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Biomedical subjects

A Sahu

Publications and source records attributed to A Sahu.

134 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Food deprivation and ingestion induce reciprocal changes in neuropeptide Y concentrations in the paraventricular nucleus.

We have studied the effects on neuropeptide Y (NPY) concentration in six hypothalamic nuclei, viz. medial preoptic area (MPOA), paraventricular nucleus (PVN), median eminence (ME), arcuate nucleus (ARC), ventromedial nucleus (VMN) and dorsomedial nucleus (DMN) of food deprivation (FD) for 2, 3, or 4 days or FD for 4 days followed by one day ad lib food intake (FI) in male rats. Hypothalamic nuclei were microdissected by the technique of Palkovits and processed for measurement of NPY immunoreactivity by RIA. NPY-like immunoreactivity in the ME, VMN and DMN was unaffected by FD or FI, but the remaining three nuclei--the ARC, MPOA and NPY--displayed a different pattern of changes in NPY levels in response to either FD or FD followed by FI. In the ARC, NPY levels rose significantly at day 3 and 4 after FD and remained elevated even after one day of FI. In the MPOA, while FD for 4 days had no effect, NPY concentration increased significantly in response to FI. In contrast, in the PVN, a site implicated in the control of feeding behavior, the NPY response to FD and FI was markedly different. FD elicited a gradual, time-related increase in NPY levels to reach highest concentration on day 4 and thereafter, following one day of FI, NPY levels fell dramatically to the range found in control satiated rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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PubMedDate not supplied

Bilateral neural transections at the level of mesencephalon increase food intake and reduce latency to onset of feeding in response to neuropeptide Y.

Administration of neuropeptide Y (NPY) into the IIIrd ventricle of the rat brain induces robust ingestive behavior with a latency to onset of feeding (LOF) ranging from 12 to 20 min. Since substantial amounts of NPY found in hypothalamic sites that mediate the control of feeding behavior originate from the brain stem, we studied the effects of NPY on LOF and food intake in male and female rats after bilateral severing of brain stem NPY input to the hypothalamus at the level of the mesencephalon. NPY in doses of 117 pmol significantly increased food intake and decreased LOF in both male and female transected rats. Higher doses of 470 pmol NPY decreased only the LOF in transected rats as compared to sham control rats. Additionally, 117 pmol NPY in transected rats elicited food consumption equivalent to that produced by 470 pmol NPY in control rats. These studies show that decreases in NPY levels found in the paraventricular nucleus and neighboring hypothalamic sites as a result of these neural transections may render rats hyperresponsive to NPY, presumably due to denervation-induced hypersensitivity in these sites.

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PubMedDate not supplied

Cloning and purification of the rainbow trout fifth component of complement (C5).

To gain further insight into the evolutionary history of the complement proteins C3, C4, and C5 we have now cloned the fifth component of complement from a rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver cDNA library; this is the first report of C5 cloning in a species other than human and mouse. The deduced amino acid sequence of a partial cDNA clone (2.25kb), representing approximately 44% of the coding sequence, showed 60 and 58% similarity to human and mouse C5, respectively. To validate the molecular information derived from the cloning we developed an improved purification protocol. Mass spectrometric analysis of C5 tryptic digests yielded peptide signals that matched theoretical protein sequence derived from the partial cDNA. Northern blot analysis of RNA from various tissues showed the presence of a single mRNA transcript in trout liver and Southern blot analysis indicated that the gene coding for C5 is present as a single copy in the trout genome. The presence of C5 in trout suggests that C3, C4, and C5 must have diverged before the appearance of teleost fish.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis with rickets.

A 6-year-old child presented with generalized hyperkeratosis, most marked over the flexures; windswept deformity of the legs; and limping since 3 years. On the basis of the clinical, histopathologic and biochemical findings, he was diagnosed as a case of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis with rickets. He was treated with parenteral vitamin D3 and calcium supplements orally. Nutritional rickets has been reported in children with various types of ichthyosis like lamellar and X-linked types. We report this case of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis with rickets for its rarity.

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PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of long-term treatment of norethisterone (a progestogen-only contraceptive) on salivary gland activity of the cycling albino rat.

Effect of long-term treatment of norethisterone (a progestogen-only contraceptive) on the salivary glands of the cycling albino rats was evaluated from histomorphic and karyokinetic standpoints. Norethisterone increased concentration of zymogen granules in the serous acini and also of mucoid material in the mucous-containing acini in the submaxillary gland. In the parotid gland, the acini were hypertrophied, accompanied by cytoplasmic degranulation. In addition, the mitotic cells were seen in both the glands after the treatment. It is suggested that norethisterone perhaps stimulates the salivary gland activity of the rats.

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PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of long-term administration of norethisterone (a progestogen-only contraceptive) on the female genital tract of the albino rat.

Effect of norethisterone (a progestogen-only contraceptive) treatment (0.5 mg/rat daily for 75 days) on the genital tract (viz., ampulla, uterus, cervix and vagina) of cycling female rat was evaluated from histometric and karyokinetic investigations. Long-term administration of this synthetic progestin resulted in decrease of epithelial height in the ampulla and increase of epithelial height and/or epithelial per cent in the uterus (endometrium and uterine gland) and vagina. It also increased the uterine myometrical per cent with decrease in stromal per cent. Persistence of mucous layer in the cervix and vagina was markedly evident after norethisterone treatment. Norethisterone inhibited the mitotic rate in all the regions of the genital tract except in the uterine gland where it was increased. The findings suggest that norethisterone disturbs the normal physiology of the genital tract, thereby preventing conception in the albino rat.

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PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of chronic treatment of norethisterone (a progestogen-only contraceptive) on preputial gland activity of the female rat.

Long-term treatment of norethisterone (a progestogen-only contraceptive) at a daily dosage of 0.5 mg/rat for consecutive 75 days inhibited the preputial gland activity of the female albino rat. It was evident from the decreased mitotic rate as well as from the decline in the per cent of matured acini. It is suggested that chronic treatment of norethisterone perhaps also involves this gland in contraception in the rat.

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