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Biomedical subjects

A Sato

Publications and source records attributed to A Sato.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Efficacy of video thoracoscopic lung biopsy in diffuse lung diseases: comparison with open lung biopsy].

The efficacy and safety of video thoracoscopic lung biopsy (VTLB) and of open lung biopsy (OLB) were compared in patients with diffuse lung diseases. Thirty-three patients who had undergone VTLB were retrospectively studied and compared with 67 patients who had undergone OLB. There were no significant differences in age (52.8 +/- 10.9 vs 53.4 +/- 10.3), in the number of biopsies per patient (2.6 +/- 0.6 vs 2.7 +/- 0.6), or in the rate of diagnosis (94% vs 93%) between the two groups. However, the rate of diagnosis was low when the number of VTLB or OLB performed per patient was low. The patients undergoing VTLB had significantly shorter operative times (VTLB, 100.2 +/- 27.2 min. vs OLB, 119.8 +/- 42.6 min; p < 0.01) and less blood loss (VTLB, 4.7 +/- 14.6 ml vs OLB, 65.7 +/- 77.0 ml; p < 0.001). Complications occurred in 3 of the 33 who underwent VTLB, and in 18 of the 67 who underwent OLB. These results indicate that VTLB is an effective and safe alternative in the diagnosis of diffuse lung diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Clinical evaluation of lansoprazole in the treatment of peptic ulcers: initial healing and prevention of relapse. Tohoku Peptic Ulcer Study Group.

The clinical usefulness of lansoprazole in the healing of gastric and duodenal ulcers, the S2-stage shift rate (white scarring rate), and endoscopic healing rate with respect to degree of gastric mucosal atrophy were investigated. The subjects were 50 gastric ulcer and 37 duodenal ulcer patients. The endoscopic healing rate in patients with gastric ulcers after initial treatment with lansoprazole was 92% after 8 weeks. The S2-shift rate was 38% after 8 weeks. The 8-week healing rate in patients without atrophy was 100% and with atrophy was 92%, although the difference was not statistically significant. The S2-shift rate in patients without atrophy was 42% and in patients with atrophy was slightly lower, at 37%, although the difference was not statistically significant. The endoscopic healing rate in patients with duodenal ulcers was 93% after 6 weeks, and the S2-shift rate was 59%. It is firmly established that atrophic gastric mucosa shows a reduction in mucosal defense factors. However, lansoprazole achieved good endoscopic healing rates and S2-shift rates even in patients with gastric ulcers with atrophic background mucosa.

2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles↗
PubMed1995

Lipoxygenase inhibitor-provoked acute asthma in a patient with asthma relieved by aspirin.

BACKGROUND: A very small number of patients with asthma show symptomatic improvement after administration of aspirin and other cyclooxygenase inhibitors. The clinical features of such patients with so-called aspirin-relieved asthma are similar to those with aspirin-induced asthma, but the pathogenesis is unclear. METHODS: We encountered one confirmed aspirin-relieved asthma patient and investigated the effects of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors on his condition. RESULTS: Our patient showed a marked improvement of the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) after administration of aspirin and three other cyclooxygenase inhibitors (indomethacin, mefenamic acid, and ketoprofen). A 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor (AA861, Takeda, Japan), however, evoked acute asthma, and repeated administration of this drug resulted in some desensitization, but not complete tolerance. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest an altered balance of arachidonic acid metabolism may play a critical role in the pathophysiology of aspirin-relieved asthma.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

[Combination chemotherapy with tegafur-uracil (UFT) and cisplatin (CDDP) for advanced gastric cancer. UFTP Study Group].

An early phase II study of tegafur-uracil (UFT) combined with cisplatin (CDDP) was conducted in patients with advanced gastric cancer. UFT was administered orally for 28 consecutive days at a dose of 400 mg/m2 and CDDP was injected intravenously for 3 day at a dose of 30 mg/m2 over 8 hours every 4 weeks. This treatment cycle was repeated every 4 weeks. Sixteen patients were enrolled in this study and 14 patients could be evaluated for clinical response and toxicity. Based on the results of extramural review, 6 of 14 patients achieved a partial response and the response rate was 42.9%. High grade toxicities (WHO grade 3 or 4), specifically anorexia, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and leukocytopenia, were seen in 5, 2, 3 and 2 patients, respectively. The overall median survival time was 347 days (11.4 months) for evaluated patients. Although these results are preliminary, this regimen does appear to be effective in terms of tumor response and survival. Larger patient numbers in a Phase II study and further studies to evaluate survival are awaited.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

[Analysis of T cell receptor V beta gene expression in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid lymphocytes from patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia].

T lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) patients are considered to recognize unknown antigens, such as dust, fume, virus or degenerated autoantigens. To analyse the nature of these T lymphocytes, we investigated T cell receptor (TCR) V beta gene usage (22 kinds) in BAL Lymphocytes and Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 10 11P patients and 9 normal controls, using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction method. In BAL lymphocytes, predominant usage of V beta genes (> 15% of the sum of all V beta transcripts) was recognized in 7 of 10 IIP patients, which appeared to vary in individuals (Case 1: V beta 14, case 2: V beta 3, V beta 5.1, case 5: V beta 2, case 6: V beta 6, case 7: V beta 8, case 8: V beta 7, V beta 20, case 9: V beta 6), whereas no predominant V beta usage was demonstrated in normal controls. It remains to be elucidated whether the BAL lymphocytes expressing predominant V beta genes are involved in the activation of alveolar macrophages, fibroblasts, thereby inducing the production of autoantibodies.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1995

[Influence of endotoxin on sensitivity to oxytocin in pregnant rat myometrium].

In order to clarify the mechanism of preterm labor induced by intrauterine infection, we studied the effect of endotoxin on oxytocin sensitivity of the myometrium in the pregnant rat. We administrated bacterial endotoxin obtained from Escherichia coli to the pregnant rat at preterm. By using a myometrial strip, we determined the effect of oxytocin on contractility, production of prostaglandins (PGs) and phosphoinositide hydrolysis. 1. Endotoxin increased myometrial sensitivity to oxytocin in the pregnant rat at preterm. The pD2 value was equal to that of myometrium taken from term pregnant rat. This hypersensitivity was significantly inhibited by indomethacin. 2. In the myometrial strips from rats to which endotoxin was administered, the concentrations of PGF2 alpha and PGE2 had already developed a tendency to increase during spontaneous contractions, when compared to the controls. There was seen a significant additional increase due to oxytocin. PGF2 alpha production was also significantly inhibited by indomethacin. 3. Oxytocin significantly stimulated total inositol phosphate production in a dose-dependent manner in myometrium taken from preterm pregnant rat. The inositol 1.4.5-trisphosphate production stimulated by oxytocin significantly increased in comparison to the controls. These results suggest that not only the production of PGs but phosphoinositide hydrolysis of transmembrane signaling pathways would play an important role in the mechanism of myometrial contraction at preterm when intrauterine bacterial infection developed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[A case of necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis].

A 60-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of progressive cough and chest pain for 2 months. She also complained of exertional dyspnea. Bilateral diffuse infiltlative shadows were found on the chest roentogenogram. Ground-glass opacity in the middle lobe and lingula, and subpleural patchy consolidation were seen on the computed tomogram of the chest. Arterial oxygenation and diffusing capacity were low. The level of angiotensin-converting enzyme in serum was normal, but that of lysozyme was high. In the BAL (broncho-alveolar lavage) fluid, total cell count and the number of lymphocytes were high, and the CD 4/8 ratio of the lymphocytes was high. Open lung biopsy revealed numerous confluent sarcoid granulomas with necrosis, which strongly correlated with severe vasculitis. After necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis was diagnosed, prednisolone was administered, which resulted in improvement of symptoms and disappearance of chest-radiograph shadows. Necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis may be seen as a variant type of sarcoidosis. However, clinical findings including the chest-radiograph shadows and clinical course of this case differ from those of ordinary sarcoidosis. These clinical findings can be attributed to severe vasculitis, as revealed by histological examination.

Female↗
PubMed1995

[Restricted T cell receptor V beta gene expression in bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytes of patients with sarcoidosis].

T lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from patients with sarcoidosis are activated. They are thought to recognize as yet unknown antigens and to play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. We studied the use of the T cell receptor V beta gene of lymphocytes obtained by BAL and lymphocytes obtained from peripheral blood of 11 patients with sarcoidosis and 9 normal controls, using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. As compared to the normal controls, V beta 2 and V beta 6 genes were predominantly expressed (> 15% of the sum of all V beta transcripts) on lymphocytes obtained from BAL fluid in 4 and 7 of 11 patients with sarcoidosis, respectively, but no specific V beta gene was predominantly expressed on lymphocytes obtained from peripheral blood. These results imply that those lymphocytes that are obtained from BAL fluid and that express V beta 2 and V beta 6 genes are involved in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Expression of epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor messenger RNA in human endometrium and endometrial carcinoma].

To study the regulation of c-erbB, EFG and TGF-alpha in endometrium, we examined the expression of their mRNA in 5 normal endometrial and 5 endometrial carcinoma tissues by Northern blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). By Northern blot with 10 micrograms of total RNA, c-erbB mRNA was not detected in the normal endometrium, but it was detected in 3 samples of endometrial carcinoma tissues. On the other hand RT-PCR identified c-erbB mRNA in all the normal endometrium and endometrial carcinoma tissues by amplifying cDNA derived from c-erbB mRNA. EGF mRNA was detected by RT-PCR in normal endometrium except in the early follicular phase. It was detected in all cases of endometrial carcinoma tissues. TGF-alpha mRNA was also detected in all the normal and endometrial carcinoma tissues by RT-PCR. Our study suggests that an autocrine/paracrine mechanism of EGF may regulate the endometrial cycle. Because some endometrial carcinoma tissues express the c-erbB mRNA much more than normal endometrium, disruption of the autocrine/paracrine mechanism may trigger subsequent endometrial carcinogenesis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

[A case of eosinophilic pneumonia associated with Mycobacterium avium infection].

A 54 year-old woman was admitted with cough and high fever. Computed tomographic scan of the chest showed bilateral patchy infiltrates, predominantly in the upper lobes. Eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) accounted for 19% of BALF cells. Furthermore, Mycobacterium avium was isolated from a bronchial washing from the upper area of the right lung (S3) and a sample of sputum which had been submitted for microbial examination about 1 month before admission by another clinic. Based on these finding's the diagnosis of eosinophilic pneumonia associated with Mycobacterium avium infection was established. The infiltrates of the lung rapidly decreased after administration of antituberculous agents. The simultaneous presentation of eosinophilic pneumonia and Mycobacterium avium infection has not been previously reported. Because of the efficacy of antituberculous agents in this case, we concluded that Mycobacterium avium was a cause of eosinophilic pneumonia.

Female↗
PubMed1995

[Usefulness of percutaneous instillation of antifungal agents for pulmonary aspergilloma].

We studied the usefulness of percutaneous instillation of antifungal agents for treatment of pulmonary aspergilloma. The subjects were six patients, four males and two females, with a mean age of 69 years (range, 45 to 90 years). In all cases, radiography revealed a fungus ball or thickened cavity wall in residual tuberculous cavities. The patients had clinical symptoms including hemoptysis, fever, cough and sputum, and most of them showed severe emaciation, anemia, hypoalbuminemia and hypoxia. Miconazole or fluconazole was instilled through an indwelling catheter inserted percutaneously into the cavity from the anterior chest wall or parascapular region under fluoroscopic observation. After treatment with a total dose of 610 to 2070 mg over a period of 6 to 18 weeks, clinical symptoms were diminished in all patients and radiographic findings were improved in five. Furthermore, Aspergillus fumigatus, which had been isolated from sputum samples of three patients, was eradicated. According to evaluation of the overall therapeutic effects, this therapy was considered to be effective in five patients, giving an efficacy rate of 83%. No recurrence has been detected in six patients during a mean follow-up of 13 months after treatment. Since percutaneous instillation involves less pain and stress than other kinds of

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Two cases of intrapulmonary lymph node associated with either progressive systemic sclerosis or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis].

We encountered 2 cases of intrapulmonary lymph node. Case 1 was in a 48-year-old woman who had been given a diagnosis of progressive systemic sclerosis. Case 2 was in a 49-year-old woman with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. In each patient, a follow-up chest CT scan showed a pulmonary nodule, which could not be seen on chest X-ray film. Each nodule has an irregular margin and a linear shadow resembling pleural indentation. Histological examination of the open biopsy specimens revealed that these nodules were intrapulmonary lymph nodes surrounded by interstitial pneumonia. Previous case reports and these 2 cases indicate that unless a thoracotomy is done intrapulmonary lymph nodes are difficult to distinguish from lung cancers.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1995

[Chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis treated with itraconazole and inhaled amphotericin B].

A 52-year-old man with chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis complicated by a residual tuberculous cavity was admitted to the hospital because of fever and a new infiltration shadow in the right lower lobe. Aspergillus was isolated repeatedly from his sputum, though he had been treated with itraconazol for 9 months. Combination therapy with itraconazol (200 mg) and inhaled amphotericin B (AMPC, 10 mg, 4 times a day) was begun. The infiltration shadow gradually resolved. The concentration of AMPC in serum was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, and was found to be 0.09 micrograms/ml, which is equal to the AMPC concentration obtained with daily oral administration of 2400 mg. This case shows that, contrary to previous opinion, AMPC can be effectively administered by inhalation. We know of no previous reports of similar cases. In addition, itraconazol and inhaled AMPC may have had a synergistic effect in this case.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1995

[Effect of inhaled vancomycin hydrochloride on elimination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus].

Vancomycin hydrochloride (VCM) is one of the most useful drugs in treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Intravenous administration of the drug is, however, not appropriate in patients with impaired renal or liver function. Thus, we studied the effect of inhaled VCM on MRSA. Fifty-one patients with MRSA in their sputum (35 men and 16 women 21, in the "infected" group and 30 in the "colonized" group, mean age 76.4 years) were studied. MRSA was eliminated in 84.3% of the patients (43 of 51 patients), and the average time required for elimination was 14.7 days. MRSA colonization or infection recurred in 46.5% of the patients (20 of 43 patients), and the duration from elimination until recurrence of MRSA averaged 28 days. Eight patients in whom MRSA was not eliminated by inhaled VCM were not clinically distinguishable from other patients, but their performance status was worse. Two hours after VCM was inhaled, serum VCM concentrations were unmeasurable in 7 patients. The VCM level in sputum peaked at 262.5 micrograms/g just after inhalation, and then gradually decreased. No side effects of this treatment were observed. These results suggest that inhaled VCM can be used to eliminate MRSA.

Administration, Inhalation↗