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Biomedical subjects

A S Tiganov

Publications and source records attributed to A S Tiganov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Current approaches to understanding of autism in childhood].

The authors analyse the trends in the study of childhood autism in the XX century and state of the art in view of nosology, systematics, clinical phenomenology, etiology and pathogenesis of autistic disorders. Mental Health Research Center of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences proposes a new classification of autism in children basing on the study of 500 cases. Each form of autistic disorders is characterized in clinicopsychopathological and pathogenetic aspects. The phenomenon of autism in childhood psychopathology is universal, dependent on peculiarities of ontogenesis of the nervous system, individual development of a child, genetic and environmental factors.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed2002

[Clinical psychiatry and problems of novel psychopharmacological medication study].

The problems of further development of psychopathology are considered in terms of clinical psychopharmacology. Investigations on efficacy of modern psychopharmacological medications are shown to relate closely to studies of psychopathological structure of mental disorders as well as to problem of treatment resistance and maintenance treatment.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

[Current concept of schizophrenia: state of the art].

Approaches to diagnosing schizophrenia are different. There is a distinct tendency either to narrow the limits of the disease or to expand it, which in some cases leads to a disagreement and even a tendency to disputes. The comprehensive studies conducted in the Mental Health Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, have provided an overall notion of the disease in terms of its progression and outcome. The clinical picture of schizophrenia is characterized by obligatory specific disorders, such as autism, reduced energy potential, emotional thinking, and behavioral disorders. Personality changes may be seen as the smoothening of specific personality traits and the appearance of the features that are not inherent to the patients in the past. Schizophernia is also characterized by positive psychopathological syndromes: pseudoneurotic, affective, psychopathy-like, hallucinatory-paranoid and catatonic. A study of 7500 patients with schizophrenia demonstrated that there were clear-cut regularities in the development of the disease, which suggest that there are forms and types in its progression. The study identified 3 forms of development: continuous, recurrent, and attack-like progressive with varying degrees and rates of the process (severe, moderate, and mild). Genealogical and clinicogenetic studies demonstrated accumulation of psychoses and abnormal personalities in the families of probands, manifest and slowly progressive forms of schizophrenia and cases of schizoid psychopathy. Among the wide spectrum of pathogenetic concepts, priority should be given to the dopamine hypothesis, whose main point is accumulation of an excessive amount of dopamine in the brain tissue, especially in the nigrostriatal, mesocortical, and mesolimbic systems. This may lead to activation of dopaminergic brain structures with an increase of dopamine receptors. This hypothesis is confirmed by the neuropathological studies demonstrating a significant increase in the numerical density of the dendritic spines and dendritic trunks in the with layer of the prefrontal cortex. The highest index of the numerical density was observed in young patients with prevalent negative disorders. Inasmuch as there is no correlation of this index with the duration of the disease, it can be concluded that the abundance of synaptical connections is a result of disturbed brain development and a factor predisposing to severe progression of schizophrenia. Treatment modalities are determined by the form and rate of progression of and the pattern of the psychopathological syndrome. Of particular importance is the role of age, somatic state, and individual sensitivity to neuroleptic drugs. Another important factor in the treatment of schizophrenia is a simultaneous or consecutive impact on the psychopathological syndrome and the disease as a whole.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

[Affective disorders and syndrome formation].

Investigation of affective disorders in different psychopathologic syndromes allows to evaluate their role in the processes of syndrome formation and prognostic value. Affective disorders developing in different diseases (nosologies) within relevant psychopathologic syndromes determine main peculiarities of the disease course as well as severity of damage to mental activity.

Depressive Disorder↗
PubMed1996

[The current diagnosis and classification problems of mental diseases].

Both international (ICD-9, ICD-10) and national classifications were used as the examples for establishing the connection between the methodology of diagnosis and creation of systematics of mental diseases. The thesis was formulated that the creation of the national classification well grounded scientifically is to reflect main traditions and tendencies of Russian and world psychiatry.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

[Current tasks of psychopharmacology].

The basic principle of psychopharmacology--is its impact on the psychopathological syndrome, having in view its specificity, expressivity of negative disturbances, nosological entity. One of the approaches to the selection of adequate psychopharmacotherapy may be the concept of comorbidity of disturbances, determining the structure of the syndrome and perspectives of its impact. With this in view, the structure of some syndromes may be considered not as a complex of closely interrelated disturbances, but as states stemming from relatively independent pathological disturbances, connected by probable relations. The problem of differentiated psychopharmacotherapy in line with the phenomenon of comorbidity at the level of symptom-syndrome, psychopathological personality disturbances (including negative ones), may have a practical as well as a theoretical significance. An analysis of comorbid connections determines as well the selection of preventive drugs in the prophylaxis of relapses of psychoses. An eventual study of all sides of this problem has its goal to define the spectre of action of the already known drugs and new psychopharmacological preparations, a deeper understanding of psychopathology and the clinical state being under the impact of psychopharmacological therapy, a transition from an extensive understanding of a wide range of questions of psychopharmacology to an intensive study of separate facets of the problem, which seems to be most perspective.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[The psychopathology and clinical picture of schizophrenia with a course of paroxysmal and paroxysm-like disorders].

Overall 70 patients suffering from attack-like progressive schizophrenia associated with paroxysmal and paroxysm-like disorders were examined. The clinico-psychopathological aspects of the disease were many and varied. The common signs of the disease included the presence of affective disorders, their considerable portion among other psychopathological manifestations. The dynamics of affective disorders specified in many respects the common character of the disease and the degree of the process progression and, in many cases, it tended to the formation of affective continuity. The common characteristics of the disease also included the presence of early disease signs which occurred long before manifest features, i.e. since the very childhood. The study of the structure of paroxysmal and paroxysm-like conditions revealed their diversity and certain specificities as compared with analogous paroxysms seen in the clinical picture of epilepsy. In addition to the clinical and psychopathological characteristics and the dynamics of personality disorders, this will provide evidence in favour of a special variant of the endogenous process.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Organization and basic principles of postgraduate education of psychiatric physicians in the Soviet Union].

The author outlines the major principles and structure of post-graduate training in the USSR. There are 16 special post-graduate institutes for physicians in the USSR, with 14 chairs of psychiatry. For special branches of psychiatry post-graduate training is accomplished in Psychiatric Research Institutes. The training of professionals in institutes for post-graduate training is implemented through training courses oriented in line with the level of professional skills of the trainees (primary courses, for psychiatrists with a background, for professors) One of the forms of post-graduate training are visiting courses of the teacher-body of the Central Institute for Advanced Medical Training to various regions of the country. Teaching is conducted according to detailed elaborated programmes.

Education, Medical, Continuing↗
PubMed1984

[Problems in the systematics of mental disorders of an exogenous and exogenous-organic nature].

Modern classifications of psychic disorders of the exogenous and exogenous-organic origin are reviewed. It is emphasized that the available international classifications including IDC-8 and IDC-9 as well as the classification currently used in the USA cannot be considered as adequate. The present work aims at attempting a uniform classification of psychic disturbances associated with somatic diseases, infections and intoxications which would reflect in the general form the nature and sequence of the development of the major, most common psychotic disturbances in all diseases of the exogenous and exogenous organic character. The classification proposed includes a group of neurosislike states, acute symptomatic psychoses, protracted symptomatic psychoses and various kinds of the psychoorganic syndrome. The conditions and probabilities of the development of different states of the exogenous organic origin are discussed.

Humans↗