of normal myoblasts into dystrophic muscles to induce formation of muscle fibers. To develop this therapy it is important to identify the injected myoblasts and the muscle fibers that they form in the host muscles. Fluorescent latex microspheres (FLMs) were used for this purpose in this study. Normal myoblasts were labeled with FLMs and injected into dystrophin-deficient (mdx) mice. The FLMs clearly indicated the location of injected myoblasts in the host muscle. Muscle fibers containing dystrophin were localized by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase. They were observed in clusters near the myoblasts labeled with FLMs. FLMs were also observed in some of these dystrophin-positive fibers in each cryostat section. These results indicate that: labeling myoblasts with FLMs can be used to trace the injected myoblasts in the muscle and to identify the muscle fibers that they formed; injected myoblasts remain near the injected site and do not migrate very far; most of the dystrophin-positive muscle fibers around the injected myoblasts result from fusion of the injected myoblasts; and the low percentage of dystrophin-positive muscle fibers is likely related to limited diffusion and lack of fusion of many injected myoblasts.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Morphogenesis of compound melanosomes in melanoma cells of a gray horse.

A thoroughbred horse, gelding, gray color, aged 19 years old had cutaneous melanomas from the root to the middle of the tail, and throughout the connective tissues of the whole body. Histologically, the tumors were diagnosed as mature melanotic melanomas characteristically deposited with abundant melanin pigment. Examined with an electron microscope, melanosomes were electron opaque without internal structure (stage IV), or as mature granular and lamellar types. Most of them were fused with each other, and formed compound melanosomes, which was similar to internal melanin aggregates in shape. The internal melanin aggregates gradually disintegrated, and compound melanosomes grew spherical. The compound melanosomes changed into autophagosomes.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Exercise-induced silent myocardial ischemia in single vessel coronary artery disease associated with Q wave infarction. Assessment by thallium 201 single-photon emission computed tomography.

PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between the symptom of ischemia and the amount of abnormally perfused myocardium, coronary arteriography and exercise and redistribution thallium 201 single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) were analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 153 patients with single-vessel coronary artery disease; 53 patients had no pathologic Q waves (group 1) and 100 patients had pathologic Q waves consistent with the area supplied by the diseased vessel (group 2). Twenty normal subjects were used as control subjects. The apical, mid, and basal left ventricular levels of the short-axis view and apical portion of the long-axis view were divided into 20 segments, and segmental images were scored blindly on a 0 (normal) to 4 (severely reduced uptake) scale. The redistribution score was defined as the thallium 201 defect score of exercise subtracted from that of the redistribution image and was used as a measure of the amount of ischemic myocardium. RESULTS: The redistribution score in 20 control subjects was 0.20 +/- 2.06, and the upper limit of normal redistribution score was defined as mean + 2 x SD (4.32). In group 1, 40 of 53 patients had a redistribution score above the normal range. In group 2, 34 of 100 patients had a redistribution score above the normal range. Of 40 patients in group 1, angina during exercise was observed in 22 patients (55 percent). Twenty-two patients who had angina had a redistribution score of 15.2 +/- 6.7, while those who did not have angina had a score of 13.7 +/- 5.2 (p = NS). Of 34 patients in group 2, angina was observed in 10 patients (29 percent) during exercise. Ten patients with angina had a redistribution score of 10.1 +/- 4.4, and those without angina had a score of 9.9 +/- 3.4 (p = NS). CONCLUSION: Thus, the incidence of silent ischemia without the Q wave infarct zone was found to be higher than that within the ischemic zone without Q wave. Patients with silent and symptomatic ischemia during exercise have similar amounts of ischemic myocardium demonstrated by tomographic thallium 201 imaging; this was found in patients who had Q wave infarction and in those who did not.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMed1993

Circadian rhythms of blood pressure and heart rate in patients with human T-lymphotropic virus type-I-associated myelopathy.

Noninvasive ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate monitoring were used to investigate cardiovascular dysfunction in patients with human T-lymphotropic virus type-I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy (HAM). The subjects were 23 patients with HAM, and 23 sex- and age-matched normotensive healthy volunteers (controls). Circadian rhythms of blood pressure and heart rate were present in both the HAM patients and controls. Amplitudes and the 24-hr mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly lower in the patients than in the controls. The 24 hr mean heart rate was significantly higher in the patients, the difference being particularly marked during the night. Differences in the acrophases of the systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate between patients and controls were small but still significant. These results suggest that subclinical cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction is present in HAM patients.

Adult↗