Massive pleural effusion.
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Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde↗
Biomedical subjects
A Salih
Publications and source records attributed to A Salih.
Fluorescent pigments in corals are photoprotective.
All reef-forming corals depend on the photosynthesis performed by their algal symbiont, and such corals are therefore restricted to the photic zone. The intensity of light in this zone declines over several orders of magnitude--from high and damaging levels at the surface to extreme shade conditions at the lower limit. The ability of corals to tolerate this range implies effective mechanisms for light acclimation and adaptation. Here we show that the fluorescent pigments (FPs) of corals provide a photobiological system for regulating the light environment of coral host tissue. Previous studies have suggested that under low light, FPs may enhance light availability. We now report that in excessive sunlight FPs are photoprotective; they achieve this by dissipating excess energy at wavelengths of low photosynthetic activity, as well as by reflecting of visible and infrared light by FP-containing chromatophores. We also show that FPs enhance the resistance to mass bleaching of corals during periods of heat stress, which has implications for the effect of environmental stress on the diversity of reef-building corals, such as enhanced survival of a broad range of corals allowing maintenance of habitat diversity.
Animals↗
Vomiting and constipation in an elderly diabetic woman.
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Aged↗
Molluscicidal saponins from Catunaregam nilotica.
Two new saponins were isolated from the fruits of Catunaregam nilotica Stapf, syn. Lachnosiphonium nilotica; Randia nilotica; Xeromphis nilotica. Their structures were determined mainly by spectroscopic methods as 3- O-[O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)-O-[O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 -->3)]- beta-D-glucopyranosyl]oleanolic acid and 28-O-beta-D- glucopyranosyl-3-O-[O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)-O[O-beta-D- glucopyranosyl]-beta-D-glycopyranosyl]oleanolate. The monodesmosidic saponin is a potent molluscicide against the schistosomiasis transmitting snail Biomphalaria glabrata with a LC50 value of 3 ppm. In addition two known saponins, 3-O-[2', 3'-di-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-beta-D- glucopyranosyl]oleanolic acid and 3-O-[O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->3)- beta-D-glucopyranosyl]oleanolic acid, were identified and their molluscicidal activity determined, the LC50 values being 26 and 3 ppm, respectively. Initial molluscicidal screening of the crude water and ethanol extracts revealed 100% snail mortality at concentrations of 100 and 50 ppm, respectively. The haemolytic activity of the molluscicidal saponins was determined as well and the HC50 values towards bovine erythrocytes found to be 3 ppm for the new saponin, and 16 and 2 ppm, respectively, for the two known saponins.
Animals↗