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Biomedical subjects

A Samanta

Publications and source records attributed to A Samanta.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The prevalence of diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus in whites and Indian Asian immigrants in Leicester city, UK.

The prevalence of diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) during 1989 in the adult Indian Asian and White populations of the city of Leicester has been determined. Fifty cases (19 Asian, 31 White) fulfilling the 1982 revised ARA criteria for SLE were identified from a population of 191,469 (37,684 Asian, 153,785 White). Five different sources were used to ascertain cases. The overall prevalence of SLE in Whites was 20.2 per 100,000. Asians of both sexes had a significantly higher prevalence than Whites. Prevalence in males was 31.5 and 7.0 per 100,000 in Asians and Whites respectively; in females the figures were 69.7 and 31.7 per 100,000. Overall, lupus was 3.0 times more common in Asians than Whites. This is the first prevalence study of SLE in Indian Asians and suggests that, like the Black races and the Chinese, they have a greater frequency of SLE than Whites.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Sulphasalazine therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: qualitative changes in lymphocytes and correlation with clinical response.

Clinical and immunological parameters in 14 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving sulphasalazine (SASP) were evaluated, to determine whether their clinical response was reflected by any quantitative changes in their peripheral blood lymphocytes after 12 weeks. Whilst disease activity markers fell significantly, no such changes were noted in the percentage or absolute numbers of lymphocytes or their subsets. The lymphocytes of a further 21 patients before and after receiving SASP for 12 weeks were then studied qualitatively. The suppression mediated by in vitro SASP on ex vivo PHA stimulated lymphocytes showed a decrease at 12 weeks. This change was more marked and reached statistical significance only in those patients who showed a good clinical response. It is postulated that this may in some way be related to expression of activation markers and concomitant SASP binding.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1991

Isolation and characterization of a neu protein-specific activating factor from human ATL-2 cell conditioned medium.

The rat neu gene product is a 185 kD membrane bound tyrosine kinase that is closely related to, yet distinct from the epidermal growth factor receptor. The biochemical and cellular effects of a neu protein-specific activating factor (NAF) detected in human ATL-2 cell conditioned medium were recently described (1). To further characterize NAF, some of its physicochemical properties were examined and a method for purifying this factor from ATL-2 cell conditioned medium was developed. In these studies NAF was found to be heat stable and sensitive to the protease chymotrypsin. In addition, a method for purifying this activity was developed using a quantifiable, in vitro autophosphorylation assay system to measure NAF activity in fractions following ion-exchange and then reverse-phase HPLC.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1991

Primary pulmonary hypertension associated with systemic lupus erythematosus.

A 24-year-old West Indian woman with a four-year history of systemic lupus erythematosus presented with progressive dypsnoea due to primary pulmonary hypertension. Despite showing a response to vasodilators, these failed to control the condition. Her pulmonary hypertension increased in severity, eventually resulting in her death. We believe primary pulmonary hypertension to be an unusual complication of systemic lupus erythematosus. We suggest that this diagnosis should be considered in all patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and progressive dypsnoea, as optimum benefit can only be obtained by early institution of vasodilator therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A comparison of the clinical features and vascular complications of diabetes between migrant Asians and Caucasians in Leicester, U.K.

907 consecutive patients, (456 Asian and 451 Caucasian) were assessed, employing a similar methodology to the multi-centre WHO study. The Asians were older at diagnosis (46.5 years compared with 40.6 years, P less than 0.01); they had a shorter duration of diabetes (6.3 years versus 11.4 years, P less than 0.1), a higher rate of diabetes in the first degree relatives (29.5% compared with 16%, P less than 0.1), less ketonuria at presentation (85.3% compared with 47.8%, P less than 0.1), and fewer were treated with insulin (31.4% compared with 68.7%). Comparing the prevalence of complications between Asians and Caucasians, the ischaemic heart disease rate was similar; peripheral vascular disease was less (3.7% Asian, 9.3% Caucasian, P less than 0.05); retinopathy was less (11.6% Asian, 32.3% Caucasian, P less than 0.01) but renal disease was more (22.3% Asian, 12.6% Caucasian, P less than 0.01). After adjusting for age, sex, duration of diabetes, age at diagnosis, hypertension, smoking and treatment with or without insulin, these differences remained significant. Multivariate logistic regression failed to reveal a significant contribution due to any of the above variables, or due to body mass index (BMI), haemoglobin A (HbA1), or physical activity in the prevalence of complications in Asians compared with Caucasians. Marked heterogeneity in the complications of diabetes in the two ethnic groups studied was found, but must be confirmed from population-based studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Aplastic anaemia in systemic lupus erythematosus: a cellular immune mechanism?

Aplastic anaemia is a rare complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The mechanism is unclear but is thought to be related to an autoantibody to bone marrow precursors of haematopoiesis. We report a case of SLE related aplastic anaemia in which therapy with methylprednisolone and high dose cyclophosphamide followed by prednisolone and azathioprine resulted in complete clinical and haematological remission. Bone marrow cultures showed inhibition of erythropoiesis when incubated with acute and remission serum. Myeloid colony growth was not affected by either serum. The serum inhibitor we demonstrated was only active in vitro, and we postulate that the mechanism for marrow aplasia may have been an autoimmune cellular process.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

High prevalence of systemic disease and mortality in Asian subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus.

All patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (American Rheumatism Association criteria with positive antinuclear antibody titre) and who attended any of the three general hospitals in Leicester over a 10 year period were ascertained using several complementary sources. Eighty seven subjects (26 Asian, 61 white) were identified. The estimated prevalence of SLE in Leicester is 0.4/1000 for Asian and 0.2/1000 for white subjects. Mean age of onset of the disease was 24 years in Asian and 31 years in white subjects, with both groups showing a female preponderance. Proteinuria (greater than 1 g/24 h) was noted in 15 (58%) Asian and 21 (35%) white subjects; neuropsychiatric disease in 10 (38%) Asian and 8 (13%) white subjects; myalgic symptoms with raised muscle enzymes in 9 (35%) Asian and 3 (5%) white subjects. Nineteen (73%) Asian subjects were positive for extractable nuclear antigens as well, at some stage of their disease, compared with 6 (10%) white subjects. Immunosuppressive treatment was required in 12 (46%) Asian and 12 (20%) white subjects, and deaths of seven Asian and five white subjects were attributed to SLE. These findings show that Asian subjects have a higher prevalence of SLE with greater systemic disease and mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Gastric hemorrhage and Kaposi's sarcoma treated with radiotherapy.

A 66-year-old man, with advanced alcoholic liver disease with Kaposi's sarcoma involving the stomach and the skin of the lower extremities, developed upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. He was treated with radiation therapy to the stomach and the skin with rapid resolution of the gastric lesions, as demonstrated by serial endoscopy.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

An audit of patients attending a general medical follow-up clinic.

Of the 418 consecutive patients attending a general medical clinic for follow-up, 113 (27%) had appointments in another medical clinic for the same or a related problem; 98 of them (87%) were attending a clinic in a different hospital. The reasons for multiple clinic attendance were routine follow-up after hospital admission in 55 (49%), referrals from general practitioners to more than one clinic in 33 (30%), and cross-referrals from the 'parent' medical firm in 19 (17%). In six patients no clear reason for multiple attendances could be identified. More than half (55%) were over 65 years old, 45% lived more than five miles from the hospital, and 78% depended on ambulance, friends, or relatives for transport. We suggest that follow-up attendances at outpatient clinics should be stringently reviewed and should only be maintained if a clear reason can be identified. This would not only ensure a more effective service overall but would also save patients and relatives from inconvenience.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Accidental self administration of xylazine in a veterinary nurse.

A 19 year old male veterinary nurse accidentally injected himself with 200 mg of xylazine (a muscle relaxant and sedative used in veterinary practice). He subsequently became comatose, hypotensive, bradycardic and acidotic. He required intensive supportive therapy, and made a full recovery over the next few hours. Xylazine toxicity in humans is very rare, and the effects are discussed.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1990

A clinical audit of thallium-technetium subtraction parathyroid scans.

Eighty six consecutive thallium-technetium subtraction parathyroid scans performed over a three year period for hypercalcaemia have been evaluated. Twelve had chronic renal failure, 11 had hypercalcaemia due to non-hyperparathyroid causes and in 10 the imaging study was technically inadequate. The remaining 53 technically adequate studies performed for hypercalcaemia clinically thought to be possibly due to hyperparathyroidism have been analysed. Of 20 (38%) positive scans, 13 came to surgery (10 correctly localized parathyroid adenomas, 2 with multiple gland hyperplasia, and 1 papillary carcinoma of the thyroid). Of 33 (62%) negative scans, 9 had surgical exploration on the basis of strong clinical grounds and all had parathyroid adenomas. Multiple biochemical parameters have been assessed in relation to a positive outcome on scan. The adjusted calcium-phosphate product and the ratio of the adjusted calcium-phosphate product to creatinine (Ca x P/Cr) were both significantly lower in the scan positive group (P less than 0.01). The scan positive group had a significantly higher mean level of PTH (P less than 0.001) and lower mean level of phosphate (P less than 0.001). The present experience shows that parathyroid imaging is useful in localizing parathyroid adenomas in 50% of cases (10 out of 19). This figure is at the lower end of the range of previously published results. It is less effective in demonstrating multiple gland hyperplasia. The decision as to whether to undertake surgical exploration when the scan is negative has been based successfully on clinical judgement. We feel that an analysis of this nature is important, as it gives insights into the practical relevance of parathyroid imaging in the context of routine clinical work.

Adenoma↗