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Biomedical subjects

A Sapino

Publications and source records attributed to A Sapino.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Diagnostic cytological features of neuroendocrine differentiated carcinoma of the breast.

Neuroendocrine (NE) features characterize a minority of carcinomas of the breast corresponding to definite subtypes, which cover a wide spectrum of differentiation. Breast metastases from NE tumours of gastrointestinal origin are not rare, and to determine whether NE carcinomas in the breast could be differentiated from other tumours on fine needle aspiration (FNA) we analysed the cytological features of 13 primary NE breast carcinomas of different types (7 carcinoid-like, 5 mucinous and 1 solid spindle cell). Smears of carcinoid-like carcinomas showed specific features that made it possible to differentiate them from other primary tumours, but not from breast metastases of NE carcinomas. These features were: cell clusters with rigid borders, single cells with a plasmacytoid appearance and peripheral cytoplasmic granules evident on Giemsa staining and immunoreactive for chromogranin A. In mucinous NE carcinomas such granules were less apparent, and the cytological features could have been mistaken for those of fibroadenomas, as in the case of non-NE mucinous carcinomas. The solid spindle cell type showed noncohesive fusiform cells and moderate nuclear pleomorphism, a pattern similar to that of atypical carcinoids of the lung.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1998

Potential angiogenic role of platelet-activating factor in human breast cancer.

This study investigated the presence of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in the lipid extracts of 18 primary breast carcinomas and 20 control breast tissues. The amount of PAF detected in breast carcinomas was significantly higher than in controls. The mass spectrometric analysis of PAF-bioactive lipid extract from breast carcinomas showed the presence of several molecular species of PAF, including C16-alkylPAF, C18-lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), C16-LPC, lyso-PAF, and C16-acylPAF. The amount of bioactive PAF extracted from breast specimens significantly correlated with tumor vascularization revealed by the number of CD34-and CD31-positive cells. As C16-alkylPAF was previously shown to induce angiogenesis in vivo, we evaluated whether the thin layer chromatography-purified lipid extracts of breast specimens elicited neoangiogenesis in a murine model of subcutaneous Matrigel injection. The lipid extracts from specimens of breast carcinoma containing high levels of PAF bioactivity, but not from breast carcinomas containing low levels of PAF bioactivity or from normal breast tissue, induced a significant angiogenic response. This angiogenic response was significantly inhibited by the PAF receptor antagonist WEB 2170. T47D and MCF7 breast cancer cell lines, but not an immortalized nontumor breast cell line (MCF10), released PAF in the culture medium. A significant in vivo neoangiogenic response, inhibited by WEB 2170, was elicited by T47D and MCF7 but not by MCF10 culture medium. These results indicate that an increased concentration of PAF is present in tumors with high microvessel density and that PAF may account for the neoangiogenic activity induced in mice by the lipid extracts obtained from breast cancer. A contribution of PAF in the neovascularization of human breast cancer is suggested.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Malignant phyllodes tumor of breast with lung metastases mimicking the primary.

We report a case of recurrent malignant phyllodes tumor with liposarcomatous transformation metastasizing to the lung. The unusual feature of this case was that the metastases reproduced the primary tumor and contained ductal structures and elements of sarcoma. The origin of the ductal structures in the lung metastases was confirmed to be from the phyllodes tumor, on the basis of their immunophenotype. The epithelial cells were positive for steroid receptors and GCDFP-15, and the myoepithelial cells were positive for anti-smooth-muscle-specific proteins. We also reevaluated by immunohistochemistry a case of phyllodes tumor previously published by West et al., allegedly containing epithelial structures of supposed breast origin within lung metastases. The epithelial component was shown to consist of entrapped alveolar lining cells.

Actins↗
PubMed1998

[Actinomycosis of the tongue. Report of two cases and review of the literature].

Actinomycosis of the tongue is a rare form of infection whose initial clinical manifestation is a submucosal swelling that may mimic both benign and malignant neoplasias. Two cases are, presented and their clinical features and diagnostic criteria are discussed in the light of twelve cases drawn from the literature. Infection in the tongue is rare, though perhaps underestimated. It is generally located on the anterior two thirds laterally to the median sulcus, and presents as a moderately painful nodule set deep in the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles and poorly mobile on the adjacent planes. In a few weeks the lesion increases in size and painfulness with consequent loss of function in the absence of diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic management. Both our patients, in fact, presented with deep lesions and no apparent involvement of the mucosa, and were investigated by means of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). The aspirated material was used to prepare both routine smears and cell blocks embedded in paraffin. The pathological material provided by this combination of methods proved quantitatively and qualitatively sufficient for the definitive diagnosis of actinomycosis in both cases.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1998

[Serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary with simultaneous breast metastases. Description of a case].

Metastasis to the breast from extramammary malignancies are rare especially from ovarian carcinoma. We report a case of a 72-year-old woman with a mass in the right ovary and a lump in the left breast together with axillary lymph node enlargement. Both the ovarian and mammary neoplasms were found to be papillary carcinoma with similar immunohistochemical pattern (anti-CA-125: positive; anti-GCDFP-15: negative); some of the axillary lymph nodes showed metastasis with papillary features. On the basis of clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical data we proposed the diagnosis of papillary cystoadenocarcinoma of the ovary with simultaneous metastasis to the breast and axillary lymph nodes.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Oxytocin inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB231 human breast-cancer cells via cyclic adenosine monophosphate and protein kinase A.

Oxytocin (OT) inhibits the proliferation of breast-cancer cells in vitro via a specific G-coupled receptor. To elucidate the intracellular mechanism involved in this biological effect, different G-coupled receptor mediators have been investigated in untreated and OT-treated MDA-MB231 breast-carcinoma cells. In these cells, after OT treatment, a significant cAMP increase was observed using a radioimmunoassay procedure, whereas the Ca2+ (determined with the fluorescent probe fura-2) and the inositol phosphate (determined after cell labeling with myo(2-(3)H)-inositol) concentrations were not modified, contrary to what has been observed in myometrial and myo-epithelial cells. The PKA inhibitor PKI (6-22) amide reverted the effect of OT, indicating that the anti-proliferative effect of the peptide is strictly related to the cAMP-PKA pathway. OT treatment did not modify tyrosine phosphorylation either. Our results indicate that in breast epithelial cells devoid of contractile activity, cAMP is the intracellular mediator of OT action, whereas the Ca2+-phosphoinositide system is not involved.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1996

Oxytocin and oxytocin-analogue F314 inhibit cell proliferation and tumor growth of rat and mouse mammary carcinomas.

The effects of oxytocin (OT) and the OT-analogue F314 were investigated an xenografts of mouse mammary and colon carcinomas (TS/A and C26 tumors) and of rat mammary carcinoma (D-R3230AC). In all cases, proliferation was previously assessed by cell counting in cultured cell lines, whereas tumor growth was checked by serial measures of tumor volume and by evaluation of tumor weight at the end of the experiment. Both cell proliferation and tumor growth were inhibited by OT and F314. These data support previous observations on the inhibitory effect of OT and F314 on the growth of MCF7, T47D and MDA-MB231 human breast cancer cell lines and open new prospects for testing the effect of this hypothalamic hormone and its analogues on the control of breast carcinoma growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Pleural epidermoid carcinoma from displaced skin following extrapleural pneumothorax in a patient exposed to asbestos.

This report illustrates a rare case of primary epidermoid carcinoma of the pleura in a patient previously treated by artificial extrapleural pneumothorax for active tuberculosis. The patient had also been occupationally exposed to asbestos. Light microscopic examination showed two different lesions: laminar pleural fragments were covered by normal squamous epithelium that was similar in all respects to epidermis, whereas nodular fragments were composed of well-differentiated infiltrating carcinoma. These findings support the hypothesis that the carcinoma arose from normal epidermis seeded in the pleural cavity during multiple air refills to maintain the pneumothorax. A possible interaction between asbestos fibres and chronic inflammation might have potentiated tumour development.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Immunolocalization and gene expression of oxytocin receptors in carcinomas and non-neoplastic tissues of the breast.

Recent evidence indicates that oxytocin (OT), in addition to the induction of myometrial and myoepithelial cell contraction, can influence proliferation and differentiation in developing mammary glands and in breast cancer cells, hence the interest in detecting and locating OT receptors (OTRs). We produced rabbit antisera and a monoclonal antibody against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the carboxy terminus of the predicted OTR sequence. We tested their specificity in immunoblasts and immunocytochemical tests. All of the antibodies specifically stained myometrium (at term of pregnancy). In the human breast, OTRs were detected in myoepithelial cells along ducts of normal lobules and in sclerosing adenosis. Intraductal cells in benign hyperplastic lesions were also positive. OTRs were demonstrated in cases of primary and metastatic carcinomas of the breast. In the same tissues, OTR gene expression was shown by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction procedures detecting the specific mRNA. These results suggest that the interaction between OT and its receptors might play a role in the origin and evolution of non-neoplastic lesions and carcinomas of the breast.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

[Acute diverticulitis of the appendix. A clinical case].

The authors describe a case of acute diverticulitis of the appendix presenting as an inflammatory mass in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. The histologic and clinical findings are discussed. This uncommon condition may mimic acute appendicitis, but in most instances it departs from typical appendicitis for later age of appearance, more indolent clinical course and increased tendency to perforation. In these cases the disease may progress with subacute interstitial inflammation, with or without abscess formation, and present as a tumor-like mass of the cecum.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Mitogenic effect of the 15-kDa gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP-15) on breast-cancer cell lines and on immortal mammary cells.

The biological significance of a major protein component in the fluid of gross cystic breast disease and a recognized marker of apocrine metaplasia, i.e. the 15-kDa glycoprotein (GCDFP-15), is presently unknown. We have added GCDFP-15 to cell culture medium and tested its effect on proliferation of 4 human breast-cancer cell lines (MCF7, BT474, MDA-MB231 and T47D) and a "normal" human immortal breast-cell line (MCF10A). These breast-cell lines showed a mitogenic response to GCDFP-15 (10 micrograms/ml). GCDFP-15 enhanced cell growth of the MCF10A, MCF7, BT474 and MDA-MB231 cell lines at both 48 and 96 hr of exposure. The glycoprotein exerted a mitogenic effect on the T47D cell line at 48 hr but not at 96 hr. This may be due to an auto-regulatory effect of endogenous GCDFP-15 synthesized by the T47D cells. GCDFP-15 was ineffective on 2 colon-cancer cell lines (HT29 and NIC-H716), on the IMR32 neuroblastoma cell line and on the NIC-H209 small-cell lung carcinoma cells. A separate major breast cystic disease fluid protein of 24 kDa (GCDFP-24) was tested, following the same experimental design, on the 5 breast-cell lines, and showed no mitogenic activity. The mitogenic effect of GCDFP-15 observed in this study in both "normal" and malignant breast epithelial cells suggests a possible relationship between apocrine metaplasia in breast cystic disease and the development of breast epithelial hyperplasia. In addition, a possible role of GCDFP-15 in breast-cancer progression should be considered.

Apolipoproteins↗
PubMed1995

Intranodular reactive endothelial hyperplasia in adenomatous goitre.

Endothelial hyperplasia has rarely been recognized in the thyroid. Ischaemic events or hemorrhage, sometimes as a result of fine needle aspiration procedures, have been regarded as possible causes. To clarify the morphological pattern and the clinical significance of this lesion, we studied a series of adenomatous goitres and selected 11 cases showing prominent endothelial hyperplasia in an individual nodule. Grossly, the parenchyma of the affected nodule was substituted by greyish, friable tissue surrounded by a fibrous capsule and by a thin rim of residual thyroid parenchyma. Microscopically, fibrinous and haemorrhagic material was crossed by intercommunicating vascular channels or papillary structures. These were lined by plump endothelial cells. In only one case had pre-operative fine needle aspiration biopsy been performed: smears yielded a haemorrhagic background, fibrin and numerous elongated cells; colloid and follicular cells were virtually absent. In both surgical and cytological specimens a differential diagnosis with a vascular neoplasm, a rare occurrence in the thyroid, was taken into consideration. We conclude that intranodular reactive endothelial hyperplasia is a relatively common occurrence (1.6%) in adenomatous goitre and is of diagnostic interest in both surgical and cytological specimens, since it can mimic vascular tumours and may lead to unnecessary treatment if misdiagnosed.

Endothelium↗
PubMed1995

Hemangioma of the rib. A case report.

A case of hemangioma of the left twelfth rib is presented. clinical presentation, radiologic appearance and differential diagnosis with other vascular tumors of the bone are discussed, along with a review of the literature.

Bone Neoplasms↗