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Biomedical subjects

A Salvato

Publications and source records attributed to A Salvato.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Impaired endothelium-dependent vascular reactivity in patients with familial combined hyperlipidaemia.

BACKGROUND: Familial combined hyperlipidaemia (FCHL) is associated with a markedly increased risk of premature coronary artery disease. This study was designed to evaluate whether preclinical atherosclerotic functional abnormalities are detectable in the arteries of patients with FCHL. METHODS: 60 subjects were recruited for the study: 30 probands of families with FCHL (mean (standard deviation (SD)) age 48 (10) years, 77% men), defined by fasting total plasma cholesterol or triglyceride concentration >250 mg/dl (>6.5 mmol/l cholesterol, >2.8 mmol/l triglyceride) and by the occurrence of multiple lipoprotein phenotypes within a family, and 30 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls. All subjects underwent high-resolution B-mode ultrasound examination and the brachial arterial reactivity, a marker of endothelial function, was measured by a semiautomated computerised program. Lipid profile, resting blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, insulin and homocysteine levels were also determined. RESULTS: Compared with controls, patients with FCHL had significantly higher BMI, diastolic blood pressure and insulin levels. No difference was observed in baseline brachial diameter between the two groups (mean (SD) 3.45 (0.51) mm for FCHL v 3.60 (0.63) mm for controls; p = 0.17). In response to flow increase, the arteries of the controls dilated (mean (SD) 8.9% (4.9%), range 2.3-20.8%), whereas in the patients with FCHL, brachial arterial reactivity was significantly impaired (5.5% (2.5%), range 0-10.1%; p = 0.002). In multivariate linear regression analysis, apolipoprotein B and BMI were independent determinants of brachial artery response to reactive hyperaemia. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of our study suggest that vascular reactivity is impaired in the arteries of patients with FCHL.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Implant repositioning for esthetic reasons: a clinical report.

This article describes the correction of an unesthetic implant position that resulted from unexpected postpubertal growth. Surgical implant repositioning, a technique similar to single-tooth osteotomies, was used. The implant and surrounding bone were mobilized, and a green stick fracture was made on the buccal plate. With pivoting on the buccal plate, the implant was moved to a more palatal position and restored. Although some degree of asymmetry could still be detected, a satisfactory esthetic result was achieved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Etiopathogenic, clinical-diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of the burning mouth syndrome. Research and treatment protocols in a patient group].

BACKGROUND: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a frequently seen pathology characterised by burning tongue and oral pain without macroscopic structural lesions to the mucose. BMS etiopathology isn't known and therapy is merely empirical and unsatisfactory. METHODS: To evaluate the hypothesis that this syndrome would originate by a small diameter peripheral neuropathy combined to a mucosal trophic lesion, 37 patients, (7 male, 30 female, between 36 and 79 years, mean 54 years) affected by BMS, consecutively observed in our dispensary were submitted to a series of examinations and to therapeutical approach used in neuropathic painful syndromes. All patients were submitted to a complete stomatological exam and X-ray pantomography to exclude mucosal macroscopical lesions and dentistry illnesses. All patients executed sierological exams (glycemia, etc.), neurological exam, tongue and foot dorsum quantitative sensory examination, tongue and face telethermography. A few patients (3 male, 10 female; age 34 to 53, mean 49) were submitted to mucosal tongue biopsy, analyzed by optic microscopy and immunofluorescency following treatment with anticytoplasmatic neuronal proteins antibodies (protein gene product 9.5). RESULTS: These examinations showed subclinical polyneuropathy in 50% of patients. In particular, a loss of function in small diameter nervous fibres in about 50% of patients was observed. Histological examination of tongue mucose revealed a moderate atrophy in 70% patients. CONCLUSIONS: All patients were submitted to an antalgic therapy, with non-antiflammatory drugs used in neuropathic painful syndromes (quercetine, antiepileptic drugs benzodyazepinein and gabaergic, topical application of capsaicine solutions).

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Bacterial penetration through Resolut resorbable membrane in vitro. An histological and scanning electron microscopic study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of resorption and the pattern of bacterial collonisation of polyglycolic and polylactic resorbable membranes under controlled experimental conditions. A removable cobalt-chromium device was applied to the lower jaw of 5 students for a period of 4 weeks. 8 composite resin chambers were glued to the device, 4 on each side of the mouth. A small piece of PLA/PGA membrane separated the composite chambers into 2 parts. The subjects wore the devices 24 h a day, except for the time necessary for oral hygiene procedures, during which time, the structure was submerged in a 0.2% chlorexidine solution. Every week, 2 of the chambers were removed; one was processed for scanning electron microscopy, to be observed both on the external and internal surface, and the other one for light microscopy examination. Both the electron microscopic and histologic observations showed a progressive increase in the plaque layer on the external surface of the membrane during the period of observation. The light microscopy showed an early invasion of the membrane, starting about 1 week after the exposure. On all the 3- and 4-week specimens, a complete bacterial invasion over the whole thickness of the membrane was visible. After 3 weeks of plaque accumulation, bacterial colonisation of the inner portion of the membrane was detectable in all the specimens. At 3-weeks, we observed in the light microscopy group in 4 out of 5 specimens, a large reduction of the thickness of the material and small voids in the membrane structure. In 1 specimen, the membrane was no more detectable. Only in 5 specimens of the 4-week group was the membrane still recognizable, though reduced to fragments. In conclusion, once exposed to the oral cavity, the PLA/PGA membranes start to resorb in the early stages: this process concludes itself between the 3rd and 4th weeks of exposure. However, the particular conditions of the experimental design nevertheless classify this study as an in vitro, more than as an in vivo experimentation.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Sucralfate in odontostomatology. Clinical experience].

BACKGROUND: We here describe the pharmacological and pharmacodynamic characteristics of the molecule sucralfate, the aluminum subsalt of sucrose-8-sulphate, introduced in Japan in 1968 as a mucoprotector for the treatment of peptic ulcers. For many years, attempts have been made to broaden the therapeutic indications of this molecule as has happened in oral medicine. This paper describes the results of the clinical trials reported in the international literature which were designed to investigate the use of sucralfate in the treatment of mucositis secondary to radio- and/or chemotherapy and during the course of recurrent aphtous stomatitis (RAS). METHODS: The authors carried out a pilot study with the aim of testing the efficacy and the tolerability of two formulations of sucralfate (20% suspension and 1 gram chewable tablets) in a total of 28 patients [14 with RAS: group A; and 14 with burning mouth syndrome (BMS): group B]. Each group was further divided into two subgroups [A1, A2, B1, B2] of 7 patients each. RESULTS: The results obtained in the RAS patients were encouraging, with an improvement in symptomatology in respectively 71.4% and 42.8% of the patients in subgroups A1 and A2; a number of authors have previously suggested that this is due to a primarily mucoprotective mechanism similar to that occurring in patients with peptic ulcer. The results were less favourable in the BMS patients: symptoms improved in respectively 42.8% and 28.6% of the patients in subgroups B1 and B2, but worsened in 28.6% and 28.6% in teh same subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion we believe that sucralfate can be considered a valid therapeutic support in the context of the lenitive pharmacological protocols in which it is currently used, but our results do not allow a definitive judgement of its efficacy in patients with BMS.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Oral cavity diseases in HIV and AIDS infections. Clinical, preventive and therapeutic aspects].

Few people with HIV infection fail to experience oral opportunistic lesions during the course of their disease. These are several oral mucosa and salivary gland manifestations that were not seen before the AIDS epidemic, while others are more severe in this population. Oral lesions reflect HIV status and the stage of immunosuppression are important clinical elements in HIV staging and classification schemes: these elements raise pertinent questions about mucosal aspects of immunosuppression and provide therapeutic challenges. Their pervasive nature and biological significance emphasize the importance of a careful oral examination as part of the general clinical evaluation. Prevention and treatment of oral diseases are required to maintain and improve the lifestyle of the patients infected with HIV. Odontoiatric and stomatologic managements require a team approach and a close collaboration with the appropriate responsible physicians and other health care workers are necessary.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1996

Assessing the efficacy of three dentifrices in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity.

A multicenter clinical trial conducted by the authors compared the desensitizing efficacy of a new 5 percent potassium nitrate: 0.243 percent sodium fluoride dentifrice along with two clinically proven, commercially available desensitizing dentifrices to a placebo dentifrice. Sensitivity to cold air and tactile stimulation, along with patients' subjective assessments, were evaluated to assess the dentinal desensitizing efficacy of the test dentifrices. Results demonstrated that after four weeks, participants who used the new dentifrice formulation experienced significant decreases in dentinal sensitivity compared to the placebo group for all measured indexes.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[HIV infection. The risks for health providers and prevention and control measures].

The odontostomathologist and the dentist expose themselves to pathogenic agents present in the oral cavity. Taking in consideration at the present time the increasing number of seropositive patients, HIV infection and its pathogenic manifestations are of great interest. Considering that the main transmission of the virus is the ematic, the professional men who practise dentistry and the oral hygiene represent a particular risky class. For this reason they must adopt a series of preventive measures to protect themselves, their collaborators and the patient himself too.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1993

[Neoplasms of the maxillary sinus. The clinico-radiological considerations of dental interest].

Early diagnosis of the maxillary antrum carcinoma is of considerable difficulty. There are, however, signs and a refined symptomatology that the stomatologist can recognize when the tumour is still in its intrinsic form. Although the maxillary antrum tumors are rare, they present an extremely difficult diagnosis. The patient comes to us when the tumor has already invaded all the contiguous structures pertaining to the oral cavity. For early diagnosis we can avail ourselves, besides a conventional radiographic test, also of more specific analysis, as the computed tomography and radio therapy. These last image methodologies are also employed to establish a radiation treatment plan. Actually the best therapeutic treatment seems to be the multidisciplinary one, combining therapy with surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Treatment of polymerized resins. A new method].

The resins used at present to prepare removable orthodontic equipment have surface characteristics which do not always correspond to the operator's requirements. The Authors are proposing a new methodology of treatment of the orthodontic products which will improve the outlook, the hygienic aspect and quite probably its byocompatibility.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1988

Cardiac transplantation in Becker muscular dystrophy.

A 23-year-old man with X-linked Becker type muscular dystrophy underwent cardiac transplantation because of dilated cardiomyopathy which was complicated by terminal heart failure. Impairment of muscle function was mild and slowly progressive, whereas the cardiac disease was severe and rapidly progressive. All four chambers of the removed heart were grossly dilated; microscopically, the myocardial fibres were hypertrophic and pale; the nuclei exhibited pleomorphism with variability in nuclear size, shape, and depth of staining.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Dilated cardiomyopathy and successful cardiac transplantation in Becker's muscular distrophy. Follow-up after two years.

A 23 year-old man with x-linked Becker type muscular distrophy underwent cardiac transplantation because of dilated cardiomyopathy complicated by terminal heart failure. The muscular functional impairment was mild and slowly progressive, whereas the cardiac disease was severe and rapidly progressive. The ventricular cavities of the explanted heart were hugely dilated and the left ventricular wall thickness was moderately increased. Microscopically, a diffuse hypertrophy of the myocardial fibers and a widespread interstitial collagenous fibrosis were present. At a follow-up, two years after treatment, the patient is alive and fairly well; the degree of his muscular disability is substantially unchanged.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A hepatitis B vaccination programme in a group of dental practitioners.

A questionnaire concerning the acceptance of hepatitis B vaccination was mailed in April 1985 to 626 private dentists practicing in Milano and its county. Two hundred and twenty eight dentists (36.4%) filled out the questionnaire, 166 of them indicating their willingness to receive the vaccine. Between October 1985 and February 1986 we tested 241 practitioners for HBs antigen, anti-HBs and anti-HBc antibody, and SGPT (ALT) enzyme level. A 14.9% prevalence of HBV markers was found in the prevaccination testing. All persons with positivity for anti-HBs or HBsAg or with elevations of SGPT were excluded from the study (the latter temporarily). A few (42 or 20.9%) left spontaneously before the first dose of vaccine was administered. On the whole, 159 participants began the vaccination course. The proportion of vaccine recipients in dentists who indicated in the questionnaire their willingness to accept the vaccine and/or participated in a seroepidemiological survey performed in 1983 by some of us (85.1%) was significantly greater than that in the group of dentists who did neither (65.0%) (p less than 0.01). Educational effort appeared to be important to enroll and to counsel practitioners in implementing vaccination programme.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Hepatitis B virus infection in dentists and dental students.

To evaluate exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV) in dental operators, we surveyed 297 students of the Dental School, University of Milano, and 526 dentists registered at the Italian Dental Association (A.M.D.I.) of Lombardia. Out of 297 students, 10.8% had one or more serologic markers of HBV infection; none was hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive. No significant difference in seropositivity was detected among students in relation to sex, age, or possible risk factors investigated. Out of 526 practitioners, 2.3% were positive for HBsAg, and 37.3% were antibody positive. The seropositivity increased progressively with age and years of professional experience, reaching the highest proportion in dentists with 30 years or more of practice (79.3%). Of those who had suffered from clinical hepatitis during their curriculum, 81.1% were seropositive compared with 34.5% observed in dentists without a prior clinical history of viral hepatitis. The proportion of seropositive dentists did not vary significantly with a history of blood transfusion, size of their practice, presence or absence (or unawareness) of subjects at high risk for HBV infection among their patients. The seropositivity was significantly lower in dentists who routinely adopted mask and gloves (21.1%) compared with those who never and/or occasionally used such barriers (46.3%). The result of the study confirmed that hepatitis B does remain a significant hazard for dental professionals, hence immunization with hepatitis B vaccine should be delivered early in their employment.

Adolescent↗