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Biomedical subjects

A Sali

Publications and source records attributed to A Sali.

144 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Chenodeoxycholic acid: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use.

Chenodeoxycholic acid (chenic acid; CDCA) is 1 of the 3 major biliary bile acids in man. When administered in pharmacological doses it causes a decrease in cholesterol saturation of bile, which in turn may lead to gradual dissolution of cholesterol gallstones. The stone dissolution rate during CDCA therapy has varied considerably from about one-third of patients overall to 80 to 90% in a highly selected group of patients. Radiolucent gallstones in a functioning gallbladder are absolute requirements. CDCA is well tolerated; diarrhoea (sometimes requiring dosage reduction) is the only frequent side effect. Although hepatotoxicity has occurred in certain animal species, and slight hypertransaminasaemia has occurred in some patients, definite liver damage has not been observed in man. CDCA is considered contraindicated in pregnancy, and in those patients with the complications from gallstones which require immediate surgery. Care should be taken in patients with liver disease. The only other proven agent for dissolving gallstones is the 7 beta-epimer of CDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Preliminary results show that UDCA is as effective as CDCA, but at one-half to two-thirds the dose, without causing diarrhoea. Further studies need to be done with both CDCA and UDCA to improve criteria for selection of patients most likely to respond, and to establish optimum schedules for dosage and duration of treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Multiple primary cancers arising from different organs and tissues.

The simultaneous development of a lymphoma and an adenocarcinoma of the stomach in a patient is reported. This occurrence is exceedingly rare. Moreover, the presence of a third neoplasm in the axillary lymph nodes, manifested as secondaries from a squamous cell carcinoma, makes this case unique in the literature. The concept and postulated causes of multiple malignant tumours are discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Modern treatment of oesophageal strictures.

The results of 185 dilatations of oesophageal strictures with the rigid oesophagoscope are reported. The complication rate was 6%, which included five perforations (2.7%), and one death. The new technique of Eder-Puestow wire-guided dilatation was used in 20 cases without complication. These results, together with other reported experience of Eder-Puestow dilatation, suggest that this technique is superior to that of rigid dilatation on the grounds both of safety and of cost.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Tinidazole in the prevention of wound infection after elective colorectal surgery.

During the first six months of 1978, 71 patients were the subject of a controlled trial of the use of tinidazole for the prevention of wound infection after elective colonic surgery. The trial design was prospective, randomized and double-blind with tinidazole or placebo given at the last oral intake before operation. The objective endpoint of the trial was the presence or absence of wound infection manifested by pus. All patients underwent a standard preoperative preparation of bowel washouts, and a standardized surgical technique included, in all cases, the use of wound drainage. At the end of the trial there were three wound infections in 40 patients who were given tinidazole, and eleven wound infections in 31 patients who were given placebo. The difference in wound infection rate between these two groups is significant (x2 with Yates correction = 7.3; P less than 0.01).

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1978

Cancer of the pancreas in young adults.

Two young women with cancer of the pancreas are described. The rising incidence and epidemiology of this cancer is discussed. The need for tissue diagnosis and some new aspects of treatment of pancreatic cancer relevant to these cases are presented.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

The non-operative management of gallstones.

During the last decade the non-surgical management of gallbladder stones has become possible. Oral chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and more recently, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), have proved to be safe and effective. For the treatment of bile duct stones, various methods including flushing, chemical dissolution and mechanical procedures are now available. A combination of these techniques can be used in a logical sequence and should enable the successful treatment of most patients with bile ducts stones.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Aluminium hydroxide in bile-salt diarrhoea.

The treatment of choleraic diarrhoea remains a problem. Cholestyramine is effective but long-term treatment is often impracticable. In-vitro studies have shown that aluminium hydroxide has bile-acid-binding properties comparable with those of cholestyramine. The bile-acid-binding properties of aluminium hydroxide have now been investigated in vivo and applied to the treatment of patients with choleraic diarrhoea. Aluminium hydroxide increased the faecal bile-salt concentration of patients with a normal bowel habit whereas magnesium hydroxide had no effect. Eight patients with severe choleraic diarrhoea were treated with aluminium-hydroxide suspension: bowel motion became less frequent and daily faecal weight fell.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Diurnal variation in urinary oxalate.

The diurnal variation in urinary oxalate concentration and output was measured in 10 catheterised males. There was an increase in urinary oxalate concentration and output during the day and evening and an early morning decrease. It is thought that the daytime increase is related to dietary oxalate. These data suggest an elevated urinary oxalate excretion is more likely to occur during the day and a 24-hour urine collection may mask this effect.

Calcium↗