Needs of caregivers of clients with multiple sclerosis.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
A Sato
Publications and source records attributed to A Sato.
High glucose stimulates aldosterone-induced hypertrophy via type I mineralocorticoid receptors in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.
Previous studies have shown that aldosterone plus salt loading cause cardiac hypertrophy in rats in vivo, and that in vitro, both aldosterone and glucose stimulate fibroblast growth. The present studies examined the effects of adrenal steroids via mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors (MR and GR) on [3H]leucine incorporation by neonatal rat cardiomyocytes in culture and the role of elevated glucose in modulating such effects. GR occupancy by corticosterone, the highly selective type II (glucocorticoid) receptor agonist RU28362, or high doses of aldosterone lowers incorporation; when this effect is blocked by coincubation with the glucocorticoid antagonist RU486, aldosterone, but not corticosterone, markedly elevates leucine incorporation, indicating a specific mineralocorticoid effect via MR. Incubation with high glucose alone does not increase incorporation, but markedly increases the hypertropic effect of aldosterone in terms of both threshold and maximum response. The glucose-aldosterone synergy is via MR and is completely blocked by spironolactone. The time course of increased incorporation is identical for aldosterone acting alone or with elevated glucose, consistent with widespread transcriptional effects and suggesting that the contribution of high glucose is not rate limiting. The glucose effect reflects neither induction of MR synthesis nor an increase in their affinity; it is specific, in that it is not mimicked by L-glucose or mannitol at equal concentrations, and is mediated via an increase in protein kinase C activity that can be measured in both soluble and particulate compartments. The role of this synergy in the cardiac sequelae of diabetes remains to be explored.
Aldosterone↗
Dissociation between serum interleukin-6 rise and other parameters of disease activity in subacute thyroiditis during treatment with corticosteroid.
Increased serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations have recently been reported in patients with subacute thyroiditis, possibly because of cytokine release from damaged thyroid cells. To investigate the changes in serum IL-6 concentrations in subacute thyroiditis during treatment with corticosteroid, serum IL-6 concentrations were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method in five patients with subacute thyroiditis. Serum IL-6 concentrations were increased moderately, and simultaneously, serum levels of T4, thyroglobulin, and C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were increased markedly. The treatment with prednisolone rapidly and progressively decreased serum levels of thyroglobulin, T4, and C-reactive protein and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. In contrast, serum IL-6 concentrations increased markedly 7 days after the treatment with prednisolone in all five patients and two of five patients showed further increases in serum IL-6 concentration on the 17th day. The rise in serum IL-6 levels in untreated patients with subacute thyroiditis in this study is compatible with previous reports. The rise in serum IL-6 levels after treatment with corticosteroid in subacute thyroiditis may reflect the dissociation between the persistent release of IL-6 from the damaged thyroid cells, immediate inhibition of secondary inflammatory reactions by corticosteroid, and the release of thyroglobulin and T4 from performed colloid stores in follicular lumen destroyed by subacute thyroiditis.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
Pirarubicin pasting for radiotherapy of inoperable colorectal cancers.
Three cases of inoperable primary or recurrent colorectal cancer were subjected to pirarubicin pasting during radiotherapy. The tumor masses dissolved or greatly regressed, and the patients resumed their activity. The technique is simple, safe, and effective, and it may also be applicable to other approachable cancers, with or without the concurrent radiotherapy. Other anticancer chemotherapeutics, which do not harm normal tissue, may also be used.
Aged↗
Ovarian epithelial borderline tumor and carcinoma in young women.
To clarify the influence of age on clinical and histologic features, young women with ovarian epithelial borderline tumors and carcinomas were analyzed. A retrospective review of 93 patients with ovarian common epithelial borderline tumors and carcinomas was performed. Twenty-one of 93 patients (22.6%) were under age 40. Predominant symptoms in young patients were abdominal pain or abdominal distention, but 4 (19%) patients had no symptom. Eleven (11/21; 52.4%) patients were nulliparous and six patients received conservative surgery to preserve fertility. The rate of histologic type and stage did not significantly differ between the young and older groups. Although overall survival between young and older patients did not significantly differ, the survival of young patients with advanced disease (stage III and IV) was significantly worse than in older patients with advanced disease. (p < 0.05).
Adolescent↗
A clinical study of minocycline-induced pneumonitis.
We studied the clinical features of minocycline-induced pneumonitis in seven patients. Acute symptoms included fever, dry cough and dyspnea, indicating acute respiratory failure. Diffuse ground glass shadows with Kerley's B lines, bronchial wall thickening, swelling of vascular bundles and pleural effusion were visible on radiography. Bronchoalveolar lavage or transbronchial lung biopsy confirmed pulmonary eosinophilia. Cessation of minocycline led to rapid remission with no treatment or only short-term steroid therapy. The lymphocyte stimulation test for minocycline with peripheral blood lymphocytes was not found to be useful for diagnosis.
Acute Disease↗
Varicella pneumonia in a healthy adult presenting with severe respiratory failure.
We describe a case of varicella pneumonia in a 24-year-old healthy man presenting with severe respiratory failure. A chest radiograph showed diffuse, bilateral airspace consolidation; additional complications included liver dysfunction and thrombocytopenia. However, treatment with intravenous acyclovir and gamma-globulin improved his clinical symptoms and signs. A greater than four-fold change in paired titers of the varicella-zoster virus antibody was observed. Bronchoalveolar lavage performed during the recovery phase revealed increased total cell and lymphocyte counts and a decreased CD4:CD8 ratio of T lymphocytes. Transbronchial lung biopsy findings were compatible with a diagnosis of interstitial pneumonia.
Acyclovir↗
Parathyroid carcinoma with metastatic calcification identified by technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate scintigraphy.
We describe herein a case of parathyroid carcinoma accompanied with metastatic calcification identified by technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate (Tc-99m MDP) scintigraphy in the lungs, kidneys and stomach. Parathyroid carcinoma remains a rare disorder despite the increased prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism. Metastatic calcification is noted infrequently even in primary hyperparathyroidism and it may cause respiratory failure. Tc-99m MDP scintigraphy three months after surgery showed a complete disappearance of Tc-99m uptake in the stomach and an obvious reduction in the kidneys but no significant change in the lungs, indicating metastatic calcification can be reversibly reabsorbed. This case indicates that the adequate excision of parathyroid carcinoma as well as the early detection of metastatic calcification by Tc-99m MDP are obligatory.
Calcinosis↗
Renal dysfunction in patients with sarcoidosis.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Calcitriol↗
Reflex modulation of catecholamine secretion and adrenal sympathetic nerve activity by acupuncture-like stimulation in anesthetized rat.
The effects of acupuncture-like stimulation of the abdomen and a hindlimb on the secretion rates of adrenal medullary catecholamine hormones (adrenaline and noradrenaline) and adrenal sympathetic efferent nerve activity were studied using urethane-anesthetized rats. Acupuncture needles (diameter of 340 microns) were inserted into the skin and underlying muscles of either the abdomen or a hindlimb to a depth of 10 mm and then twisted at a frequency of about 1 Hz for 90 s. The stimuli induced three types of response in both catecholamine secretion and adrenal sympathetic nerve activity (i.e., decrease, increase, and no change). These different responses corresponded with three similar types of response in mean arterial pressure. In spinalized animals, the stimuli produced only increases in both catecholamine secretion and nerve activity, and abdominal stimulation elicited a larger response than hindlimb stimulation. The responses of adrenal nerve activity were eliminated after surgically severing the afferent nerves innervating the abdomen and hindlimb. These findings indicate that the secretion of adrenal medullary hormones is controlled reflexively by acupuncture-like stimulation via excitation of somatic afferent nerves and also via the reflex responses of adrenal sympathetic efferent nerves. Both the spinal cord and supraspinal structures act as reflex centers. The excitatory reflex properties at the propriospinal and segmental levels are modified into a generalized, either excitatory or inhibitory, response by supraspinal structures.
Abdomen↗
Quantitative and qualitative derangement of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins as a risk factor for diabetic macroangiopathy in nonobese NIDDM subjects.
Cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and apolipoprotein (apo) B were determined in plasma and in lipoprotein subfractions (VLDL, intermediate-density lipoproteins [IDL], LDL, and HDL) in nonobese NIDDM subjects, who were classified into well-controlled, fairly controlled, or poorly controlled states with or without macrovascular complications (macroangiopathy [MA]). The same analyses were also performed on subjects who had coronary artery disease (CAD) with stable angina pectoris (SA) or unstable angina pectoris (UA) and acute myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease (CVD) with atherothrombotic or lacunar infarction, and arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO). In nonobese NIDDM subjects, the number of apoB-containing lipoproteins (VLDL, IDL, and LDL) increased. This alteration was more prominent in subjects with poorly or fairly controlled disease as well as in subjects with MA, but not in those with well-controlled NIDDM. Cholesterol/apoB in LDL decreased in subjects with poorly or fairly controlled diabetes or with MA and was correlated with low HDL cholesterol. The disorder is characterized by hyperbetalipoproteinemia with elevated LDL cholesterol and small dense LDL. In obese NIDDM subjects, the similar disorder was more pronounced. Glycemic control had less effect and hyperinsulinemia, if present, aggravated the lipid disorder. In those with CAD, the number of IDLs increased and the LDL fraction had the properties of small dense LDL. HDL cholesterol decreased. In those with UA, the LDL number increased without elevation of LDL cholesterol, indicating typical hyperbetalipoproteinemia. The subjects with atherothrombotic brain infarction, an increased number of small-sized LDLs was noted. In those with ASO, the number of VLDL and IDL increased with small LDL. HDL cholesterol decreased in those with CAD, cerebrovascular disease, and ASO. Since similar quantitative and qualitative alterations of apoB-containing lipoprotein have been observed in NIDDM patients as well as in those with macrovascular diseases, diabetic patients are thought to be more susceptible to the initiation and progression of atheromatous lesions in coronary, brain, and peripheral arteries.
Adult↗
[Development of scales of relationships between grandchildren in adolescence and grandparents].
The purposes of this study are (1) to make scales of relationships between grandchildren in adolescence and grandparents, and (2) to clarify functions of grandparents perceived by grandchildren and functions of grandchildren perceived by grandparents. Subjects were 517 students in junior high schools, high schools and universities (mean of age: 17 years old), and 107 elderly persons at home (mean of age: 73 years old). As a result, factorial validity and reliability of the scales were confirmed. We found the functions of "daily emotional support", "acceptance of existence", "time perspectives", and "succession of generations" in both the grandchildren scale and the grandparents scale. Additionally we identified the function of "instrumental informational support" in the grandparents scale. The fact that the functions of "time perspectives", and "succession of generations" were found in two groups suggested the facilitation of mutual development between the generations. In addition, the function of "acceptance of existence" suggested possibilities of genuinely supportive relationships.
Adolescent↗
[Asthma-like symptoms due to thoracic aneurysm].
We describe a case of positional dyspnea due to compression of the tracheobronchial tree by an extensive thoracic aneurysm. In a 77-year-old woman with long-standing systemic hypertension, intermittent anterior chest pain gradually developed over several years. She had no history of asthma or thoracic trauma. She was admitted to our hospital because of sudden, severe shortness of breath. The breathlessness was markedly worse when she lay on her back or on her right side. On physical examination, she was in acute respiratory distress with cyanosis, severe hypertension (180/110 mmHg), tachycardia, and inspiratory stridor. A chest X-ray film showed loss of volume and nearly complete radiopacity of the left hemithorax. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed an arterial oxygen partial pressure of 54.8 mmHg, a carbon dioxide partial pressure of 39.8 mmHg, and an oxygen saturation of 84.5 percent on room air. Computed tomographic examination of the thorax showed dilation of the aortic arch and descending aorta, and marked compression of the trachea and the left main bronchus. Examination with a fiberoptic bronchoscope revealed extrinsic compression of the trachea just proximal to the carina. The patient's symptoms stabilized. However, she did not undergo surgery because of her age and because of the size of the aneurysm. She died due to rupture of the aneurysm.
Aged↗
Descending projections from the cortical accommodation area in the cat.
PURPOSE: Results in previous studies indicated that the lateral suprasylvian (LS) area, the cortical area surrounding the middle suprasylvian sulcus (Mss) of the cat, has important roles in the control of accommodation. The current study was conducted to investigate descending projections from the accommodation-related area in the LS area to the brainstem. METHODS: Wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxydase (WGA-HRP) was injected into the accommodation-related area in the pretectum or in the rostral superior colliculus (SC) of the cat. These regions are thought to be involved in the control of accommodation based on results of previous studies. The authors investigated locations of retrogradely labeled cells in the LS area. In addition, the authors compared amplitudes of accommodative responses evoked by stimulation of the LS area before and after neuronal activities in the rostral SC were inhibited by the injection of muscimol (gamma-aminobutyric acid agonist) into the accommodation-related area in the rostral SC. RESULTS: After injections of WGA-HRP into the accommodation-related area in the rostral SC, retrogradely labeled cells were observed in the lower part of the medial bank of the Mss, which corresponded to the accommodation-related area in the LS area. Conversely, after injections of WGA-HRP into the accommodation-related area in the pretectum, retrogradely labeled cells were seen in the upper part of the medial bank of the Mss, which did not correspond to the accommodation-related area in the LS area. Accommodation responses evoked by stimulation of the LS area were abolished by the injection of muscimol into the accommodation-related area in the rostral SC. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that accommodation-related signals from the LS area mainly project to the rostral SC, but not to the pretectum.
Accommodation, Ocular↗
[Thickening of the GB wall].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Diagnosis, Differential↗
[Middle lobe syndrome--incidence and relationship to atypical mycobacterial pulmonary disease].
We evaluated the incidence of middle lobe syndrome in the Haibara area, and its relationship to atypical mycobacterial infection. Of the 30,588 persons who underwent annual mini-chest roentgenography in 1992 or 1993 or both, 51 (0.17%) had middle lobe syndrome, diagnosed from posteroanterior and lateral chest X-ray films. The incidence was significantly higher in persons over 50 years old than in persons under 50 years old (0.26% vs 0.02%: p < 0.001), and was higher in femals than in males (0.20% vs 0.11%: p = 0.527). Of 16 patients examined by bronchoscopy and computed tomography, 7 showed evidence of cylindrical bronchiectasis, and four had mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease presenting as middle lobe syndrome. All four were women who were 51 years of age or older and none had predisposing pulmonary disorders. Computed tomography showed multiple nodular shadows with or without bronchiectasis located in the middle lobe or the lingula. Cavitary lesions were not seen. These results indicate that middle lobe syndrome is not rare, and that infection with mycobacterium avium complex should be considered when multiple nodular shadows are seen in the middle lobe or the lingula.
Adult↗
[Pneumothorax from a nasogastric feeding tube].
An 83-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of fever and disturbance of consciousness. Pneumonia and multiple organ failure were diagnosed from symptoms, a chest X-ray film, and laboratory findings. With the administration of antibiotics and an antiprotease inhibitor, the pneumonia and multiple organ failure began to resolve, but consciousness remained disturbed. A nasogastric feeding tube was inserted to provide parenteral nutrition. Neither abnormal resistance nor reflex coughing were noted during insertion. Bubbling rales were not heard on auscultation, and a chest X-ray film revealed that the tube had traversed the right bronchial tree, perforated the lung, coiled up in the right pleural vavity, and caused a right pneumothorax. The tube was immediately removed. The pneumothorax was treated with an intercostal drainage tube for 1 day and resolved without further problems. This case shows one of the dangers involved in inserting nasogastric feeding tubes. The medical community should be aware that pulmonary complications may develop after such tubes are inserted in patients with risk factors.
Aged↗
[Limitation of uterine weight in total vaginal hysterectomy in patients with uterine myoma and adenomyosis].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗