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Biomedical subjects

A Sanson

Publications and source records attributed to A Sanson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Transient versus stable behavior problems in a normative sample: infancy to school age.

Identified 3 subgroups of children from a prospective longitudinal study of temperament and development: (a) those with stable, (b) transient, or (c) no-behavior problems, as rated by mothers across the toddler, preschool, and preparatory school grade periods. Children with stable behavior problems were particularly characterized by more difficult temperament, mothers' overall perception of the child as difficult, and aggressive behavior in the 2- to 4-year age period. Group differences were linear rather than categorical with transient behavior problem children showing a lesser degree of difficulty. In a second study where more comprehensive child and family measures were available, temperament was again an important discriminator, with Vineland Adaptive Behavior Composite Score, mothers' overall perception of the child's temperament, and maternal psychological health and stress factors also more adverse for the stable group. However, correct classification of the members of these groups using a combination of the above variables was not impressive.

Child↗
PubMed1992

[The monitoring of plasma digoxin levels during acute digitalis poisoning treated with Fab anti-digoxin fragments].

Life-threatening digitalis intoxication is treated using digoxin specific antibody fragments (Fab) that bind and inactivate the drug. The free digoxin serum concentration could be useful in the management of Fab-treated patients, but the standard methods of measurement can be clinically misleading because Fab anti-digoxin interferes with digitalis immunoassay measurements. A case involving Fab therapy of a digoxin overdosed patient, in which two laboratory methods gave very different results, is reported. The radioimmunologic assay (RIA), widely used in laboratories, yielded high values without relation to true serum free digoxin concentration. On the contrary, the recently introduced fluoroenzymatic sequential immunoassay (FEIA), which accurately measures free glycoside concentration, was a valuable aid in monitoring Fab treatment. Therefore, cardiologists' knowledge of a possible interference of specific anti-digoxin fragment treatment with many immunoassays may greatly enhance the rational management of these patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Echocardiographic findings in one case of Swyer-James syndrome.

The Swyer-James syndrome is an uncommon disease. The main finding is a hyperlucent lung with small hilar shadows on chest x-ray. This is due to a decrease in pulmonary artery size at its origin and in the number and size of pulmonary branches. Pulmonary angiography is the standard method for diagnosis. We report a case of a unilateral hyperlucent lung in which the diagnosis was suggested by an echocardiographic evaluation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Risk indicators: assessment of infancy predictors of pre-school behavioural maladjustment.

The prediction of later outcome from factors present in infancy has been an ongoing concern, with difficult temperament frequently being posited as one important risk factor. Using data from a longitudinal study of a large representative sample of children, and a categorical approach to analysis, a set of infancy risk factors covering within-child, environmental and relationship variables was related to behavioural and emotional adjustment at 4-5 years. Single risk factors, including difficult temperament, resulted in only modest increases in the prevalence of later maladjustment. However, certain combinations of risk factors were associated with markedly increased prevalence rates. The results indicate the cumulative effects of risk factors, and the need to consider temperament within a contextual framework.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1991

Temperament and behavior of preterm infants: a six-year follow-up.

To test the commonly held premise that prematurity is a risk factor for problems of behavior and social interaction, as well as cognitive and physical development, temperament and behavior of children born preterm and full-term control subjects were compared at five separate time periods from infancy through early school age. All the preterm infants (n = 126) of a representative group of infants enrolled in a longitudinal study (n = 2443) were surveyed at 4 to 8 months corrected age. Subsamples of the group were studied further in successive years as young toddlers (n = 65), older toddlers (n = 60), preschoolers (n = 84), and at early school age (n = 81). At each period there were no differences between those studied and those not studied on socioeconomic status, gestational age, sex, or birth order. Parental ratings of temperament and behavior were used at appropriate ages: the Revised Infant Temperament Questionnaire, the Toddler Temperament Scale, the Childhood Temperament Questionnaire, Behaviour Checklist, Preschool Behaviour Questionnaire, and Rutter's Childhood Behaviour Questionnaire (CBQ), as well as mother's overall rating of temperament. In infancy there were no significant differences on temperament dimensions, clinical temperament categories, or parental ratings of individual or composite behaviors between the preterm and full-term groups. For toddlers, temperament scores were similar for the two groups but preterm subjects were significantly more likely (P less than .01) to have an easy temperament and less likely to have a difficult temperament. There were no differences on any of the other temperament or behavior ratings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child Behavior↗
PubMed1990

Assessment of temperament in the toddler age group.

We used the Toddler Temperament Scale with large representative samples of younger (mean age = 20.5 months; N = 1188) and older (mean age = 35.4 months; N = 1360) Australian toddlers. There were significant sex differences on 6 of the temperament dimensions for the young group, and on 5 of the 9 dimensions for the older group. Older boys were also more likely to be categorized clinically as having a "difficult" temperament and less likely to have an "easy" temperament. Each group was divided into quartiles according to socioeconomic status. For the younger toddlers there were significant differences in 3 of 9 temperament dimensions, and for the older group there were significant differences in 7 of 9 dimensions. Groups with higher socioeconomic status had temperament ratings which were more likely to make them easier to manage, and to be categorized clinically as having an easy temperament, but toddlers with low socioeconomic status were more likely to have a difficult temperament. There were significant differences in temperament dimension scores between Australian toddlers and those studied in an American setting. These results indicate that toddler temperament ratings differ according to age, sex, social class, and cultural context. Great caution needs to be taken in interpreting individual temperament profiles utilizing comparison data obtained from different sociocultural settings. Future temperament "norms" may need to specify characteristics of the group of children from which they were derived to allow more valid comparisons.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Improvement of left ventricular function in chronic alcoholics following abstinence from ethanol.

Preclinical abnormalities of left ventricular function are frequently found in chronic alcoholics. In 12 chronic alcoholics without cardiomyopathy and in 12 healthy controls, systolic time intervals and echocardiograms were investigated before and after 12 months of abstinence from alcohol. In chronic alcoholics, an increase was found in the PEP/LVET ratio (0.31 +/- 0.06; in controls 0.24 +/- 0.05; t = 3.11; p less than 0.005), the diastolic interventricular septal thickness (6.0 +/- 2.0 mm/m2; in controls 4.1 +/- 1.0; t = 2.95; p less than 0.01), the left ventricular wall thickness (6.3 +/- 1.0 mm/m2; in controls 4.9 +/- 1.0; t = 3.43; p less than 0.005) and the left ventricular diastolic dimension (29 +/- 4 mm/m2; in controls 26 +/- 3; t = 2.08; p less than 0.05). The left ventricular mass (135 +/- 33 g/m2; in controls 113 +/- 40; t = 1.47) did not differ from the controls. After 12 months of abstinence a significant decrease was found in the PEP/LVET ratio (0.26 +/- 0.05, i.e. -16%; t = 3.59; p less than 0.005), the diastolic interventricular septal thickness (4.7 +/- 0.9 mm/m2, i.e. -22%; t = 2.73; p less than 0.02), the left ventricular posterior wall thickness (5.6 +/- 1.0 mm/m2, i.e. -11%; t = 4.08; p less than 0.001) and the left ventricular mass (109 +/- 24 g/m2, i.e. -21%; t = 6.53; p less than 0.001). The left ventricular diastolic dimension (27 +/- 2 mm/m2, i.e. -7%; t = 1.3) did not change. In conclusion, in chronic alcoholics, the abstinence from alcohol can be followed by an improvement of left ventricular function.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Temperament in Australian toddlers.

A revised validated version of the Toddler Temperament Scale (TTS) was used to develop normative data for temperament in Australian toddlers. Results confirm the accepted practice of dividing the group into younger and older toddlers, with normative data reported for those younger and older than 24 months. The TTS can be used above the normal cut-off age of 36 months. Care must be taken with interpretation of temperament scores, especially when comparing children of different backgrounds.

Australia↗
PubMed1988

Temperament and behavioural adjustment in hearing impaired children.

Temperament and behavioural adjustment were assessed in 26 hearing impaired pre-school children. By comparison with normally hearing children the clinical group was rated by their mothers as having a more difficult temperament, but no greater level of behaviour problems. Teachers of these children rated them as less well adjusted overall and specifically, more anxious compared with a normative group. Mothers of hearing impaired children showed elevated levels of anxiety, depression and overall problem scores on the General Health Questionnaire and the latter variable was the best predictor of rated behaviour problems in their children. Teacher rating of behaviour problems was best predicted by their rating of the child's temperament. Greater support for mothers of hearing impaired children is suggested as important in preventing behavioural maladjustment in this handicapped group.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1986

Visual and auditory attention performance in hyperactive children: competence or compliance.

The effect of self-control and compliance on the attentional performance of hyperactive children was assessed. Visual and auditory attention tasks were presented in conditions in which the experimenter was either absent and therefore not imposing external control, or present and therefore imposing some degree of control. There was no difference in performance between hyperactives and controls when the experimenter was present, but the hyperactives' performance showed a greater deterioration than controls when the experimenter was absent. The amount of movement displayed during the tasks was greater for hyperactives and increased more for this group during experimenter-absent conditions. The results support the contention that noncompliance is a major contributor to the poor performance of hyperactive children, which can be seen as an "application" deficit rather than an "ability" deficit. These findings have relevance for the current debate on the association between hyperactivity and conduct disorder, and from an applied perspective they serve to stress the importance of situational contributors to the problem behaviors of hyperactive children.

Attention↗
PubMed1986

Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity: a critique.

The DSM III category of Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity is considered within a framework of Rutter's (1977) outline of criteria for adequacy of psychiatry classification. Discussion of problems with the operationalization and definition of 'attention deficit' and the difficulty of using this rubric in distinguishing between ADDH and other related childhood disorders, along with the consequent failure to meet other important criteria, leads to the conclusion that the concept needs re-appraisal.

Arousal↗
PubMed1986

Temperament of preterm versus full-term infants.

The temperament of a group of preterm infants (n = 126) was studied as part of a large, longitudinal study of infant temperament and behavior in a representative sample of Australian infants (n = 2443). Utilizing the Infant Temperament Questionnaire of Carey and McDevitt, previously revised and validated for an Australian population, ratings were made at 4 to 8 months corrected age, and data for the preterm group (less than 37 weeks gestation) were compared to those infants born at term (37 to 41 weeks). There were no significant differences between the two groups on any of the sociodemographic variables, on the mother's global rating of temperament, or on the reported incidence of colic, sleep problems, and excessive crying. There were also no differences between premature and full-term infants on any of the individual dimensions or clinical categories of temperament. We conclude that prematurity per se does not affect observed temperament at 4 to 8 months. However, we cannot extend these conclusions to high-risk infants who experience medical complications of prematurity, and who require intensive care for prolonged periods of time. These may represent an entirely different category of risk for subsequent difficult temperament and behavior problems.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Auditory attentional abilities in hyperactive children.

Using dichotic monitoring procedures, various aspects of auditory attention were examined in hyperactive children and matched normal controls. Hyperactive children did not show deficits in the ability to sustain attention, although signal detection analysis showed some lowered capacity in both focused and selective attention to targets. Subsamples of learning-disabled and neurologically impaired hyperactive children showed minimal impairment of auditory attentional capacities. It was argued that more evidence concerning task and situational effects is needed before it can be claimed that hyperactive children show attention deficits.

Attention↗
PubMed1983

Language lateralization in specific reading retarded children and backward readers.

In this study, language lateralization in subgroups of disabled readers was investigated using a dichotic monitoring task. The Rutter and Yule classification of specific reading retarded and backward reading groups was used to obtain subgroups of 10 to 12 year old boys with reading difficulties. No abnormalities of language lateralization were shown in either group when compared with controls; all showed the usual right ear advantage on this task. Furthermore neither of the reading disabled groups showed any deficiency in the ability to divide and sustain their attention to the task as shown by a signal detection analysis and comparison of performance over time. It can be claimed with some confidence that in a highly structured task of this nature reading disabled children show no abnormalities in either laterality or attentional processes.

Attention↗