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Biomedical subjects

A Sato

Publications and source records attributed to A Sato.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Impairment of glucose tolerance in normal adults following a lowered carbohydrate intake.

Some normal people are falsely classified as having impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) if they are given an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) when their last meal contained very few carbohydrates. In this study, the duration of carbohydrate restriction was extended to one and three days and the relationship between the carbohydrate restriction and the glucose tolerance after an OGTT was examined. Two different groups of normal subjects were placed on high-carbohydrate (80% carbohydrates) and low-carbohydrate (10%) diets before an OGTT; one group for one day and the other for 3 days. None of the subjects showed impairment of glucose tolerance when placed on the high-carbohydrate regimens. In contrast, 3 of 12 subjects and 2 of 8 subjects placed on the low-carbohydrate diets for 1 and 3 days, respectively, were classified as having IGT. The impairment of glucose tolerance was invariably accompanied by an increase in the fasting plasma free fatty acid level. The longer the period of carbohydrate restriction, the severer was the glucose tolerance impairment. However, the number of subjects who were classified as having IGT did not depend on the duration of carbohydrate restriction. The impairment of glucose tolerance after carbohydrate restriction may be associated with the Randle effect, which is the activation of the glucose-free fatty acid cycle.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

G-CSF induces apoptosis of a human acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line, UF-1: possible involvement of Stat3 activation and altered Bax expression.

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a cytokine that regulates the proliferation, differentiation and survival of cells in the granulocytic lineage. In this study, however, we found that G-CSF or interleukin-6 (IL-6) induced UF-1, a human acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line, into apoptosis that was confirmed by morphological features and DNA fragmentation. This rare response is demonstrated for the first time with human acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line. The apoptosis induced by G-CSF or IL-6 was not preceded by terminal differentiation characterized by morphological maturation, capability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium, or surface CD11b expression. Interestingly, Western blot analysis revealed that the stimulation of UF-1 with either G-CSF or IL-6 resulted in excessive activation of both signal transducer and activator of transcription 3alpha (Stat3alpha) and Stat3beta. Furthermore, an additional 18 kDa Bax-related protein was expressed by the stimulation of G-CSF or IL-6, while Bcl-2 and Bcl-X proteins remained unchanged. These findings suggest that UF-1 may be a valuable tool in investigating the aberrant regulation of apoptosis, especially the Stat3 involvement in the mechanism of apoptosis induction.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1999

Effects of nisoldipine and lisinopril on left ventricular mass and function in diabetic nephropathy.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of the calcium channel blocker, nisoldipine, and the ACE inhibitor, lisinopril, on left ventricular mass (LVM) and systolic function in type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: M-mode echocardiography was performed in 50 hypertensive type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy enrolled in a 1-year, randomized, double-blind, parallel study of antihypertensive treatment with nisoldipine CC (20-40 mg/day) or lisinopril (10-20 mg/day). Ambulatory 24-h blood pressure was measured with the Takeda TM 2420 device (A & D, Tokyo, Japan) every 3 months. Three patients dropped out and seven patients were excluded due to technical difficulties. RESULTS: The 24-h diastolic blood pressure was reduced from 83 to 80 mmHg in the nisoldipine group (P = 0.06) and from 85 to 80 mmHg in the lisinopril group (P = 0.02). The decline in systolic blood pressure was not significant with any of the two treatments, and no difference in reduction of blood pressure was seen between groups. LVM corrected for body surface area (LVMI) was comparable between groups at baseline and increased from 96 +/- 5 to 107 +/- 6 g/m2 (mean +/- SEM; P = 0.007) in the nisoldipine group and from 95 +/- 4 to 103 +/- 5 g/m2 (P = 0.03) in the lisinopril group. The mean difference between the change in LVMI in the two groups was 2.9 (95% CI 6.8 to 12.7) g/m2. The prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy rose from 18 (95% CI 6-30) to 30% (16-44) during the study period. A multiple linear regression analysis revealed that after 1 year of treatment, LVMI increased with higher systolic blood pressure level and declining glomerular filtration rate (R2 = 0.25). Fractional shortening was within normal range at baseline, 42 +/- 1 vs. 41 +/- 1% with nisoldipine and lisinopril, respectively, and did not change during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Antihypertensive treatment with nisoldipine or lisinopril to bring diastolic blood pressure level within the normal target range does not hinder a rise in LVMI in type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Effect of dental material HEMA monomer on human dental pulp cells.

The purpose of this study was the cytotoxicity assay of dental material HEMA monomer to human dental pulp cell by MTT method and application of the flow cytometry to analyze effect of dental material on the cell cycle progression. The result of MTT method showed the inhibition of cell growth and 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of HEMA monomer in human dental pulp cell was 815.19 micrograms/ml. The result of the flow cytometry showed that there was a perturbation on human dental pulp cell cycle progression at the phases of Sand G2M with a dose-dependent manner. Biomaterials including dental materials should be safety to human bodies. Presently, many methods for testing the cytotoxicity of biomaterials were suggested. [1-2] MTT method is one of the cytotoxicity assay. It was provided by Monsmnn. [3] MTT is a kind of tetrazolium salt [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yi)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide]. MTT method is the rapid, precision and quantitative colorimetric assay for cytotoxicity. It can be used to measure the proliferation, cytotoxicity or activation of living cells and is capable of handling large number of samples. Many investigators have used this advanced method.[4] Flow cytometry (FCM) analyzes the quantity of DNA bonded with dyes in each cell. It can provided the information of the cell cycle progression in detail. Currently, flow cytometry has been widely and successfully used in various fields of basic science research and clinical medicine. This FCM technology also can be used to study the cytotoxicity of dental materials and evaluate the biocompatibility of dental materials.[5-6] The contents of the study were (1) cytotoxicity assay on dental material HEMA monomer in human dental pulp cells by MTT method. (2) application flow cytometry to analyze the effect of dental material HEMA monomer on the cell cycle progression of the human dental pulp cells.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMed1999

Cytotoxicity of dental resin monomers in the presence of S9 mix enzymes.

The purpose of the this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of dental resin monomers in the presence of a rat liver S9 mix containing cytochrome P 450 enzymes. JTC-12 cells derived from a monkey kidney were seeded on a 96-well multi-well-plate at 9 x 10(3) cells per well. After cultivation, the S9 mix was added to the wells as an S9 mix group (+S9), and PBS- was added to the other wells as a none-S9 mix group (-S9), then 7 different concentrations of various monomers were added to each well. All the specimens were cultured for another 24 hrs. The cell survival ratios (CSR) were calculated by using a neutral red cytotoxicity assay. CSR for 50 micrograms/mL of Bis-GMA/S9 mix was 92.6% while for none-S9 mix it was 6.6%. The values of CSR for UDMA, Bis-MPEPP, EGDMA, TEGDMA, DMAEM, 4-META and HEMA exhibited a reduction in cytotoxicity in the presence of the S9 mix. There were significant differences between +S9 and -S9 for respective monomers (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences between +S9 and -S9 for MMA (p < 0.05).

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Hyperimmunoglobin E syndrome: a sign of TH1/TH2 imbalance?

We report on a patient with hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome, who developed pruritic vesiculopapules from the age of six months and also had recurrent episodes of skin abscesses and oral thrush. Serum IgE was extremely elevated at 59,514 IU/ml and specific IgE antibody to Staphylococcus aureus was positive. Histological examination from a vesiculopapule on the face revealed that eosinophil-rich infiltration involved hair follicles, similar to eosinophilic pustular folliculitis. We also examined cytokine profiles of circulating CD4+ T cells by intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometry. The ratio of cells positive for interferon-gamma was significantly reduced compared with a control. Several reports have shown decreased interferon-gamma production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome. We think that this cytokine profile and the histological findings of our patient support the hypothesis that TH1/TH2 imbalance is involved in hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome.

CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1999

[Hyperuricemia and arthralgia during pyrazinamide treatment].

We studied 51 pulmonary tuberculosis patients who were initially treated with pyrazinamide (PZA) at our hospital between April 1996 and December 1997. PZA dosage was less than 1.5 g per day, and the chemotherapy course lasted 2 months. Uric acid levels of higher than 8 mg/dl were observed in 44 patients (86%). Arthralgia was observed in 9 patients. Acute gout was observed in only 1 patient who had hyperuricemia prior to PZA treatment and a predisposition for gout. The other 8 patients with arthralgia had symptoms in the shoulders and knees, but no gouty pain. Arthralgia was not related to serum uric acid level and disappeared after PZA treatment was stopped. We concluded that PZA can be used for up to 2 months without the combined administration of allopurinol or benzbromarone even if hyperuricemia or arthralgia develops.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1999

[Evaluations of MTD and Amplicor Mycobacterium for direct detection of Mycobacteria from clinical specimens].

MTD (GEN-PROBE AMPLIFIED MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS DIRECT TEST) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Amplicor Mycobacterium for Mycobacteria (AMP-M. tb for M. tuberculosis, AMP-M. av for M. avium and AMP-M. in for M. intracellulare) were used for the detection of relevant Mycobacterium. Their sensitivity and specificity were evaluated. Total 244 clinical specimens including 164 sputa were examined by the above two tests. The results were compared with those obtained by the conventional methods. Of 244 samples, number of the M. tuberculosis positive samples by microscopy, cultural test, MTD and AMP-M. tb were 32, 33, 38 and 35, respectively. Among 33 culture positive samples, 25 were MTD positive and 26 were AMP-M. tb positive. Therefore, sensitivity of MTD and AMP-M. tb were 75.8% and 78.8%, and their specificity were 93.8% and 95.7%, respectively. When only sputa were used for the tests as the clinical specimens, both sensitivity of MTD and AMP-M. tb were increased to 94.4%. For MAC, positive samples of M. avium complex by culture, M. avium by AMP-M. av and M. intracellulare by AMP-M. in were 13, 16, and 8, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of AMP-M. av/M. in were 100% and 95.2%, respectively. Clinical findings of the patients whose MTD tests were positive but negative by culture were reexamined. Three of 9 specimens were also positive in AMP-M. tb. From the records of the isolations of tubercle bacilli or other important pathogens from the other kind of clinical specimens, smear tests and patients' response to tuberculosis chemotherapy, four of 9 specimens were confirmed as true positive, three were suspected as positive, and two other specimens were false positive which might be caused by contamination. From these observations, it could be concluded that MTD and AMP-M. tb are more sensitive than conventional culture method, and MTD is more sensitive than AMP-M. tb but needs more careful treatment to avoid the contamination.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1999

[A case of middle ear tuberculosis; PCR of the otorrhea was useful for the diagnosis].

A 26-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with complaints of fever, cough, otorrhea and otalgia and progressive hearing loss of her left ear. Smears of her sputum were positive for acid-fast bacilli. Smears of her otorrhea were negative for acid-fast bacilli but PCR of her otorrhea was positive. Chest X-ray showed infiltrative shadows with the cavity. She was diagnosed as middle ear tuberculosis associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. After anti-tuberculous chemotherapy, fever, cough, otorrhea and pain of her left ear were improved, but her hearing level was not improved. In the case of middle ear tuberculosis, it is necessary to make an early diagnosis and treatment. This is the first reported case in Japan in which PCR of the otorrhea is positive.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Advances in endoscopic therapies for cancers of the digestive tract].

Endoscopic therapies for the treatment of cancers of the digestive tract have been improved. Today, some early cancers can be curatively treated by endoscopy (endoscopic polypectomy, endoscopic mucosal resection, heatprobe method, etc.). In addition, endoscopic local injection chemotherapy is performed for some advanced cancers as an adjuvant therapy. Recent progress in endoscopic therapies for cancer is reviewed in this paper, including their historical background. Improvements in these endoscopic treatment methods are expected to provide increased advantages for the treatment of patients with cancer in the near future.

Colonic Polyps↗
PubMed1999

[Iodine responsive autoimmune thyroid diseases].

Iodine is an important element for the thyroid and regulates iodine accumulation, thyroid hormone synthesis and hormone release. As a result, dietary iodine deficiency is largely responsible for the production of T3 thyrotoxicosis. Supplemental iodine significantly elevated incidence of iodine induced hyperthyroidism in endemic goiter area. Even in normal iodine area, intake of iodine sometimes accelerates recurrence of hyperthyroid Graves' disease in antithyroid drug treated patients. In contrast, a possible role of iodine on Hashimoto's thyroiditis is not known. As a therapeutic means, excess iodide is used for rapid control of thyrotoxicosis and thyrotoxic crisis. Experimental studies indicated that excess iodide blocks thyroid hormone release by inhibiting thyroid stimulators. This blocking action is ascertained by measuring cAMP, colloid droplets formation and microscopic techniques. Excess iodide does induce hypothyroidism in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[An elevation of serum immunoglobulin E provides a new aspect of hyperthyroid Graves' disease].

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by circulating TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), the majority of which lies in the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class. However, there may be a role of other immunoglobulins in the induction and maintenance of hyperthyroid Graves' disease. We focus on the role of IgE on these issues. One third of hyperthyroid Graves' disease shows IgE elevation (greater than 170 U/mL). This prevalence is significantly higher than other thyroid diseases and controls, suggesting IgE elevation appears associated with autoimmune Graves' disease. Half of Graves' patients with IgE elevation have hereditary and/or allergic conditions such as bronchial asthma and pollen allergy. There is a significantly smaller decrease in TRAb in patients with IgE elevation than in those with normal IgE during methimazole treatment. The remission rate is significantly less in patients with IgE elevation than in those with normal IgE. These findings suggest that TRAb synthesis is increased when IgE synthesis is stimulated. There is an elevation of interleukin (IL)-13, but not of IL-4, in two thirds of patients with IgE elevation in the absence of detectable helper T-cell-1 marker, IFN gamma. It seems that TH2 cells are stimulated in hyperthyroid Graves' disease to secrete excess IL-13, following stimulation of B cells to secrete TRAb and IgE. IgE elevation as a result of aggravating complex (IL-13-IgE synthesis), thus, may play a role in the participation of thyroid autoimmunity rather than its pathogenesis.

Graves Disease↗
PubMed1999

[Effect of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in a case of idiopathic recurrent brachial and lumbosacral plexopathy].

We report a case of a 23-year-old woman with idiopathic brachial and lumbosacral plexopathy who presented a relapsing course of weakness and numbness following acute onset of pain in the right shoulder or pelvic girdle area. On her first admission, the patient recovered gradually with oral prednisolone. But after about 1 year, her symptoms worsened. In the second admission, oral prednisolone had no effect on her symptoms, so intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG; 0.1 g/kg/day, 5 days) therapy was tried. The patient improved about 2 weeks after IVIG therapy. About 1 year later, her symptoms worsened and was administered again. In the third admission, IVIG therapy of which dose was the same as that in the previous admission had an effect on her symptoms. The dose of IVIG in our case was relatively low, compared with those in cases reported before (0.2-2 g/kg/day). This findings suggest that a relatively low-dose IVIG therapy is effective for idiopathic plexopathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[An autopsy case of lung cancer accompanied by pneumoperitoneum].

We report a case of pneumoperitoneum at the end stage of lung cancer. The patient was an 81-year-old man who experienced only mild abdominal pain and fullness. The pneumoperitoneum spontaneously disappeared. Ruptured viscera and peritonitis were not observed at autopsy. We speculated that air had moved from the lung cancer lesion to the mediastinum, and then through the retroperitoneal space into the peritoneal space. When pneumoperitoneum is observed, lung cancer and other intrathoracic diseases should be suspected as causes. Also, it may be necessary to carefully examine the patient for fever, general appearance, abdominal findings, and laboratory findings, including white blood cell count and C-reactive protein level, and on that basis differentiate from ruptured viscus, which requires an emergency laparotomy.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

[Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome during mid-term pregnancy successfully treated with combined methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin].

A 32-year-old woman in the 16th week of pregnancy was admitted to our hospital because of high fever. Laboratory findings disclosed pancytopenia and extremely elevated serum LDH and ferritin levels. Coagulation tests showed disseminated intravascular coagulation. Serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6 levels were high, but serum interferon-gamma was below the detectable limit. Reactive Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection was diagnosed on the basis of a high titer of IgG antibodies to the EBV capsid antigen and early antigen. EBV was demonstrated in the peripheral blood and bone marrow cells by polymerase chain reaction. Mature histiocytosis and hemophagocytosis were detected in the bone marrow. A diagnosis of EBV-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (EBV-AHS) was made. Neither prednisolone (PSL 30 mg/day, P.O.) nor methylprednisolone (m-PSL) pulse therapy (1,000 mg/day for 3 days) induced a response. Thereafter, treatment with m-PSL pulse therapy (1,000 mg/day for 3 days) and i.v. administrations of high-dose immunoglobulin (20 g/day for 3 days) in combination with acyclovir (750 mg/day) and gabexate mesilate (2 g/day) induced remission of the disease. Maintenance therapy consisted of PSL (5 mg/day, P.O.) and camostat mesilate (600 mg/day, P.O.). The patient delivered a healthy male infant in the 35th week of pregnancy via natural birth. Reports of pregnant women with EBV-AHS are rare, and the choice of therapy has not yet been established. The present case study suggested the above combination treatment is useful and safe, and capable of changing the fulminant course of EBV-AHS during pregnancy without the use of anticancer drugs.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1999

Re-assessment of stage I uterine cervical carcinoma according to revised JSGO (1997) staging.

BACKGROUND: The Japanese Society of Gynecologist and Obstetrician (JSGO) revised criteria for early uterine cervical cancer. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we investigated the value of the revised JSGO criteria. METHOD: Retrospective review was performed for 70 patients with tumors limited to the uterine cervix who were classified stage I under old JSGO criteria. RESULT: Forty patients were re-classified into stage IA1 and 4 patients into stage IA2. Incidence of lymph-vascular infiltration (LVI) in stage IA1 and IA2 were 5% and 25%. There was one patient with stage IA1 disease who had nodal metastasis and no patients with stage IA2 disease. There were 14 patients with stage IB1 disease and 12 patients with stage IB2 disease. Mortality of patients with stage IB2 disease was 25% and significantly higher than that of patients with stage IA and IB1 disease (P<0.001 and <0.05) CONCLUSION: Although the revised JSGO criteria for early cervical cancer are acceptable for assessment of patients, the therapy of patients is still controversial. We recommend that patients with stage IA1 and negative LVI should have less radical hysterectomy and patients with stage IA1 with LVI or stage IA2, IB should have radical hysterectomy.

Adult↗