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Biomedical subjects

A Sadeh

Publications and source records attributed to A Sadeh.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Activity-based sleep-wake identification: an empirical test of methodological issues.

The effects of actigraph placement and device sensitivity on actigraphic automatic sleep-wake scoring were assessed using concomitant polysomnographic and wrist actigraphic data from dominant and nondominant hands of 20 adults and 16 adolescents during 1 laboratory night. Although activity levels differed between dominant and nondominant wrists during periods of sleep (F = 4.57; p < 0.05) and wake (F = 15.5; p < 0.0005), resulting sleep-wake scoring algorithms were essentially the same and were equally explanatory (R2 = 0.64; p < 0.0001). When the sleep-wake scoring algorithm derived from the nondominant hand was used to score the nondominant data for sleep-wake, overall agreement rates with polysomnography scoring ranged between 91 and 93% for the calibration and validation samples. Results obtained with the same algorithm for the dominant-wrist data were within the same range. Agreement for sleep scoring was consistently higher than for wake scoring. Statistical manipulation of activity levels before applying the scoring algorithm indicated that this algorithm is quite robust toward moderate changes in activity level. Use of "twin-wrist actigraphy" enables identification of artifacts that may result from breathing-related motions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Effects of methylphenidate on sleep in children with attention-deficient hyperactivity disorder. An activity monitor study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of methylphenidate hydrochloride on sleep patterns in children diagnosed as having attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). DESIGN: A double-blind, controlled drug-placebo cross-over design. SETTING: Home. SUBJECTS: Ten children (aged 6 years 9 months to 12 years & months) diagnosed as having ADHD were consecutively recruited and compared with age- and sex-matched normal controls. TREATMENT: Methylphenidate hydrochloride (0.3 to 0.4 mg/kg) or placebo was administered at 7:30 AM. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Each child underwent activity monitoring at home during 6 days of no treatment (baseline) followed by placebo and methylphenidate treatment. The results of the three trial stages, as well as those of the 20 age- and sex-matched normal controls, were compared. A shorter total sleep duration was evident during the methylphenidate treatment compared with that of baseline and placebo treatment. The amount of quiet sleep was lower (however, not significantly) among the study group compared with controls, whereas no such difference was noted during methylphenidate treatment. Night-to-night sleep pattern stability was found. No other differences were found either between children with ADHD and controls or between on and off stages of methylphenidate treatment. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the notion that ADHD is a centrally generated disorder attributable to hypoarousal, which subsequently stimulates motor overactivity. Methylphenidate does not appear to affect sleep patterns adversely and possibly normalizes them in patients with ADHD.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1993

The effects of illness on sleep behaviour in infants.

For the purpose of evaluating the association between health problems and sleep disturbances as part of a community survey of sleep patterns in childhood, a questionnaire was administered to 752 mothers of children between the ages of 4 months and 4 years, and to the nurses at their regular baby clinics. The questionnaire covered the areas of past and present sleep and settling behaviour, as well as health history and demographic data. The study group consisted of 66 (8.9%) children who had either chronic medical problems, or history of an illness requiring hospitalisation. Regular night waking was reported in 35% and 34% of the group with and without history of illness, respectively. The mean number of interrupted nights per week was similar in both groups and so were the sleep problems perceived by the mothers. We conclude that in this age group the results do not support an association between health problems and prolonged sleep disturbances.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1993

Infant-parent co-sleeping in an evolutionary perspective: implications for understanding infant sleep development and the sudden infant death syndrome.

Evidence suggests that infant-parent co-sleeping represents the species-wide pattern of sleep in which human infant physiology evolved. The hypothesis evaluated in this manuscript is that the co-sleeping environment may foster development of optimal sleep patterning in infants and confer other benefits, including reducing the risk of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). These postulations by McKenna are considered from different perspectives by the coauthors. Using evolutionary, cross-species, crosscultural, physiological and behavioral data, our objective was to present a conceptual framework for assessing the developmental consequences of solitary sleeping and infant-parent co-sleeping.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Sleep characteristics of asthmatics in the first four years of life: a comparative study.

The association between asthma and sleep disturbances was assessed as part of a community survey of sleep patterns in children aged 4-48 months. A questionnaire covering the area of past and present sleep and settling behaviour, as well as health history and demographic data, was administered to 752 mothers of children visiting 14 well baby clinics. Fifty one (6.8%) of the children who were diagnosed as having asthma by their paediatricians were compared with the remaining healthy controls (children with perinatal problems, other chronic illnesses, developmental problems, or repeat admissions to hospital were excluded). Thirty nine per cent of the children with asthma and 38% of the normal controls were identified as regular wakers. The number of interrupted nights each week, settling time, and sleep duration were comparable. In the children with asthma an uninterrupted night's sleep was acquired later than in the control group. Parental perception of the severity of the sleep problem was similar in the two groups, as were the calming techniques. It is concluded that this study does not support a significantly increased prevalence of sleep disturbances among young children with asthma compared with their healthy peers.

Asthma↗
PubMed1993

Parental and relationship representations and experiences of depression in college students.

Young adults' descriptions of their parents and their relationships with their parents were used to reexamine the relations between object representation and depressive experience. One hundred eight students completed (a) four open-ended descriptions, including two written descriptions of the parents (mother and father, separately), and two written descriptions of the relationships with the parents; and (b) the Depressive Experience Questionnaire. Each of the four open-ended descriptions was rated on seven scales. Factor analysis yielded four distinct factors from the 28 dimensions of the descriptions. These factors were related to: (a) the degree of elaboration and investment, (b) the structural level of the descriptions, (c) the affective tone of the description of the father, and (d) the affective tone of the description of the mother. Significant differences and interactions were found regarding the interplay between the specific significant other represented (father or mother) and the specific framework of representation (parent description or relationship description). Measures derived from parents' and relationship descriptions significantly predicted depressive experiences of self-criticism and dependency. The results indicate the advantages of a joint exploration of the representation of distinct significant others (mother and father) and the use of two modes of relatedness (describe parent and describe relationship with parent) in the process of personality assessment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Increased motor activity and recurrent manic episodes: predictors of rapid relapse in remitted bipolar disorder patients after lithium discontinuation.

Ten patients with remitted bipolar illness on lithium maintenance therapy underwent placebo-controlled lithium discontinuation. Clinical ratings and recording of sleep-wake activity using wrist-worn actigraphs were carried out before and after lithium discontinuation. Seven patients experienced relapse into mania or hypomania within the first 3 months after lithium discontinuation. Actigraphic recordings revealed that patients who relapsed had higher baseline levels of daytime motor activity than patients without relapse. This may suggest that motor activity can be a sensitive marker of subclinical manic tendencies and early relapse following lithium discontinuation.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Toddlers' sleep and temperament: reporting bias or a valid link? A research note.

Objective sleep measures derived from a computerized movement detector attached to the child's leg, were obtained for a group of 31 toddlers (mean age: 18.5 months). The monitored sleep parameters were compared with maternal assessment of the child's sleep and her perception of his temperament. The validity of maternal diaries as a measure of the child's sleep was not supported. Nevertheless, a link between both subjective and objective sleep measures with temperament dimensions was indicated. The modest association between sleep and temperament may suggest either a continuity between some aspects of day- and night-time functioning or, alternatively, the influence of the child's sleep behavior in shaping the mother's perceptions of her toddler's temperament.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

Actigraphic home-monitoring sleep-disturbed and control infants and young children: a new method for pediatric assessment of sleep-wake patterns.

Two studies were conducted to evaluate actigraphic home-monitoring for the assessment of infants' and children's sleep patterns. In the first study, 11 children (aged 12 to 48 months) were monitored in the laboratory by traditional polysomnography and by actigraphy for one night. Actigraphic automatic sleep-wake scorings were compared with those of the polysomnograph; total agreement rate was 85.3%. In the second study, sleep patterns of 63 sleep-disturbed and 34 control healthy children (aged 9 to 27 months) were compared. These children were home-monitored by actigraph for a mean of 4.45 nights (total 482 nights). Actigraphic data were analyzed by an automated scoring procedure. Sleep quality of the sleep-disturbed children, measured by actigraphically derived sleep percent and number of longer-than-5-minute wakings, was significantly lower than that of the control subjects (P less than .0001). Sleep measures showed significant night-to-night stability in both groups. The stability of specific measures and their age trends were different between the groups. Actigraphic sleep measures alone could discriminate between sleep-disturbed and control children with a highly correct assignment rate of 79.4% and 91.2%, respectively.

Age Factors↗