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Biomedical subjects

A Sabbah

Publications and source records attributed to A Sabbah.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Current ideas on hay fever and its treatment].

Etiological treatment of atopic dermatitis cannot be considered without taking account of all the data of the syndrome: Search for the etiological; mechanism; Treatment of the cause and skin changes; Preventative treatment of infection; Above all, treatment of pruritus that determines the final state of the skin by the consequent scratching and the future psychological condition from the implicated prolonged suffering. Even though it may be difficult, responsible allergens must be detected and the entire range of allergy treatments tried. The local treatments to give a good skin condition must be understood. Finally, it is essential to educate the parents for the best possible family effort.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

[The rebirth of the H1-antagonists].

Anti H1s of the third generation, of which the first was Terfenadine, possess not only blocking effects on H1 receptors to histamine, but also have a "cromone-like" action on the membranes of cells that have been, or not, activated by specific stimuli (antigens). They act on the early phase of immediate hypersensitivity. These anti H1s of the new generation also have wider indications: asthma, perennial or pollen rhinitis, dermatoses such as urticaria and atopic dermatitis. Their tolerance has been remarkably improved with regard to the central effect (very reduced), such as absence of an atropine effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Phadiatop in the diagnosis of skin allergy to pneumoallergens].

Usually, Phadiotop is presented as an in vitro multitest to pneumoallergens that are indicated in respiratory allergy. Now, in skin allergy atopic dermatitis and reaginic urticaria-Quincke's oedema, the responsibility of pneumoallergens, particularly mites, is clear. 47 Subjects were studied. Clinical history, skin test nd specific IgE gave confirmation of allergy to pneumoallergens. This was proved by the subsequent clinical development, with, in most cases, spectacular improvement after desensitization.8 section. We have compared Phadiotop with these different clinical criteria, skin tests and Cap Rast IgE. The results favour Phadiotop and confirm its value and indication in skin allergy to pneumoallergens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Multitest Fx5 in food allergy].

A comparative study was made of three in vivo and in vitro diagnostic methods for food allergy: Fx5 multitest (Pharmacia); Measurement of specific IgE CAP (Pharmacia); Skin tests (Prick Tests). 20 patients, from 3 to 71 years (mean 24.4 years), were selected by clinical suggestion (asthma, rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria and/or Quincke's oedema). The Fx5 test used six food allergens: wheat, egg, cow's milk, soya, peanut and fish. The Cap Rast for each substance was evaluated, as was Fx5, by a radio-immunological method. The Prick Tests made with the six allergens used were considered to be positive when the diameter of the weal was greater than that produced by a reference test with histamine. The results were considered as a comparison between Fx5 and Cap Rast to each of the foods, between Fx5 and prick Test with five foods and finally between CAP RAST and Prick Test. Correlation Fx5--Cap rast was better and more useful in the diagnosis of food allergy than skin tests.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Measurement of mediators in drug allergies. Preliminary study].

Drug allergy is still a region where diagnosis remains difficult. It relies on clinical history, sometimes skin tests and lymphoblast transformation tests, though only when the antigen is soluble. Provocation tests may, if there is a doubt, prove the involvement of the drug. It may be made objective by the measurement of mediators: ECD and tryptase, thus showing the involvement of eosinophils and mastocytes. Should change in these mediators be associated with a syndromic reaction or is it on its own, a diagnostic factor? A complementary study with a reference group, on a sufficient number of patients has allowed, with the assistance of a statistical analysis, better objectivity from the results.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Measurement of specific IgE (sIgE) using the MATRIX technique].

In this study, on 34 subjects, the technique for measurement of sIgE by the MATRIX technique has been compared with the reference of CAP RAST, skin tests and clinical history. The two techniques of CAP RAST and MATRIX are judged to be comparable (correlation percentage 88.2%). The results obtained with four allergens [D. pteronyssinus, Timothy grass (Phleum pratense), cat and dog] done separately confirm the reliability of the technique. The study was completed by a comparison of the advantage and disadvantages of CAP RAST and MATRIX. This shows that the manipulation time is much reduced, but with a longer delay time and high reagent cost. In contrast, it has the enormous advantage of using a standardised range of allergens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Allergy to heparin. Particular problems in the pregnant woman].

Oral anti-coagulants are always contra-indicated for pregnant women. Only anti-coagulants of the types of heparin or its derivatives may be used. However, some patients have an allergy to Heparin. In this article the correct action to take both for diagnosis and prevention is studied. We present 2 observations of heparin-allergic pregnant women with, in the first case a tentative addiction to heparin which created a check and in the second case there was success in a second pregnancy with low-molecular weight heparin.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Diversity of antigenic fractions of allergenic extracts and importance of the Western blot technique].

The Phast-system groups together the techniques of electrophoresis and transfer. When applied to allergen extracts it allows identification of the allergenic protein fractions and shows their reactivity against sera from allergic patients. The Phast-system is indicated for the choice of the appropriate allergen for specific immunotherapy. If it is not possible to do it systematically, it should be done whenever there is a check to specific immunotherapy.

Allergens↗
PubMed1991

Intrinsic asthma: myth or reality?

Asthma is a multifactorial syndrome with different etiologies, both allergic and non-allergic. Response to an allergen may be moderate and may often be shown only by provocation tests, not by skin tests or RAST. Food allergy is a significant cause of asthma. There are many non-allergic causes, from gastro-oesophageal reflux to aspirin-intolerant asthma, to sulphites...the list is far from exhaustive. Often there is an association of allergic and non-allergic causes.

Allergens↗
PubMed1991

[Specific immunotherapy using Alpha-Fraction-Retard-D. pteronyssinus. Double-blind study in asthma].

A multicenter, double blind clinical study on two homogeneous, treated and untreated groups, has allowed an objective appreciation of the results of specific immunotherapy using the alpha-fraction of D. pteronyssinus in asthma. A statistically significant difference was seen of the consumption of drugs in the treated group and in infants of less than 5 years (p = 0.047). Tolerance, evaluated as a function of local and secondary effects was excellent and comparable in the two groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[General considerations on desensitization by the sublingual route].

A favourable action by a new method of therapy and in particular desensitization by the sub-lingual route is sometimes difficult to confirm. To make a sensible study requires a maximum of prior knowledge and this is not easy to acquire. How to select the patients? What method of administration is possible? What should be the dose adopted? What might be the secondary effects? Desensitization by the sub-lingual route seems to us to be a technique for the future. Impressions and thoughts on the new method route for desensitization must lead to controlled studies, very objective, which will confirm or invalidate it.

Administration, Sublingual↗
PubMed1991

[Immunological causes of male infertility].

Sperm (spermatozoa and the various secretions of the accessory glands) with its very complex antigenic system is only produced from puberty and thus at a time when the body has already had a for a long time the facility to respond to an antigenic stimulation with an immune reaction. Because of this, the spermatozoa, in contrast to other cells of the organism, are considered as strangers and may behave as auto-antigens. However, the existence of a haemato-testicular barrier, that prevents all contact between the sperm and the immune system must be recognized in man, its rupture has the consequence of formation of anti-spermatozoa antibodies. It is estimated that 5% of cases of sterility are of immunological origin and linked to the presence in man and/or woman of anti-sperm antibodies. The production is greater in man than in women because of the roles, in the first of macrophages and in the second of polynuclear neutrophils in the destruction of the spermatozoa. Anti spermatozoal antibodies play a part in sterility by: Spontaneous agglutination in ejaculation, thus preventing their progression in the female genital tract. Free spermatozoa, charged with antibody are retained at the level of the cervical secretion = SHAKING phenomenon. The anti-spermatozoal antibodies mask some antigens, so preventing penetration of the spermatozoa into the ovule. Contact of spermatozoa with antibody fixed to the uterine tissue is followed by secretion of histamine and this encourages the expulsion of an implanted egg. This is before the existence of: Spontaneous agglutination in ejaculation, Oligospermatosis, Indeterminate cause sterility, Immobilisation of the spermatozoa in the cervical secretion, Failure of repetition.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1991

[Allergy survey in genital contact dermatitis].

Contact eczema is one of the most frequent dermatological affections, regardless of age and sex. In typical cases, the diagnosis is usually easy, but it may be less so where there are atypical factors, in particular locations and with complications or unusual etiological data. In fact, the first condition in making a diagnosis is to suspect that there is the possibility of contact allergy. As an example, it should be remembered that allergy to benzalkonium can be diagnosed after a mean time of 87 months of evolution. The present availability of standardised allergens for testing for contact allergens has greatly changed the diagnostic possibilities. The allergens that are most often the cause in the genital region are perfumes, chlorhexidine, hexamidine, benzylalkonium chloride and latex. Only recognition of the allergen and its removal are used and sufficient to obtain recovery.

Allergens↗
PubMed1991

[Refractory vaginal candidiasis].

Genital candidiasis is a poorly-studied pathology, certainly because there is often a favourable result after treatment, at least in times past. If the diagnosis of acute vulvo-vaginitis is easy, it is not the same in relapse or second attack. The correct treatment of refractory vaginal candidiasis and/or second attacks needs a knowledge of their etiology, the mechanisms that encourage their appearance (and maintenance), the field where they occur. Recent data on the action of Candida on immunity may introduce new physiopathological perspectives and treatments.

Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal↗
PubMed1990

[Evolution of in vivo and in vitro tests during specific immunotherapy against hymenoptera venoms].

In this study, on a population of 26 patients with systemic reactions after hymenoptera stings, different immunobiological tests have been used to confirm the sensitivity to hymenoptera venom. These 26 patients were divided into two groups according to the stage of their immunotherapy: group 1 (n = 8) included all assessments from day 0 (before IT) and group 2 (n = 16) the assessments at 1 and 2 years during IT. In general, there was a good correlation between skin tests, RAST and histamine release. The results show that the IgE level seems to be more informative than histamine release and that measurement of the specific IgE level is more sensitive with Allerbio allergen compared with other allergens. However these preliminary results must be confirmed on a statistically significant number of patients. HL by Agf is less sensitive than that done with Ags.

Bee Venoms↗
PubMed1990

[Physiopathology and therapeutic considerations for rhinitis].

Rhinitis affects about 10% of the global population. Whatever is the cause of the rhinitis, allergic or not, the physio-pathology is the same, with intervention of mediators as the origin of the nervous stimulation of the epithelium and mucosae. This innervation is threefold: parasympathetic (ACH), sympathetic (Nor ADR), non-adrenergic, non cholinergic system: neuropeptides: VIP. Rhinitis is therefore linked with imbalance of these systems. Treatment of rhinitis must be composed not only of anti H1 which are effective against secretions and sneezes, but also the anti-inflammatory steroids, which are effective against inflammation. Cromoglycate, ketotifen... should be obligatory as membrane stabilizers.

Histamine H1 Antagonists↗
PubMed1990

[Astemizole: its pharmacokinetics and pharmacologic properties].

Astemizole (Hismanal) is a chemically novel compound selected from a series of piperidinylaminobenzimidazoles. Further preclinical pharmacological investigations were initiated by experiences with other drugs in the same field. The aim of this review is to illustrate new pharmacological data on astemizole. Astemizole showed the lowest ED50 and the longest duration in mast cell-mediated shock. Binding characteristics to histamine H1 receptors were specificity, selectivity and long duration. Lack of effects on the wakefulness-sleep cycles was evidenced. An equal bioavailability of the drug was demonstrated with different formulations, dosing and food intake. High plasma levels of desmethylastemizole, the major metabolite, and longer half-life than for astemizole, contribute partly to the antihistamine activity. On chronic administration relative amounts of both molecules in the peripheral compartment are most likely responsible for the expected pharmacological effect. The time-course of kinetics shows, the peak plasma levels of the unchanged astemizole followed by a gradual take-over by desmethylastemizole. In patients with hepatic or renal insufficiency the pharmacokinetic background was similar to healthy volunteers.

Astemizole↗